CN107473564B - Harmless treatment method and system for domestic sludge - Google Patents

Harmless treatment method and system for domestic sludge Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107473564B
CN107473564B CN201710880482.8A CN201710880482A CN107473564B CN 107473564 B CN107473564 B CN 107473564B CN 201710880482 A CN201710880482 A CN 201710880482A CN 107473564 B CN107473564 B CN 107473564B
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flue gas
incineration
sludge
section
treatment
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CN107473564A (en
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李秉正
李�一
吴汕
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Chongqing Angruiyue Science And Technology Co ltd
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Chongqing Angruiyue Science And Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/14Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C02F11/122Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/001Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for sludges or waste products from water treatment installations

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a harmless treatment method and system for domestic sludge. The invention aims to provide a harmless treatment method of domestic sludge, which realizes the harmless treatment of biological sludge by a dehydration pretreatment method of secondary mixing of the domestic sludge; in addition, according to the treatment system independently developed by the method, the system construction cost is low, the operation cost is low, and a new way is opened up for harmless treatment of the activated sludge and comprehensive utilization of resources.

Description

Harmless treatment method and system for domestic sludge
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a harmless treatment method and system for domestic sludge.
Background
Domestic sludge, also called sewage plant sludge and municipal sludge, is sludge which is produced in a large amount for a long time and stably along with the increase of the municipal sewage treatment capacity, and has the following three characteristics: firstly, the organic matter content is high, which generally accounts for more than 50 percent of the dry matter content, and simultaneously, the organic matter also contains a large amount of nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like; second, since sewage plants also receive some industrial wastewater, the sludge also contains a proportion of heavy metal ions and chemicals, in particular a certain amount of harmful chemicals, such as adsorbable organic halogens, anionic synthetic detergents, etc., and a large number of pathogenic microorganisms; thirdly, the water content is high, the dehydration is difficult, the water content of domestic sludge produced by a common sewage treatment plant is about 80%, the wet combustion heat value is obviously reduced, and the organic matters of the domestic sludge cannot be effectively utilized.
At present, the treatment method of domestic sludge comprises the following four technologies: 1) The landfill technology not only causes a great deal of land waste, but also causes secondary pollution; 2) Aerobic composting, which requires maintenance, airing and evaporation of water, occupies more space, has longer conversion time and also pollutes the environment; 3) The direct incineration has the problems of large equipment investment, higher operation cost, emission of toxic gases such as dioxin and the like, and energy waste; at present, no efficient technology is available for solving the problem of harmless treatment and resource recycling of domestic sludge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a harmless treatment method and a harmless treatment system for domestic sludge, wherein the method can thoroughly detoxify organic matters, heavy metal ions, toxic chemical substances and the like in the domestic sludge, does not generate new harmful substances, and realizes the harmless treatment of the domestic sludge; in addition, the system independently developed according to the method has the advantages of low construction cost and low operation cost, and opens up a new way for harmless treatment of the activated sludge and comprehensive utilization of resources.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the harmless treatment method of the domestic sludge is characterized by comprising the following two steps of:
step 1: mixing domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride in proportion, and dehydrating to obtain mud cakes with the water content of 60-65%;
step 2: and (2) mixing biomass carbon powder accounting for 1-10% of the original mass of the domestic sludge and bran hulls accounting for 2-5% of the original mass of the domestic sludge with the mud cake obtained in the step (1) according to the original mass of the domestic sludge to obtain mixed sludge.
Mixing the first sludge with lime and polyaluminium chloride, wherein the polyaluminium chloride has the function of conditioning the sludge, so that a better dewatering effect is achieved in the filter press, and the lime has the function of desulfurizing the sludge; before filter pressing, only polyaluminium chloride and lime are added, so that the addition of bran shells and biomass carbon at one time is avoided, the volume of filter pressing is increased, meanwhile, the water content of sludge is reduced from about 80% to about 60% during filter pressing, and the difficulty and energy consumption of filter pressing are further reduced. The dehydrated sludge has the advantages that the water content is reduced, the viscosity is reduced, the materials are more loose when the materials are mixed again, the materials are mixed with bran shells and biomass charcoal, the water content of the mixed sludge is reduced again, the combustion heat value of the sludge is improved, and the layering phenomenon caused by the properties of lime, domestic sludge and polyaluminium chloride during filter pressing is avoided by secondary mixing, so that the materials are mixed more uniformly, and the full combustion of the mixed sludge is facilitated.
Preferably, in the step 1, the ratio of the domestic sludge to the lime to the polyaluminium chloride is 100:1-10:1-6.
Preferably, in the step 1, the ratio of the domestic sludge to the lime to the polyaluminium chloride is 100:5:3.
in the step 1, the mass ratio of the domestic sludge to lime to polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is 100:5:3, can obviously reduce the viscosity of the domestic sludge and improve the dehydration rate, and can react with chlorine-containing and sulfur-containing compounds generated by the incineration of the domestic sludge in the incineration process to fix heavy metal components in the domestic sludge, thereby achieving the effects of dechlorination, desulfurization and heavy metal fixation, further breaking the precursor forming condition of dioxin, reducing the water content of the mud cake prepared in the step 1 from about 80% to about 60%, and enabling the kinematic viscosity to be 10500-11000 centipoise.
Preferably, the polyaluminum chloride refers to a polyaluminum chloride aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 30%.
Preferably, the incineration treatment refers to the incineration treatment of the mixed sludge by a negative pressure circulation heat storage incineration system, and the negative pressure circulation heat storage incineration system refers to an incineration system for pre-drying the mixed sludge by adopting flue gas generated by incineration.
Preferably, the flue gas cleaning treatment comprises the steps of:
step a: the flue gas generated by incineration is subjected to heat exchange and is sent to a bag type dust remover through an induced draft fan to remove smoke dust, and the dust removal efficiency is more than 98%;
step b: c, spraying and desulfurizing the waste gas after dust removal in the step a, wherein the spraying liquid is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide can form sodium sulfite with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, sodium sulfite can be regenerated into sodium hydroxide through reaction with calcium hydroxide, so that the cyclic regeneration of the sodium hydroxide can be realized, the desulfurizing efficiency reaches 60%, and meanwhile, the residual smoke dust can be removed by the spraying liquid;
step c: feeding the waste gas after desulfurization in the step b intoWet denitration is carried out, nitrogen oxides in the flue gas are reduced into nitrogen by spraying urea solution and controlling the PH of the solution, so that the aim of denitration is fulfilled, and more than 80% of NO in the flue gas can be removed by the method x
Step d: c, delivering the flue gas subjected to denitration in the step c into a steam-water separator, separating water in the flue gas in the steam-water separator, and collecting the water for preparing polyaluminium chloride;
step e: and d, passing the flue gas treated in the step d through an activated carbon adsorber, and removing heavy metals and dioxin possibly remained in the flue gas through activated carbon adsorption to enable the flue gas to reach the standard.
The invention also provides a harmless treatment system of the domestic sludge, which comprises a pretreatment system for dewatering pretreatment of the domestic sludge, a negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system for incinerating the mixed sludge, a residue treatment system and a smoke purification system for smoke purification treatment, and is characterized in that the pretreatment system comprises: the device comprises a first mixer for uniformly mixing domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride, a filter press for filtering and pressing the sludge, a second mixer for uniformly mixing mud cakes, biomass charcoal and chaff shells, a plurality of metering scales and a storage bin, wherein the first mixer, the filter press and the second mixer are sequentially connected through a conveying device, the first mixer is a double-shaft spiral mixer or a coulter mixer, the second mixer is a double-shaft spiral mixer or a coulter mixer, and the filter press is a steel belt type filter press or a plate-and-frame filter press.
Preferably, the harmless treatment system of the domestic sludge further comprises a central control system for monitoring and controlling the harmless treatment system of the domestic sludge.
Preferably, the negative pressure circulation heat storage incineration system comprises: the incinerator is sequentially provided with a material distribution section, a preheating section, an ignition section, an incineration section and a cooling section; a flue gas circulation device above the incineration section; the distributing device of distributing section top and lie in preheating section, ignition section, burn section and refrigerated updraft ventilator, burn the device and still include: the preheating device comprises a preheating section, a preheating cover, an igniter, an incineration trolley, a preheating circulating flue gas inlet and a circulating flue gas inlet, wherein the preheating cover is arranged above the preheating section, the igniter is arranged above the ignition section, the incineration trolley can slide freely in the distribution section, the preheating section, the ignition section, the incineration section and the cooling section, and the preheating circulating flue gas inlet is arranged on the preheating cover, and the preheating circulating flue gas inlet is used for entering the circulating flue gas from the incineration section.
The inlet of the preheating circulating flue gas enables the flue gas generated by incineration to enter the preheating section, and the heat generated by incineration is utilized to pre-dry the mixed sludge, so that the water content of the mixed sludge is reduced, the mixed sludge is favorable for full combustion, the mixed sludge is prevented from staying in a low-temperature section for a long time in an ignition stage, and the temperature environment for forming dioxin is weakened.
Preferably, the smoke circulation device comprises a single or a plurality of independent smoke covers, the smoke covers are provided with a circulation smoke inlet and an air inlet, the air exhaust device comprises three or more independent air exhaust covers, the air exhaust covers are connected with an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust pump; the exhaust hood below the ignition section is communicated with the first smoke hood above the burning section, the last exhaust hood below the burning section is communicated with the preheating hood, and the exhaust hood below the cooling section is communicated with the smoke purification system. The circulating flue gas inlet enables flue gas generated by incineration to enter the incineration device for incineration secondarily, and the air inlet enables a large amount of air to flow into the incineration device to help full combustion of sludge. The flue gas circulation device is favorable for removing granular carbon, carbon monoxide and organic matters which are not completely combusted in the combustion flue gas and carrying out secondary combustion, in particular is favorable for removing dioxin generated by incineration, so that the dioxin is decomposed at high temperature, and simultaneously, the heat generated by the incineration is also recycled.
Preferably, the residue treatment system is used for making bricks and ceramsite from residues.
Preferably, the flue gas purification system sequentially comprises a heat exchanger, a cyclone separator, a desulfurizing tower, a denitration tower, a steam-water separator and an activated carbon adsorber.
The heat exchanger exchanges heat with the flue gas generated by incineration, and the flue gas is sent to the bag type dust remover through the induced draft fan to remove smoke dust, and the dust removal efficiency reaches more than 98%; the flue gas is subjected to spray desulfurization by a desulfurization tower, the spray liquid is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide can form sodium sulfite with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, sodium sulfite can be regenerated into sodium hydroxide by reacting with calcium hydroxide, so that the sodium hydroxide can be recycled, the desulfurization efficiency can reach 60%, and meanwhile, the spray liquid can also remove residual smoke dust; the desulfurized waste gas enters a wet denitration tower, nitrogen oxides in the flue gas are reduced into nitrogen by spraying urea solution and controlling the PH of the solution, and more than 80% of NOx in the flue gas can be removed; the flue gas after denitration is sent into a steam-water separator, water in the flue gas in the steam-water separator is separated out and can be used for preparing polyaluminium chloride after being collected, so that the secondary utilization of the water is realized; the flue gas passes through the activated carbon absorber, and the heavy metals possibly remained in the flue gas are removed through activated carbon absorption, so that the flue gas reaches the standard.
The harmless treatment method and system for the domestic sludge provided by the invention have the advantages that:
1. the dewatering pretreatment method of secondary mixing is adopted, so that the difficulty in filter pressing of domestic sludge and energy consumption are reduced, the materials are further mixed more uniformly, and the full combustion of the mixed sludge is facilitated;
2. the negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system is adopted to incinerate the sludge, so that the heat generated by burning the sludge is fully utilized, the smoke generated by burning the sludge is secondarily utilized, the water content of the mixed sludge is reduced, and the temperature environment generated by dioxin is weakened.
3. The flue gas recycling device is adopted, secondary combustion is carried out on the flue gas generated by sludge incineration, the generation of pollutants in the flue gas is reduced, the generation of the pollutants is reduced, and the flue gas passes through the flue gas treatment system, so that the flue gas reaches the emission standard, and the harmless treatment of the sludge is realized.
4. The system has low construction cost and low operation cost, and opens up a new way for the harmless treatment of the activated sludge and the comprehensive utilization of resources.
Drawings
Fig. 1: the pretreatment system is structurally schematic.
In the figure, a 1-pretreatment system, a 11-storage bin, a 12-metering scale, a 13-first mixer, a 14-filter press, a 15-second mixer and a 16-conveying device are arranged.
Fig. 2: the structure schematic diagram of the negative pressure circulation heat storage incineration system.
In the figure, a 2-negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system; 20-incineration device, 200-cloth section, 201-preheating section, 202-ignition section, 203-incineration section, 204-cooling section, 205-igniter, 206-preheating cover, 207-preheating circulating flue gas inlet and 208-incineration trolley; 21-a distributing device and 210-a material scattering device; 22-smoke circulation device, 220-circulation smoke inlet, 221-air inlet and 222-smoke cover; 23-exhaust device, 230-exhaust hood, 231-exhaust tube and 232-exhaust pump; 3-a residue handling system; 4-flue gas purification system
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The harmless treatment method of the domestic sludge comprises the following steps:
1. dewatering pretreatment
Step 1: mixing domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride according to a mass ratio of 100:5:3, mixing, and dehydrating by a filter to obtain mud cakes with the water content of 60%, wherein the polyaluminium chloride is a polyaluminium chloride aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 30%. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
Step 2: and (2) mixing biomass carbon powder accounting for 10% of the original mass of the domestic sludge and bran hulls accounting for 5% of the original mass of the domestic sludge with the mud cake obtained in the step (1) according to the original mass of the domestic sludge to obtain mixed sludge.
In the step 1, the mass ratio of the domestic sludge to lime to polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is 100:5:3, can obviously reduce the viscosity of the domestic sludge and improve the dehydration rate, and can react with chlorine-containing and sulfur-containing compounds generated by the incineration of the domestic sludge in the incineration process to fix heavy metal components in the domestic sludge, thereby achieving the effects of dechlorination, desulfurization and heavy metal fixation, further breaking the precursor forming condition of dioxin, reducing the water content of the mud cake prepared in the step 1 from about 80% to about 60%, and enabling the kinematic viscosity to be 10500-11000 centipoise.
Mixing the first sludge with lime and polyaluminium chloride, wherein the polyaluminium chloride has the function of conditioning and dehydrating the sludge, so that a better dehydrating effect is achieved in the steel belt filter press, and the lime has the function of desulfurizing the sludge; before filter pressing, only polyaluminium chloride and lime are added, so that the addition of bran shells and biomass carbon at one time is avoided, the volume of filter pressing is increased, meanwhile, the water content of sludge is reduced from about 80% to about 60% during filter pressing, and the difficulty and energy consumption of filter pressing are further reduced. The dehydrated sludge has the advantages that the water content is reduced, the viscosity is reduced, the materials are more loose when the materials are mixed again, the materials are mixed with bran shells and biomass charcoal, the water content of the mixed sludge is reduced again, the combustion heat value of the sludge is improved, and the layering phenomenon caused by the property of lime, domestic sludge and polyaluminium chloride during filter pressing is avoided by secondary mixing, so that the materials are mixed more uniformly, and the full combustion of the mixed sludge is facilitated.
2. Incineration treatment
The incineration treatment refers to the incineration treatment of the mixed sludge by a negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system, wherein the negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system refers to an incineration system for pre-drying the mixed sludge by adopting flue gas generated by incineration.
3. Flue gas purification treatment
The flue gas purification treatment comprises the following steps:
step a: the flue gas generated by incineration is subjected to heat exchange and is sent to a bag type dust remover through an induced draft fan to remove smoke dust, and the dust removal efficiency is more than 98%;
step b: c, spraying and desulfurizing the waste gas after dust removal in the step a, wherein the spraying liquid is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide can form sodium sulfite with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, sodium sulfite can be regenerated into sodium hydroxide through reaction with calcium hydroxide, so that the cyclic regeneration of the sodium hydroxide can be realized, the desulfurizing efficiency reaches 60%, and meanwhile, the residual smoke dust can be removed by the spraying liquid;
step c: the waste gas after desulfurization in the step b is subjected to wet denitration, nitrogen oxides in the flue gas are reduced into nitrogen by spraying urea solution and controlling the PH of the solution, so that the aim of denitration is fulfilled, and more than 80% of NO in the flue gas can be removed by the method x
Step d: c, delivering the flue gas subjected to denitration in the step c into a steam-water separator, separating water in the flue gas in the steam-water separator, and collecting the water for preparing polyaluminium chloride;
step e: and d, passing the flue gas treated in the step d through an activated carbon adsorber, and removing heavy metals and dioxin possibly remained in the flue gas through activated carbon adsorption to enable the flue gas to reach the standard.
Example 2
The harmless treatment method of the domestic sludge comprises the following steps:
1. dewatering pretreatment
Step 1: mixing domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride according to a mass ratio of 100:1:6, mixing, and dehydrating by a filter to obtain a mud cake with the water content of 63%, wherein the polyaluminium chloride is a polyaluminium chloride aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 30%;
step 2: and (2) mixing biomass carbon powder accounting for 5% of the original mass of the domestic sludge and bran hulls accounting for 5% of the original mass of the domestic sludge with the mud cake obtained in the step (1) according to the original mass of the domestic sludge to obtain mixed sludge.
In the step 1, the mass ratio of the domestic sludge to lime to polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is 100:1:6, can obviously reduce the viscosity of the domestic sludge and improve the dehydration rate, and can react with chlorine-containing and sulfur-containing compounds generated by the incineration of the domestic sludge in the incineration process to fix heavy metal components in the domestic sludge, thereby achieving the effects of dechlorination, desulfurization and heavy metal fixation, further breaking the precursor forming condition of dioxin, reducing the water content of the mud cake prepared in the step 1 from about 80% to about 63%, and enabling the kinematic viscosity to be 10700-11200 centipoise.
Mixing the first sludge with lime and polyaluminium chloride, wherein the polyaluminium chloride has the function of conditioning and dehydrating the sludge, so that a better dehydrating effect is achieved in the steel belt filter press, and the lime has the function of desulfurizing the sludge; before filter pressing, only polyaluminium chloride and lime are added, so that the addition of bran shells and biomass carbon at one time is avoided, the volume of filter pressing is increased, meanwhile, the water content of sludge is reduced from about 80% to about 60% during filter pressing, and the difficulty and energy consumption of filter pressing are further reduced. The dehydrated sludge has the advantages that the water content is reduced, the viscosity is reduced, the materials are more loose when the materials are mixed again, the materials are mixed with bran shells and biomass charcoal, the water content of the mixed sludge is reduced again, the combustion heat value of the sludge is improved, and the layering phenomenon caused by the property of lime, domestic sludge and polyaluminium chloride during filter pressing is avoided by secondary mixing, so that the materials are mixed more uniformly, and the full combustion of the mixed sludge is facilitated.
2. Incineration treatment
The incineration treatment refers to the incineration treatment of the mixed sludge by a negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system, wherein the negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system refers to an incineration system for pre-drying the mixed sludge by adopting flue gas generated by incineration.
3. Flue gas purification treatment
The flue gas purification treatment comprises the following steps:
step a: the flue gas generated by incineration is subjected to heat exchange and is sent to a bag type dust remover through an induced draft fan to remove smoke dust, and the dust removal efficiency is more than 98%;
step b: c, spraying and desulfurizing the waste gas after dust removal in the step a, wherein the spraying liquid is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide can form sodium sulfite with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, sodium sulfite can be regenerated into sodium hydroxide through reaction with calcium hydroxide, so that the cyclic regeneration of the sodium hydroxide can be realized, the desulfurizing efficiency reaches 60%, and meanwhile, the residual smoke dust can be removed by the spraying liquid;
step c: the waste gas after desulfurization in the step b is subjected to wet denitration, nitrogen oxides in the flue gas are reduced into nitrogen by spraying urea solution and controlling the PH of the solution, so that the aim of denitration is fulfilled, and more than 80% of NO in the flue gas can be removed by the method x
Step d: c, delivering the flue gas subjected to denitration in the step c into a steam-water separator, separating water in the flue gas in the steam-water separator, and collecting the water for preparing polyaluminium chloride;
step e: and d, passing the flue gas treated in the step d through an activated carbon adsorber, and removing heavy metals and dioxin possibly remained in the flue gas through activated carbon adsorption to enable the flue gas to reach the standard.
Example 3
The harmless treatment method of the domestic sludge comprises the following steps:
1. dewatering pretreatment
Step 1: mixing domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride according to a mass ratio of 100:10:2, mixing, and dehydrating by a filter to obtain a mud cake with the water content of 63%, wherein the polyaluminium chloride is a polyaluminium chloride aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 30%;
step 2: and (2) mixing biomass carbon powder accounting for 10% of the original mass of the domestic sludge and bran hulls accounting for 2% of the original mass of the domestic sludge with the mud cake obtained in the step (1) according to the original mass of the domestic sludge to obtain mixed sludge.
In the step 1, the mass ratio of the domestic sludge to lime to polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is 100:10:2, can obviously reduce the viscosity of the domestic sludge and improve the dehydration rate, and can react with chlorine-containing and sulfur-containing compounds generated by the incineration of the domestic sludge in the incineration process to fix heavy metal components in the domestic sludge, thereby achieving the effects of dechlorination, desulfurization and heavy metal fixation, further breaking the precursor forming condition of dioxin, reducing the water content of the mud cake prepared in the step 1 from about 80% to about 60%, and ensuring that the kinematic viscosity is 10600-11200 centipoises.
Mixing the first sludge with lime and polyaluminium chloride, wherein the polyaluminium chloride has the function of conditioning and dehydrating the sludge, so that a better dehydrating effect is achieved in the steel belt filter press, and the lime has the function of desulfurizing the sludge; before filter pressing, only polyaluminium chloride and lime are added, so that the addition of bran shells and biomass carbon at one time is avoided, the volume of filter pressing is increased, meanwhile, the water content of sludge is reduced from about 80% to about 60% during filter pressing, and the difficulty and energy consumption of filter pressing are further reduced. The dehydrated sludge has the advantages that the water content is reduced, the viscosity is reduced, the materials are more loose when the materials are mixed again, the materials are mixed with bran shells and biomass charcoal, the water content of the mixed sludge is reduced again, the combustion heat value of the sludge is improved, and the layering phenomenon caused by the property of lime, domestic sludge and polyaluminium chloride during filter pressing is avoided by secondary mixing, so that the materials are mixed more uniformly, and the full combustion of the mixed sludge is facilitated.
2. Incineration treatment
The incineration treatment refers to the incineration treatment of the mixed sludge by a negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system, wherein the negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system refers to an incineration system for pre-drying the mixed sludge by adopting flue gas generated by incineration.
3. Flue gas purification treatment
The flue gas purification treatment comprises the following steps:
step a: the flue gas generated by incineration is subjected to heat exchange and is sent to a bag type dust remover through an induced draft fan to remove smoke dust, and the dust removal efficiency is more than 98%;
step b: c, spraying and desulfurizing the waste gas after dust removal in the step a, wherein the spraying liquid is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide can form sodium sulfite with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, sodium sulfite can be regenerated into sodium hydroxide through reaction with calcium hydroxide, so that the cyclic regeneration of the sodium hydroxide can be realized, the desulfurizing efficiency reaches 60%, and meanwhile, the residual smoke dust can be removed by the spraying liquid;
step c: the waste gas after desulfurization in the step b is subjected to wet denitration, nitrogen oxides in the flue gas are reduced into nitrogen by spraying urea solution and controlling the PH of the solution, so that the aim of denitration is fulfilled, and more than 80% of NO in the flue gas can be removed by the method x
Step d: c, delivering the flue gas subjected to denitration in the step c into a steam-water separator, separating water in the flue gas in the steam-water separator, and collecting the water for preparing polyaluminium chloride;
step e: and d, passing the flue gas treated in the step d through an activated carbon adsorber, and removing heavy metals and dioxin possibly remained in the flue gas through activated carbon adsorption to enable the flue gas to reach the standard.
Example 4
The harmless treatment method of the domestic sludge comprises the following steps:
1. dewatering pretreatment
Step 1: mixing domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride according to a mass ratio of 100:4:3, mixing, and dehydrating by a filter to obtain mud cakes with the water content of 63%, wherein the polyaluminium chloride is a polyaluminium chloride aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 30%;
step 2: and (2) mixing biomass carbon powder accounting for 7% of the original mass of the domestic sludge and bran hulls accounting for 4% of the original mass of the domestic sludge with the mud cake obtained in the step (1) according to the original mass of the domestic sludge to obtain mixed sludge.
In the step 1, the mass ratio of the domestic sludge to lime to polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is 100:4:3, can obviously reduce the viscosity of the domestic sludge and improve the dehydration rate, and can react with chlorine-containing and sulfur-containing compounds generated by the incineration of the domestic sludge in the incineration process to fix heavy metal components in the domestic sludge, thereby achieving the effects of dechlorination, desulfurization and heavy metal fixation, further breaking the precursor forming condition of dioxin, and the water content of the mud cake prepared in the step 1 can be reduced from about 80% to 63%, and the kinematic viscosity is 10700-11200 centipoise.
Mixing the first sludge with lime and polyaluminium chloride, wherein the polyaluminium chloride has the function of conditioning and dehydrating the sludge, so that a better dehydrating effect is achieved in the steel belt filter press, and the lime has the function of desulfurizing the sludge; before filter pressing, only polyaluminium chloride and lime are added, so that the addition of bran shells and biomass carbon at one time is avoided, the volume of filter pressing is increased, meanwhile, the water content of sludge is reduced from about 80% to about 60% during filter pressing, and the difficulty and energy consumption of filter pressing are further reduced. The dehydrated sludge has the advantages that the water content is reduced, the viscosity is reduced, the materials are more loose when the materials are mixed again, the materials are mixed with bran shells and biomass charcoal, the water content of the mixed sludge is reduced again, the combustion heat value of the sludge is improved, and the layering phenomenon caused by the property of lime, domestic sludge and polyaluminium chloride during filter pressing is avoided by secondary mixing, so that the materials are mixed more uniformly, and the full combustion of the mixed sludge is facilitated.
2. Incineration treatment
The incineration treatment refers to the incineration treatment of the mixed sludge by a negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system, wherein the negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system refers to an incineration system for pre-drying the mixed sludge by adopting flue gas generated by incineration.
3. Flue gas purification treatment
The flue gas purification treatment comprises the following steps:
step a: the flue gas generated by incineration is subjected to heat exchange and is sent to a bag type dust remover through an induced draft fan to remove smoke dust, and the dust removal efficiency is more than 98%;
step b: c, spraying and desulfurizing the waste gas after dust removal in the step a, wherein the spraying liquid is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide can form sodium sulfite with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, sodium sulfite can be regenerated into sodium hydroxide through reaction with calcium hydroxide, so that the cyclic regeneration of the sodium hydroxide can be realized, the desulfurizing efficiency reaches 60%, and meanwhile, the residual smoke dust can be removed by the spraying liquid;
step c: the waste gas after desulfurization in the step b is subjected to wet denitration, nitrogen oxides in the flue gas are reduced into nitrogen by spraying urea solution and controlling the PH of the solution, so that the aim of denitration is fulfilled, and more than 80% of NO in the flue gas can be removed by the method x
Step d: c, delivering the flue gas subjected to denitration in the step c into a steam-water separator, separating water in the flue gas in the steam-water separator, and collecting the water for preparing polyaluminium chloride;
step e: and d, passing the flue gas treated in the step d through an activated carbon adsorber, and removing heavy metals and dioxin possibly remained in the flue gas through activated carbon adsorption to enable the flue gas to reach the standard.
Example 5
Referring to fig. 1-2, the treatment system independently developed according to the above-mentioned harmless treatment method of domestic sludge includes a pretreatment system 1 for performing dehydration pretreatment on domestic sludge, a negative pressure circulation heat storage incineration system 2 for performing incineration treatment on mixed sludge, a residue treatment system 3, a flue gas purification system 4 for performing flue gas purification treatment on flue gas, and a central control system (not labeled) for monitoring and controlling the harmless treatment system of domestic sludge; the pretreatment system 1 includes: the system comprises a first mixer 13 for mixing domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride, a filter press 14 for filtering and pressing the sludge, a second mixer 15 for mixing mud cakes, biomass charcoal and chaff shells, a plurality of weighing scales 12 and a storage bin 11, wherein the first mixer 13, the filter press 14 and the second mixer 15 are sequentially connected through a conveying device 16, the first mixer and the second mixer are specifically biaxial spiral mixers, and the filter press is specifically a steel belt type filter press; the negative pressure circulation heat storage incineration system 2 comprises: an incineration device 20 having a distribution section 200, a preheating section 201, an ignition section 202, an incineration section 203, and a cooling section 204 in this order; a flue gas recirculation device 22 above the incineration section 203; a distributing device 21 above the distributing section 200 and an exhaust device 23 positioned in the preheating section 201, the ignition section 202, the burning section 203 and the cooling, the burning device 20 further comprises: a pre-heat shield above the pre-heat section 201, an igniter 205 above the ignition section 202, and a pre-heat recycle flue gas inlet 207 on the pre-heat shield 206 for entry of recycle flue gas from the incineration section 203; the smoke circulation device 22 comprises 3 independent smoke covers 222, the smoke covers 222 are provided with a circulation smoke inlet 220 and an air inlet 221, the circulation smoke inlet 220 enables smoke generated by burning to enter the burning device 20 for burning secondarily, and the air inlet 221 enables a large amount of air to flow into the burning device 20 to help the full burning of sludge; the air suction device 23 comprises 18 independent air suction hoods 230, an air suction pipe 231 is connected to the air suction hoods 230, and an air suction pump 232 is arranged on the air suction pipe 231; the flue gas purification system 4 sequentially comprises a heat exchanger, a cyclone separator, a desulfurizing tower, a denitration tower, a steam-water separator and an activated carbon adsorber; the residue treatment system 3 is used for making bricks and ceramsite from residues.
The harmless treatment system of the domestic sludge works in such a way that the domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride are weighed according to the mass ratio through a metering scale 12, conveyed to a first mixer 13 for mixing, uniformly stirred to obtain primary mixed sludge, and the primary mixed sludge is conveyed to a filter press 14 for preliminary dehydration, and then the water content is 68-73%, and the kinematic viscosity is 10000-11000 centipoises. Then the mixture enters a high-pressure area to be dehydrated continuously to obtain mud cakes, the water content of the mud cakes is reduced to about 60 percent, and the kinematic viscosity is 10500-11000 centipoises. And weighing biomass carbon powder and bran shells according to the original mass of the domestic sludge, and mixing the biomass carbon powder and the bran shells with mud cakes through a second mixer 15 to prepare mixed sludge. The mixed sludge is transported to the distributing device 210, and the material scattering device 210 at the lower end of the distributing device 210 breaks up the mixed sludge to enable the mixed sludge to be loosely and uniformly spread on the incineration trolley 208, wherein the thickness of the material layer is 700mm. The incineration carriage 208 slides to the preheating section 201, and at this time, the flue gas generated by the combustion in the incineration section 203 passes through the air draft device 23The air draft device 23 draws and ignites the smoke generated by incomplete combustion from the lower part of the ignition section 202 and transmits the smoke to the incineration section 203 to enable the smoke to burn secondarily, meanwhile, the ignition section 202 forms a negative pressure environment, a material layer is combusted from top to bottom, the material is transmitted to the incineration section 203, the temperature of the incineration section 203 is 800-1000 ℃, the incineration residue is transmitted to the cooling section 204 after the incineration is completed, and the temperature is reduced to 300-800 ℃. After cooling, the residue is transported to a residue treatment system 3, the residue is prepared into ceramic particles or bricks, and the section of flue gas enters a flue gas purification system 4 and sequentially enters a heat exchanger, a cyclone separator, a desulfurizing tower, a denitrating tower, a steam-water separator and an activated carbon adsorber. The flue gas generated by incineration enters a heat exchanger for heat exchange, then is sent to a cyclone separator through an induced draft fan and is removed by a mesh bag, the dust removal efficiency is more than 98%, the flue gas after dust removal enters a desulfurizing tower for spray desulfurization, the spray liquid is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide can form sodium sulfite with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, sodium sulfite can react with calcium hydroxide to regenerate sodium hydroxide, so that the cyclic regeneration of the sodium hydroxide can be realized, the sulfur removal efficiency reaches 60%, and meanwhile, the spray liquid can also remove residual dust; the waste gas after desulfurization enters a denitration tower for wet denitration, nitrogen oxides in the flue gas are reduced into nitrogen by spraying urea solution and controlling the PH of the solution, so that the aim of denitration is fulfilled, and more than 80% of NO in the flue gas can be removed by the method x The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Delivering the denitrated flue gas into a steam-water separator, separating water in the flue gas in the steam-water separator, and collecting the water for preparing polyaluminium chloride; and then, the flue gas passes through an activated carbon adsorber, and heavy metals and dioxin possibly remained in the flue gas are removed through activated carbon adsorption, so that the flue gas reaches the standard.
In the specific implementation, the first mixer and the second mixer can be coulter mixers, and the filter press can be plate and frame filter presses.
The treatment methods of examples 1-4 are adopted and applied to the treatment system of example 5, various indexes of incineration residues generated by treatment of the treatment system are detected, the residues of examples 1-4 can reach the following standards, the water content of the residues is less than 1%, and the ignition loss is less than or equal to 50%. The residue contaminant concentrations are shown in table 1 and the hygiene indicators are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 contaminant concentration
Sequence number Control item Limit value/(mg/kg residue)
1 Total cadmium <20
2 Total mercury <5
3 Total lead <300
4 Total chromium <1000
5 Total arsenic <75
6 Total nickel <200
7 Total zinc <4000
8 Total copper <1500
TABLE 2 hygiene index
Sequence number Control item Limit value
1 Fecal coliform value <0.01
2 Mortality rate of ascarid eggs >95%

Claims (8)

1. The harmless treatment method of the domestic sludge comprises a treatment method for carrying out dehydration pretreatment on the domestic sludge before incineration treatment, and is characterized by comprising the following two steps:
step 1: mixing domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride in proportion, and dehydrating to obtain mud cakes with the water content of 60-65%; wherein, the polyaluminium chloride has the function of tempering the sludge, and the lime has the function of desulfurizing the sludge;
step 2: according to the original mass of the domestic sludge, mixing biomass carbon powder accounting for 1-10% of the original mass of the domestic sludge and bran hulls accounting for 2-5% of the original mass of the domestic sludge with the mud cake obtained in the step 1 to obtain mixed sludge;
in the step 1, the mass ratio of the domestic sludge to the lime to the polyaluminium chloride is 100:1-10:1-6;
the innocent treatment system of innocent treatment method, including pretreatment systems (1) that carry out dehydration pretreatment to domestic sludge, carry out negative pressure circulation heat accumulation incineration system (2) that burn the treatment to mixed mud, residue processing system (3) and carry out flue gas purification treatment's flue gas purification system (4) to the flue gas, pretreatment systems (1) include: a first mixer (13) for mixing domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride, a filter press (14) for filter pressing sludge, a second mixer for mixing mud cakes, biomass carbon powder and chaff shells, a plurality of metering scales (12) and a storage bin (11), wherein the first mixer (13), the filter press (14) and the second mixer (15) are connected through a conveying device (16) in sequence;
the negative pressure circulation heat storage incineration system (2) comprises: the device comprises an incineration device (20) sequentially provided with a material distribution section (200), a preheating section (201), an ignition section (202), an incineration section (203) and a cooling section (204), a flue gas circulation device (22) above the incineration section (203), a material distribution device (210) above the material distribution section (200) and an exhaust device (23) positioned in the preheating section (201), the ignition section (202), the incineration section (203) and the cooling section (204); the incineration device (20) further comprises: a preheating hood (206) above the preheating section (201), an igniter (205) above the ignition section (202), an incineration trolley (208) capable of freely sliding on the distribution section (200), the preheating section (201), the ignition section (202), the incineration section (203) and the cooling section (204), and a preheating circulation flue gas inlet (207) on the preheating hood (206), wherein the preheating circulation flue gas inlet (207) is used for the entering of circulation flue gas from the incineration section (203).
2. The treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminum chloride in the step 1 is 100:5:3.
3. the treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the incineration treatment means incineration treatment of the mixed sludge by a negative pressure circulation heat storage incineration system, and the negative pressure circulation heat storage incineration system means an incineration system for predrying the mixed sludge by using flue gas generated by incineration.
4. The treatment method according to claim 1, further comprising a flue gas cleaning treatment and a residue treatment after the incineration treatment, the flue gas cleaning treatment comprising the steps of:
step a: the flue gas generated by incineration is subjected to heat exchange and is sent to a bag type dust collector through an induced draft fan to remove smoke dust;
step b: c, spraying and desulfurizing the waste gas after dust removal in the step a, wherein the spraying liquid is sodium hydroxide solution;
step c: b, carrying out wet denitration on the waste gas after desulfurization in the step, and reducing nitrogen oxides in the flue gas into nitrogen by spraying urea solution and controlling the PH of the solution;
step d: c, delivering the flue gas subjected to denitration in the step c into a steam-water separator, separating water in the flue gas in the steam-water separator, and preparing polyaluminium chloride;
step e: and d, passing the flue gas treated in the step d through an activated carbon adsorber, and removing heavy metals and dioxin possibly remained in the flue gas through activated carbon adsorption to enable the flue gas to reach the standard.
5. The processing method according to claim 1, wherein the first mixer (13) is a biaxial screw mixer or a coulter mixer, the second mixer (15) is a biaxial screw mixer or a coulter mixer, and the filter press (14) is a steel belt filter press or a plate-and-frame filter press.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the innocent treatment system for domestic sludge further comprises a central control system for monitoring and controlling the innocent treatment system for domestic sludge.
7. The treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flue gas circulation device (22) comprises a single or a plurality of independent flue gas hoods (222), the flue gas hoods (222) are provided with a circulating flue gas inlet (220) and an air inlet (221), the air suction device (23) comprises three or more independent air suction hoods (230), an air suction pipe (231) is connected to the air suction hoods (230), and an air suction pump (232) is arranged on the air suction pipe (231); an exhaust hood (230) below the ignition section (202) is communicated with a first flue gas hood (222) above the burning section (203), a last exhaust hood (230) below the burning section (203) is communicated with a preheating hood (206), and an exhaust hood (230) below the cooling section (204) is communicated with a flue gas purifying system (4).
8. The treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flue gas cleaning system (4) comprises, in order, a heat exchanger, a cyclone, a desulfurizing tower, a denitrating tower, a steam-water separator, an activated carbon adsorber.
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