CN107466971B - 更高有益物质含量的白蚁的饲养方法及饲养的白蚁及应用 - Google Patents
更高有益物质含量的白蚁的饲养方法及饲养的白蚁及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107466971B CN107466971B CN201710816258.2A CN201710816258A CN107466971B CN 107466971 B CN107466971 B CN 107466971B CN 201710816258 A CN201710816258 A CN 201710816258A CN 107466971 B CN107466971 B CN 107466971B
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Abstract
本发明涉及白蚁养殖技术领域以及白蚁保健品技术领域。一种更高有益物质含量的白蚁的饲养方法，是用薇甘菊作为饲料喂食白蚁。进一步的，所述白蚁为台湾乳白蚁。与现有技术获得的白蚁相比，本发明获得的白蚁半乳糖通路、TCA循环通路、嘧啶通路受到调控改变，有机酸类、糖类、嘧啶核苷类、TCA中间产物、氨基酸类6类物质受到影响，表现出尿苷、丝氨酸、苯基丙氨酸、丙酮酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、肌醇、乳糖等物质的高效表达，显著改变原有白蚁虫体的营养价值，更适合作为白蚁保健品的有效成分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及白蚁养殖技术领域以及白蚁保健品技术领域。
背景技术
白蚁是一种重要的资源昆虫，具有显著的营养价值和药用价值。世界各地均有食用白蚁的习俗，我国食用白蚁在《周礼·天宫》、《本草纲目》等古籍中多有记载，我国白蚁资源丰富，其食用与药用价值越来越受到关注（黄亮文和林琼芳，1989；曹娟等，2006，Banjoet al., 2006）。目前利用白蚁的虫体、菌圃及体外共生真菌，加工的产品有白蚁酒、白蚁茶、白蚁口服液、白蚁干粉胶囊、蚁巢胶囊等。但是，白蚁产品的功效报道有余，而活性成分认识不足，主要集中于白蚁的氨基酸、脂肪酸、维生素、微量元素等成分，特别是不饱和脂肪酸。其次，白蚁来源不详，更缺乏不用饲养条件对白蚁食用与药用活性成分影响的认识。
不同的寄主或食物对白蚁生理生化条件具有显著的影响（Wu et al., 2016）。台湾乳白蚁是白蚁食用与药用研发的重要白蚁物种之一，目前，台湾乳白蚁饲养传统上主要使用松木板，本发明通过使用完全不同的取食材料，使得台湾乳白蚁体内诸多有益活性成分更高效表达，其饲养与高效表达的活性物质完全不同于现有技术。
发明内容
基于此，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种更高有益物质含量的白蚁的饲养方法，该饲养方法饲养的白蚁，以及该白蚁的应用。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案是：
一种更高有益物质含量的白蚁的饲养方法，是用薇甘菊作为饲料喂食白蚁。
进一步的，所述白蚁为台湾乳白蚁。
上述更高有益物质含量的白蚁的饲养方法为：
（1）将薇甘菊烘干并制作成薇甘菊粉或薇甘菊渣；
（2）加入粘合剂混匀；
（3）将步骤（2）的混合材料加入2-3倍重量的水，混匀并压平，制作成薇甘菊饼，适度风干后使用；
（4）将薇甘菊饼作为饲料饲喂白蚁10-30 d。
进一步的，所述粘合剂为黄原胶，薇甘菊粉或薇甘菊渣与黄原胶的重量比为95~100:1。
进一步的，所述薇甘菊饼尺寸为10 cm × 5 cm ×1 cm。
一种上述饲养方法饲养的白蚁。
上述白蚁的应用，是磨成粉或提取出有效成分，作为保健品的功效成分。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
与现有技术获得的白蚁相比，本发明获得的白蚁半乳糖通路、TCA循环通路、嘧啶通路受到调控改变，有机酸类、糖类、嘧啶核苷类、TCA中间产物、氨基酸类6类物质受到影响，表现出尿苷、丝氨酸、苯基丙氨酸、丙酮酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、肌醇、乳糖等物质的高效表达，显著改变原有白蚁虫体的营养价值，更适合作为白蚁保健品的有效成分。
附图说明
图1为松木处理组对薇甘菊处理组的通路分析图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的说明。
实施例1
一种白蚁粉，作为功效成分加入保健品中。该白蚁粉所用白蚁是用薇甘菊饲料得到的台湾乳白蚁，具体饲养方法为：
（1）将薇甘菊烘干、粉碎，过80目筛，成为薇甘菊粉或薇甘菊渣备用；
（2）将薇甘菊粉或薇甘菊渣99份，混入食用黄原胶1份，混合均匀；
（3）将上述混合材料加入2-3倍重量的水，混匀并压平，制作成10 cm × 5 cm ×1cm方薇甘菊饼，适度风干；
（4）将薇甘菊饼作为饲料饲喂白蚁10-30 d。
经薇甘菊饼饲喂的乳白蚁通过低温真空干燥，加工成白蚁粉，并加入其它辅料制备成保健品。
下面通过实验证明本发明的效果。
设置单纯松木粉处理为对照组（S组）和一个经薇甘菊饲养的为处理组（W组），每个处理6个重复。为了比较分析处理组对白蚁代谢产物的影响，检测数据结果进行峰提取，基线矫正，峰对齐及定性定量。峰对齐时运用保留时间指数法，参数设置为5000，过滤在质控中出峰量少于50%的峰。
经液氮淬灭的待检测样品，进行样品的分离提纯和衍生化。各处理称量白蚁样本质量30 mg于EP管中，加入0.4 mL提取液，再加入20 μL L-2-氯苯丙氨酸，涡旋10s，加入瓷珠，45 Hz研磨仪处理4min，超声5 min（冰水浴），4℃条件下，13000 rmp 离心15 min，取0.36 mL上层透明滤液于2mL进样瓶中，从每个进样瓶中移取30uL上清液，涡旋10s，在真空浓缩器中干燥提取物，加入30uL甲氧胺盐试剂，混匀，于80℃烘箱中孵30min，每个样品中迅速加入40uL BSTFA，70℃条件下孵育1.5h。采用气相色谱GC-TOF-MS（GC色谱仪Agilent7890B, Agilent, USA，质谱仪LECO Chroma TOF PEGASUS HT, LECO, USA）检测。上机检测分析条件，进样量：1 μL；载气：氦气；前进样口吹扫流速：3 mL min−1；柱流速：1 mL min−1；柱温：50 ℃保持1 min，以10 ℃每分钟的速率上升至310 ℃，保持8分钟；前进样口温度：280 ℃；传输线温度：270 ℃；离子源温度：220 ℃；电离电压：-70 eV；扫描方式：50-500 m/z；扫描速率：20 spectra/sec；溶剂延迟：455 s。
单变量统计分析使用t检验Student`s t-test），多元变量统计分析使用主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析OPLS-DA分析，经200次建立对应的OPLS-DA模型并获取随机模型的R2和Q2值，进行OPLS-DA置换检验。显著差异代谢产物筛选条件为检验p值小于0.05，同时模型第一主成分的变量投影重要度VIP大于1.3。具有生理活性作用的有机酸类、糖类、嘧啶核苷类、TCA中间产物、氨基酸等代谢产物稳定增加，差异代谢物比较筛选的主要结果和参数如下（表1）：
代谢通路分析的结果以气泡图进行展示。气泡图中每一个气泡代表一个代谢通路，气泡所在横坐标和气泡大小表示该通路在拓扑分析中的影响因子大小，大小越大影响因子越大；气泡所在纵坐标和气泡颜色表示富集分析的P值（取负自然底对数，即-ln P-value），颜色越深P值越小，富集程度越显著。综合考虑富集分析和拓扑分析后，对重要性的通路进行了标注（图1），说明白蚁的嘧啶代谢、三羧酸循环代谢、半乳糖代谢，以及糖酵解和糖异生作用受到显著调节。
Claims (5)
1.一种更高有益物质含量的白蚁的饲养方法，其特征在于：是以薇甘菊作为饲料喂食白蚁，具体方法为：
（1）将薇甘菊烘干并制作成薇甘菊粉或薇甘菊渣；
（2）加入粘合剂混匀；
（3）将步骤（2）的混合材料加入2-3倍重量的水，混匀并压平，制作成薇甘菊饼，适度风干后使用；
（4）将薇甘菊饼作为饲料饲喂白蚁10-30 d；
获得的白蚁半乳糖通路、TCA循环通路、嘧啶通路受到调控改变，有机酸类、糖类、嘧啶核苷类、TCA中间产物、氨基酸类6类物质受到影响，表现出尿苷、丝氨酸、肌醇、苯丙氨酸、谷氨基酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、核糖、丙酮酸、棕榈酸、异麦芽糖、乳糖、帕拉金糖、核糖酸、阿糖醇、山梨醇的高效表达，显著改变原有白蚁虫体的营养价值，更适合作为白蚁保健品的有效成分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的更高有益物质含量的白蚁的饲养方法，其特征在于：所述白蚁为台湾乳白蚁。
3.根据权利要求1所述的更高有益物质含量的白蚁的饲养方法，其特征在于：所述粘合剂为黄原胶，薇甘菊粉或薇甘菊渣与黄原胶的重量比为95~100:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的更高有益物质含量的白蚁的饲养方法，其特征在于：所述薇甘菊饼尺寸为10 cm × 5 cm ×1 cm。
5.一种根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的更高有益物质含量的饲养方法饲养而成的白蚁，应用于磨成粉或提取出有效成分，作为保健品的功效成分。
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