CN107456952A - 一种捕光释氧纸质涂层材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种捕光释氧纸质涂层材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种捕光释氧纸质涂层材料的制备方法,该方法直接将新鲜提取的完整叶绿体与亲水性纳米二氧化钛充分混合均匀,再通过亲水性滤纸抽滤,从而制备得到具有捕光和释氧功能的仿生纸质涂层材料,该方法在离体叶绿体与纳米二氧化钛的复合体系中,利用二氧化钛的紫外光催化活性,增加叶绿体的光吸收,降低光合作用产生的活性氧自由基,从而在光照条件下实现氧气释放。本发明所用原料属生物材料,绿色环保,价廉易得,制备方法简单,且得到的纸质涂层具有稳定的捕光性能和一定的释氧作用,在空气净化和广告展板涂层领域有着潜在的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物纳米材料技术领域,具体涉及一种具有捕光和释氧功能的仿生纸质涂层材料的制备方法。
背景技术
叶绿体作为自然界植物细胞中进行光合作用的细胞器,由叶绿体外被、类囊体和基质三部分构成,存在于细胞基质中,其所含有的叶绿素能够捕获光能,吸收二氧化碳,同时在类囊体内膜处发生水分解,释放出氧气。然而离体叶绿体对周围环境非常敏感,存活时间较短,在可见光区有强吸收,光合作用产生的超氧自由基(·O2)、羟基自由基(·OH)和丙二醛的积累会加速叶绿体的死亡,从而降低植物光合作用,研究表明二氧化钛(尤其是金红石和锐钛矿型)因其良好的生物相容性、无毒性和较高的紫外光催化活性,可以显著提高叶绿素合成,增强光吸收强度,并清除活性氧自由基,减弱光抑制,当其与叶绿体充分混合,在光照条件下电子被激发并传递,从而增强光能捕获,加快氧的释放和水的光分解,可在一定时间内达到净化空气的效果。例如,Fashui Hong等人(Biological Element Research,2005,104,249-260)报道了一种通过纳米二氧化钛溶液浸泡菠菜种子,然后在适宜的温度、湿度和光照等条件下,利用培养皿培育出菠菜幼苗,在六叶阶段用二氧化钛溶液进行喷雾生长,并提取叶绿体,有利地证实了二氧化钛能够促进植物光合作用,但实验操作过程繁琐,试剂选择复杂,且没有应用于具有仿生捕光和释氧功能的纸质涂层领域。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种操作简单、原材料廉价易得且环保易降解、具有捕光和释氧功能的仿生纸质涂层材料的制备方法。
解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案由下述步骤组成:
1、从绿色植物中提取完整叶绿体,将叶绿体分散于pH=7.6的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,制成叶绿体悬浮液。
2、将亲水性纳米二氧化钛分散于去离子水中,制成二氧化钛水溶液,将叶绿体悬浮液与二氧化钛水溶液充分混合均匀,所得混合液中叶绿体与二氧化钛的质量比为1:(2×10-6~1×10-5);然后将所得混合液用孔径为1~2μm的亲水性滤纸抽滤,得到捕光释氧纸质涂层材料。
上述步骤1中,所述的绿色植物为苹果树叶、拟南芥、菠菜叶中的任意一种。
上述步骤2中,所得混合液中叶绿体与二氧化钛的质量比优选为1:(6×10-6~8×10-6),所得混合液中叶绿体的浓度优选为0.5~2mg/mL、叶绿体的浓度优选为1~1.5mg/mL。
上述步骤2中,所述的亲水性纳米二氧化钛是金红石型和/或锐钛矿型亲水性纳米二氧化钛,其平均直径为100nm以下;所述的亲水性滤纸是表面修饰有羧基、氨基、羟基中任意一种亲水性基团或两种以上亲水性基团的滤纸。
本发明捕光释氧纸质涂层材料以黑色塑料薄膜为隔层,在4℃低温避光保存。
本发明直接将新鲜提取的完整叶绿体与亲水性纳米二氧化钛充分混合均匀,利用孔径为1~2μm的滤纸抽滤,即可制备成具有捕光和释氧功能的仿生纸质涂层材料。与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下突出优点:
1、本发明是以具有生物活性的完整叶绿体和具有大比表面积的纳米二氧化钛晶体为原料,原料廉价易得,在滤纸上有良好的吸附作用,而且制备方法简便,可操作性强。
2、本发明纸质涂层材料利用离体叶绿体作为捕光和释氧的主要场所,并利用二氧化钛的紫外光催化活性,在光照条件下不仅可以提高叶绿体的捕光性能,而且能够清除活性氧自由基,降低光抑制,稳定叶绿体膜的结构,从而促进光和作用。
3、本发明纸质涂层材料环境降解零代价且价廉易得,纸质基质柔软,可折叠,可应用于空气净化和广告展板涂层领域。
附图说明
图1是实施例1~4中抽滤后所得滤液的紫外光谱跟踪图。
图2是对比例和实施例1~4得到的纸质涂层材料的紫外光谱跟踪图。
图3是对比例和实施例1~4得到的纸质涂层材料的单位释氧量对比图。
图4是实施例3得到的纸质涂层材料在不同光照时间的紫外光谱跟踪图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实例对本发明进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围不仅限于这些实施例。
实施例1
称取新鲜菠菜叶片20g剪碎放入研钵中,加入60mL冰冷提取液(含0.4mol/L蔗糖、0.1mol/L氯化钠的0.05mol/L pH=7.6磷酸盐缓冲溶液)快速研磨2分钟成浆,用6层纱布过滤,滤液300r/min离心5分钟,弃沉淀,上清液1000r/min离心5分钟,得到完整的叶绿体;取5mg叶绿体,加入到4mL 0.05mol/L pH=7.6磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,混合均匀,得到叶绿体悬浮液;称取2×10-4mg粒径为25nm的P25型纳米二氧化钛粉末,加入1mL去离子水中,室温超声分散60分钟,得到二氧化钛水溶液;将4mL叶绿体悬浮液和50μL二氧化钛水溶液充分混合均匀,所得混合液中叶绿体与二氧化钛的质量比为1:2×10-6;然后将所得混合液用直径为5cm、孔径为2μm的亲水性滤纸(表面修饰羧基和氨基的滤纸)抽滤1分钟,得到捕光释氧纸质涂层材料。
实施例2
本实施例中,将4mL叶绿体悬浮液和100μL二氧化钛水溶液充分混合均匀,所得混合液中叶绿体与二氧化钛的质量比为1:4×10-6,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到捕光释氧纸质涂层材料。
实施例3
本实施例中,将4mL叶绿体悬浮液和150μL二氧化钛水溶液充分混合均匀,所得混合液中叶绿体与二氧化钛的质量比为1:6×10-6,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到捕光释氧纸质涂层材料。
实施例4
本实施例中,将4mL叶绿体悬浮液和200μL二氧化钛水溶液充分混合均匀,所得混合液中叶绿体与二氧化钛的质量比为1:8×10-6,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到捕光释氧纸质涂层材料。
对比例
按照实施例1的方法制备叶绿体悬浮液,将4mL叶绿体悬浮液用直径为5cm、孔径为2μm的亲水性滤纸(表面修饰羧基和氨基的滤纸)抽滤1分钟,得到纸质涂层材料。
发明人对上述实施例1~4抽滤后得到的滤液进行紫外光谱跟踪,从图1中可以看出滤液的紫外吸收强度很低,且在680nm处未出现叶绿素的吸收峰,说明抽滤过程基本不会造成体系中叶绿体和二氧化钛纳米颗粒含量的损失,抽滤后叶绿体和二氧化钛都吸附在滤纸上。同时也间接证明了叶绿体与二氧化钛纳米粒子有很好的相互作用。
由于实施例1~4制备的纸质涂层材料不透光,而抽滤后叶绿体和二氧化钛都吸附在滤纸上,为了证明所得纸质涂层材料具有捕光和释氧作用,所以发明人对实施例1~4中抽滤前的混合液的紫外吸收进行光谱跟踪,同时对抽滤后的纸质涂层材料进行单位释氧量的测定,并与对比例的叶绿体悬浮液做对比,结果见图2和3。从图2中可以看出,加入二氧化钛纳米颗粒的叶绿体混合液,不仅在680nm处有叶绿素可见光的吸收峰,而且随二氧化钛加入量的增加,光的吸收强度也显著增强。从图3中可以看出,加入二氧化钛的叶绿体混合液相比于未加二氧化钛的叶绿体样品其单位释氧量有明显增加,即证明本发明制备的纸质涂层材料具有仿生捕光和释氧作用。
随后,发明人将实施例3中的叶绿体与二氧化钛的混合液在自然光照下,对不同光照时间的紫外吸收进行跟踪,从图4中可以看出在680nm处出现叶绿素吸收峰,且吸收强度变化不大,说明本发明所得纸质涂层材料具有稳定的捕光性能。
Claims (8)
1.一种捕光释氧纸质涂层材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
(1)从绿色植物中提取完整叶绿体,将叶绿体分散于pH=7.6的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,制成叶绿体悬浮液;
(2)将亲水性纳米二氧化钛分散于去离子水中,制成二氧化钛水溶液,将叶绿体悬浮液与二氧化钛水溶液充分混合均匀,所得混合液中叶绿体与二氧化钛的质量比为1:(2×10-6~1×10-5);然后将所得混合液用孔径为1~2μm的亲水性滤纸抽滤,得到捕光释氧纸质涂层材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的捕光释氧纸质涂层材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(1)中,所述的绿色植物为苹果树叶、拟南芥、菠菜叶中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的捕光释氧纸质涂层材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2)中,所得混合液中叶绿体与二氧化钛的质量比为1:(6×10-6~8×10-6)。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的捕光释氧纸质涂层材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2)中,所得混合液中叶绿体的浓度为0.5~2mg/mL。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的捕光释氧纸质涂层材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2)中,所得混合液中叶绿体的浓度为1~1.5mg/mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的捕光释氧纸质涂层材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的亲水性纳米二氧化钛是金红石型和/或锐钛矿型亲水性纳米二氧化钛,其平均直径为100nm以下。
7.根据权利要求1所述的捕光释氧纸质涂层材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的亲水性滤纸是表面修饰有羧基、氨基、羟基中任意一种亲水性基团或两种以上亲水性基团的滤纸。
8.根据权利要求1所述的捕光释氧纸质涂层材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述捕光释氧纸质涂层材料以黑色塑料薄膜为隔层,在4℃低温避光保存。
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