CN107455375A - 高效环保二氯吡啶酸水剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种高效环保二氯吡啶酸水剂及其制备方法和应用，属于农药制剂领域。所述高效环保二氯吡啶酸水剂，由以下重量百分比组分组成：二氯吡啶酸10‑40％、月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱1‑15％、氮酮1‑15％、吡咯烷酮羧酸钠1‑10％、几丁聚糖1‑5％、水补足100％。本发明用于防治油菜、玉米、草坪中的阔叶杂草，制剂组分体系合理，在靶标作物上的浸润时间长，对环境污染小。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药制剂领域，特别是指一种高效环保二氯吡啶酸水剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
二氯吡啶酸是一种人工合成的植物生长激素，它的化学结构和许多天然的植物生长激素类似，但在植物的组织内具有更好的持久性。它主要通过植物的根和叶进行吸收然后在植物体内进行传导，所以其传导性能较强。对杂草施药后，它被植物的叶片或根部吸收，在植物体中上下移动并迅速传导到整个植株。
二氯吡啶酸通过抑制细胞的分裂和生长，有效防除油菜、玉米、草坪等田间杂草，因其传导能力较强，对多年生深根杂草有效果，其杀草的作用机制为促进植物核酸的形成，产生过量的核糖核酸，致使根部生长过量，茎及叶生长畸形，养分消耗，维管束输导功能受阻，导致杂草死亡。
二氯吡啶酸除草剂，在目前的油菜田杂草管理体系中起到非常重要的作用，能有效提高防治效果和减轻劳动强度。有研究表明，空气湿度较高可提高杂草对药剂的吸收与传导，这是因为在这种条件下，植株表皮是亲水性的，可以延长药液浸润叶片的时间，所以水溶性除草剂，如二氯吡啶酸就很容易进入到叶片中。如果在湿度较低的情况下，表皮干燥，植株气孔关闭，其对二氯吡啶酸的吸收明显减少，从而造成药效不能正常发挥。
而光照和温度与施药环境有关，在制剂领域，通过特殊的助剂，延长药剂浸润叶片的时间，可以很好的提高二氯吡啶酸的药效。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供可以提高二氯吡啶酸药效，污染小的高效环保二氯吡啶酸水剂及其制备方法和应用。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供技术方案如下：
一方面，提供一种高效环保的二氯吡啶酸水剂，由以下重量百分比组分组成：二氯吡啶酸10-40％、月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱1-15％、氮酮1-15％、吡咯烷酮羧酸钠1-10％、几丁聚糖1-5％、水补足100％。
进一步的，所述的高效环保的二氯吡啶酸水剂，由以下重量百分比组分组成：二氯吡啶酸30％、月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱5-15％、氮酮1-10％、吡咯烷酮羧酸钠3-8％、几丁聚糖2-5％、水补足100％。
进一步的，所述水为自来水、去离子水。
本发明通过筛选得到一种高效的二氯吡啶酸水剂，其中，月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱和氮酮是一种具有优良的乳化、润湿、增溶性能，水溶性好，抗硬水性强，生物降解度高的表面活性剂，符合水基型农药对助剂的要求；吡咯烷酮羧酸钠及几丁聚糖均具有较强的保湿性能，且吡咯烷酮羧酸钠还具有可以从空气中吸收水分的性能，降低了水分、光照以及温度对二氯吡啶酸水剂的影响，提高二氯吡啶酸的药效。
另一方面，本发明还提供上述高效环保的二氯吡啶酸水剂的制备方法，包括：将二氯吡啶酸、月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、氮酮、吡咯烷酮羧酸钠、几丁聚糖以及去离子水加入调配釜内，开启搅拌机，搅拌均匀后，即得。
再一方面，本发明还提供上述高效环保的二氯吡啶酸水剂应用于防治油菜、玉米、草坪中的阔叶杂草。
进一步的，所述阔叶杂草为刺儿菜、苣荬菜、稻槎菜、鬼针草、繁缕、泥胡菜、大巢菜、田旋花等菊科、豆科杂草。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明合理调整各组分含量，不但可以延长药剂的浸润时间，还可以延长二氯吡啶酸的持效时间，能够很好的提高二氯吡啶酸的药效，同时降低二氯吡啶酸在土壤中的残留，提高了药剂的使用安全性；
2、通过添加表面活性剂月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱，具有较好的抗硬水性能，此外，氮酮还可以促进除草剂对杂草的渗透，润湿植物叶面，两者均可以起到降低药物与作物叶片表面蜡质层间的界面张力和接触角的作用，且生物降解性能好，不会对环境造成二次污染；
3、本发明几丁聚糖中富含OH及NH2等极性基团除具有很强的吸湿性能，同时含有Na+的吡咯烷酮羧酸钠极易与水形成分子键，增加了二氯吡啶酸药剂的稳定性，使其具备优良的保湿性能，延长二氯吡啶酸的持效期，并且在作物体内以稳定的形式存在，不易挥发，提高二氯吡啶酸的安全性能。
具体实施方式
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合具体实施例进行详细描述。
本发明针对现有技术中，二氯吡啶酸在靶标作物上的浸润时间短，对杂草药效差，存在污染的问题，提供一种高效环保的二氯吡啶酸水剂及其制备方法和应用。
1、具体实施例
实施例1
高效环保的二氯吡啶酸水剂，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：二氯吡啶酸40％，月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱10％，氮酮5％，吡咯烷酮羧酸钠5％、几丁聚糖2％，自来水补足100％。
制备方法为：上述原料按照重量份称好后，加入调配釜内，开启搅拌机，搅拌均匀后，经质检合格后既得。
实施例2
高效环保的二氯吡啶酸水剂，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：二氯吡啶酸30％，月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱10％，氮酮10％，吡咯烷酮羧酸钠5％、几丁聚糖5％，自来水补足100％。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
高效环保的二氯吡啶酸水剂，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：二氯吡啶酸10％，月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱15％，氮酮15％，吡咯烷酮羧酸钠10％、几丁聚糖5％，自来水补足100％。
制备方法同实施例1。
为了进一步说明本发明的有益效果，仅以实施例2的二氯吡啶酸水剂为例设置相关的对比例。
对比例1
30％二氯吡啶酸水剂，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：二氯吡啶酸30％，十二醇聚氧乙烯醚10％，十二烷基苯磺酸钠10％，聚乙二醇5％，羟丙基β-环糊精5％，水补足100％。
对比例2
30％二氯吡啶酸水剂，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：二氯吡啶酸30％，月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱20％，几丁聚糖5％，自来水补足100％。
对比例3
30％二氯吡啶酸水剂，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：二氯吡啶酸30％，氮酮20％，几丁聚糖5％，自来水补足100％。
对比例4
30％二氯吡啶酸水剂，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：二氯吡啶酸30％，月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱10％，氮酮10％，自来水补足100％。
2、二氯吡啶酸水剂的主要物理指标测试
测定实施例1-3及对比例1-4制备出的二氯吡啶酸水剂，及对照药剂(30％二氯吡啶酸水剂，重庆双丰化工有限公司生产)的热贮稳定性、冷贮稳定性、粘度、表面张力及对叶片的渗透时间等指标，具体数据见表1。
表1二氯吡啶酸水剂的质量指标
注：稀释稳定性在标准硬水稀释200倍液测定。
从表1中的指标可以看出，与对比例1-4及对照药剂相比，实施例1-3的水剂粘度和表面张力均有所降低，对作物的渗透时间缩短了，提高了药剂的药效。
3、田间药效试验
供试药剂：实施例1-3及对比例1-4的二氯吡啶酸水剂；
对照药剂：30％二氯吡啶酸水剂(重庆双丰化工有限公司生产)；
防除对象：刺儿菜、繁缕、田旋花、泥胡菜。
试验方法：试验于非耕地内进行，每个组别处理3次重复，处理面积约为50m2，按照试验小区的面积，准确称量好各种药剂，喷雾处理。统计给药后30d杂草死亡情况，比较各种药剂的除草活性，结果见表2。
表2本发明的水剂药后30天除草效果
大田试验结果表明，本发明的水剂对杂草的防治效果较好，实施例1-3的二氯吡啶酸水剂对刺儿菜、繁缕、田旋花、泥胡菜的防治效果明显的优于对比例1-4和对照药剂；原因在于本申请的水剂采用优选的助剂，增加了药剂在靶标作物上的浸润和延展性，同时还降低了二氯吡啶酸的光解，延长了持效期，从而使防治效果提高。
综上所述，本发明的水剂，组分合理，稳定性好，浸润和延展性好，同时对环境无污染，对人畜安全，适宜推广，特别适用于防治油菜、玉米、草坪中的阔叶杂草。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种高效环保的二氯吡啶酸水剂，其特征在于，由以下重量百分比组分组成：二氯吡啶酸10-40％、月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱1-15％、氮酮1-15％、吡咯烷酮羧酸钠1-10％、几丁聚糖1-5％、水补足100％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高效环保的二氯吡啶酸水剂，其特征在于，由以下重量百分比组分组成：二氯吡啶酸30％、月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱5-15％、氮酮1-10％、吡咯烷酮羧酸钠3-8％、几丁聚糖2-5％、水补足100％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的高效环保的二氯吡啶酸水剂，其特征在于，所述水为自来水或去离子水。
4.权利要求1-3任一所述的高效环保的二氯吡啶酸水剂的制备方法，其特征在于，将二氯吡啶酸、月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、氮酮、吡咯烷酮羧酸钠、几丁聚糖以及水加入调配釜内，开启搅拌机，搅拌均匀后，即得。
5.权利要求1-3任一所述的高效环保的二氯吡啶酸水剂的应用，其特征在于，应用于防治油菜、玉米、草坪中的阔叶杂草。
6.根据权利要求5所述的高效环保的二氯吡啶酸水剂的应用，其特征在于，所述阔叶杂草为刺儿菜、苣荬菜、稻槎菜、鬼针草、繁缕、泥胡菜、大巢菜、田旋花。
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