CN107455038A - A kind of soil moved in improve the original modification method for lifting Loess Region newly-increased farmland forage rape yield - Google Patents
A kind of soil moved in improve the original modification method for lifting Loess Region newly-increased farmland forage rape yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN107455038A CN107455038A CN201710833880.4A CN201710833880A CN107455038A CN 107455038 A CN107455038 A CN 107455038A CN 201710833880 A CN201710833880 A CN 201710833880A CN 107455038 A CN107455038 A CN 107455038A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the soil moved in improve the original modification method that a kind of lifting Loess Region Zhi Gou makes ground newly-increased farmland forage rape yield, and its step includes：(1), choose Loess Region Zhi Gou and make the target area of ground newly-increased farmland field as improvement plot, and determine selected improvement block area S；(2) the Epileistocene Q3 Malan loess of scheduled volume, is taken as soil moved in improve the original according to the area in selected improvement plot；(3), the soil moved in improve the original of step (2) determined amount is carried out being crushed to particle diameter and is less than 3cm, field need to be improved by being uniformly laid on, and be sufficiently mixed；(4) applications of farmyard manure and/or composite fertilizer are turned over as base fertilizer using rotary cultivator；(5) forage rape plantation is carried out on the improvement plot after turning over.This method convenient material drawing, cost are cheap, can improved soil quality rapidly, strengthen permeable aeration and gas porosity, provide tilth to a soil, improve forage rape quality and yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture and land engineering field, and in particular to one kind lifting Loess Region Zhi Gou increases newly cultivated with making
The soil moved in improve the original modification method of ground forage rape yield.
Background technology
Loess hilly-gully region Liang Mao interlocks, ravines and guillies criss-cross, is China's soil erosion area the most serious.In recent years
Come, center supports yan-an city Zhi Gou to make ground land control large project, for the optimization loess plateau structure of agricultural production, improves
Land utilization efficiency provides new opportunity with ecological effect.The newly-increased farmland soil body is built and its rapid aging, is that raceway groove soil is whole
Control and its important foundation of soil sustainable utilization.
Research both at home and abroad to arable land rapid aging and increased quality is more early, but is concentrated mainly on salinization soil, pollution
Soil, mining are destroyed in the transformation research of soil and middle-and-low-yielding fields, and the research that newly-increased farmland is renovated for raceway groove is less.Soil moved in improve the original
Improved method gradually receives extensive concern both domestic and external due to the advantage such as cost is low, profitable, easily operated.In November, 2015
What the Ministry of Agriculture issued《Instruction on " camber " regional forage rape structural adjustment》Point out, current China's forage rape
Supply exceed demand, and planting benefit reduces, and needs Optimization Planting structure and Regional Distribution badly.Northern cross region between farmland and grassland is connection agricultural planting
Area and the zone of transition in grassland ecology area, its comparative advantage are the coordination of farming and animal husbandry, should actively develop forage grass plantation and forage rape,
Realize that the type of combining planting and breeding adjusts, the utilization ratio that ditch makes raceway groove soil behind ground is controlled in raising, promotes specialization, the modern times of raceway groove agricultural
Change, multi-functional transition.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of lifting Loess Region Zhi Gou to make ground newly-increased farmland forage rape yield
Soil moved in improve the original modification method, Xiang Zhigou makes ground newly-increased farmland and adds the cheap Malan loess of convenient material drawing, cost, and combines and turn over, apply
The agronomic measures such as fertilizer, increase soil silt content, improve water flowing gas permeability, improved soil tilth, improve forage rape yield.
Specifically, the present invention provides a kind of soil moved in improve the original improvement side for lifting Loess Region newly-increased farmland forage rape yield
Method, it is characterised in that the described method comprises the following steps：
(1), choose Loess Region Zhi Gou and make the target area conduct improvement plot of ground newly-increased farmland field, and determine institute
Choosing improvement block area S；
(2) the Epileistocene Q3 Malan loess of scheduled volume, is taken as soil moved in improve the original according to the area in selected improvement plot；
(3), the soil moved in improve the original of step (2) determined amount carrying out being crushed to particle diameter and is less than 3cm, field need to be improved by being uniformly laid on,
It is sufficiently mixed；
(4) applications of farmyard manure and/or composite fertilizer are turned over as base fertilizer using rotary cultivator；
(5) forage rape plantation is carried out on the improvement plot after turning over.
In a kind of preferred implementation, the soil after the soil moved in improve the original modification method improvement is meta-alkalescence soil.
In another preferred implementation, in step (2), the mechanical composition of the soil moved in improve the original is, clay content is 3%~
5%, silt content is 60%~70%, and sand grain content is 27%~35%.
In another preferred implementation, in step (3), the soil moved in improve the original thickness of earth covering is 0cm-5cm.
In another preferred implementation, in step (4), the powder particle diameter of the soil moved in improve the original is less than 3cm.
In another preferred implementation, in the step (4), the ploughed depth is 30cm.
In another preferred implementation, selected forage rape kind is magnificent miscellaneous No. 62 of oil.
In a kind of preferred implementation, after improvement field soil mechanical composition be：Particle diameter<0.002mm clay contains
Amount between 4% and 6%, the content of 0.002~0.05mm of particle diameter powder between 65% and 70%, particle diameter 0.05
The content of~2mm sand grains is between 20%~35%, using the soil improvement mode, does not carry out the experimental plot of soil moved in improve the original improvement
The total fresh weight of forage rape is about 2500kg, and is covered with the experimental plot yield height for stating 0~5cm of particle size range Malan loess and admaic earth
Up to 2800-3000kg or so, increase 400kg compared with undisturbed soil, effect of increasing production is obvious, and economic benefit lifting is notable.
The remarkable result of the present invention is：This method convenient material drawing, simple to operate, cost is cheap, and can increase sharply ditch
Road newly-increased farmland soil silt content, improve soil permeability gas permeability, promote the growth of forage rape breeding time, can significantly carry
Forage rape yield is risen, increases utilization rate of fertilizer.
Loess Region Malan loess is widely distributed, has different soil characteristic and utilization orientation, as soil moved in improve the original
To control ditch make ground newly-increased farmland soil improve, and then fast lifting raceway groove arable land forage rape yield, to in-depth agricultural supply
It is significant to side reform, lifting agricultural product supply quality.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the yield comparison figure of rape under the conditions of different earthing.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to embodiments, but is not therefore limited in protection scope of the present invention
Among the scope of embodiment description.
It may be influenceed in view of plant growth by factors, such as, in the experiment carried out before applicant,
There is the soil improvement method of good facilitation to growth of rape, once using forage rape plantation improvement, then produce little effect,
Therefore, applicant by being tested for many years in polylith different tests area, and finally, the group of applicant is in Yan'an pagoda
When area is tested, it was found that a kind of soil moved in improve the original modification method that can increase substantially forage rape yield.
Below applicant with 2015-2017 applicant the institute on the loessal soil in Yanan City Li Qu towns sheepfold ditch village
The modification method and experimental result of the present invention are illustrated exemplified by the experiment of progress.
(1) experimental design
1st, pilot region
Trial zone is located at Yanan City Li Qu towns sheepfold ditch village (109 ° of 31'17.91 " E, 36 ° of 41'48.31 " N),
Belong to Gullied Rolling Loess Region in North Shaanxi.This area's weather is semi-moist semiarid zone, and sunlight-heat reaources are more sufficient.Geomorphic type with
Based on loess ridge and loess ditch, cheuch degree is 2.74km/km2, soil includes loessal soil, Brown crake soil, black glue soil in basin
Deng based on loessal soil, corrosion stability is poor, severe water and soil erosion.Land use pattern is various, including ditch tableland, dam, fruit
Garden, meadow and forest land etc..
Embodiment 1
Optional test field first, determination test field area, according to experimental plot area and the thickness of earth covering prepared, calculate soil moved in improve the original
Amount.In the present embodiment, Malan loess 5cm (X5), admaic earth (L5), undisturbed soil (YZT), every kind of earthing type and thickness are taken respectively
Planting 3 unit areas, (i.e. code test field size, it can be selected as needed, for example can elect 100 square meters or 1 as
Mu), first unit area imposes farm manure, second unit area imposes composite fertilizer, and the 3rd unit area imposes farmers'
Fertilizer and the mixed fertilizer of composite fertilizer.
Selected forage rape kind is miscellaneous No. 62 of China's oil, the new rape variety that Hua Zhong Agriculture University cultivates, the winter of Wild cabbage type half
Property cytoplasm male sterility three line cenospecies, content of erucic acid 0.10%, 26.74 μm of ol/g of grouts sulphur resources, quality is up to " double
It is low " rape variety standard.
Experimental plot crop date of seeding is mid-April, is ploughed using rotary cultivator, unified field management, and each variable of testing is according to phase
Answer processing mode (table 1).
The compounding experiment variable introduction of the soil of table 1
Table 2 crop yield and quality in the case of 5cm earthing
As can be seen from the table, in 5cm earthing amounts, yield is all brought using Malan loess and admaic earth huge
Lifting, yield lifting respectively reach about 450,200 kilograms, and the meaning of this yield lifting is immeasurable.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, Malan loess 10cm (X10) is taken respectively；Admaic earth 10cm (L10)；Every kind of earthing type and thickness
Planting 3 unit areas, (i.e. code test field size, it can be selected as needed, for example can elect 100 square meters or 1 as
Mu), first unit area imposes farm manure, second unit area imposes composite fertilizer, and the 3rd unit area imposes farmers'
Fertilizer and the mixed fertilizer of composite fertilizer.
In the case of preferably contrasting a variety of soil improvements, the influence to forage rape yield, carried out
Experiment is carried out on the soil of basic homogeneity, spaced apart between each experimental plot.
In the present embodiment, forage rape kind, sowing and the selection of harvesting time are all same as Example 1.
Table 3
Change from the present embodiment as can be seen that carrying out soil improvement using Malan loess and wanting Billy to carry out soil with admaic earth
Good positive effect is more notable, the method in embodiment 1 of the yield than not using soil improvement mode, and increase 100-150 is public
Jin.
Embodiment 3
In the present embodiment, Malan loess 15cm (X15) is taken respectively；Admaic earth 15cm (L15)；Every kind of earthing type and thickness
Planting 3 unit areas, (i.e. code test field size, it can be selected as needed, for example can elect 100 square meters or 1 as
Mu), first unit area imposes farm manure, second unit area imposes composite fertilizer, and the 3rd unit area imposes farmers'
Fertilizer and the mixed fertilizer of composite fertilizer.
In the case of preferably contrasting a variety of soil improvements, the influence to forage rape yield, carried out
Experiment is carried out on the soil of basic homogeneity, spaced apart between each experimental plot.
In the present embodiment, forage rape kind, sowing and the selection of harvesting time are all same as Example 1.
Table 4
From the present embodiment as can be seen that in 15cm earthing amounts, soil improvement is carried out using Malan loess or admaic earth
Any effect is not produced.Malan loess 15cm samples area's forage rape yield is not with using the sample area of soil improvement mode to protect substantially
It is fair, and even 100-110 kilograms of the underproduction of admaic earth sample area, certain negative interaction is produced to soil quality.It is meanwhile either sharp
Soil improvement is carried out with Malan loess or admaic earth, after thickness reaches 15cm, forage rape yield is not lifted not only, very
To having declined, it was demonstrated that method of the invention can not use blocked up soil layer.
In addition, it has been found that the method for the present embodiment is especially suitable for applying on the soil of no farm manure, the present invention
Method can promote the holding and utilization of composite fertilizer, when applying composite fertilizer, the lifting to yield is especially apparent.Using kalimeris
Loess carries out soil moved in improve the original improvement, can lift the permeable aeration of soil, improves soil acidity or alkalinity, enhancing crop to soil nutrient and
The absorbability of nutrient in composite fertilizer, thus it is more obvious for composite fertilizer's plot lifting effect.
Surprisingly obtained in the Loess Region in Yan'an by testing in view of the soil improvement method of the present invention is a group
, in order to find the theoretical foundation of this method, and it is promoted, applicant enters while the experiment in carrying out embodiment 1-3
Go Data acquisition and issuance, measure a variety of soil parameters and crop parameter respectively.
Specifically, the soil weight is measured using core cutter method；Soil aperture degrees of data is measured by the soil weight；Soil by machines
Composition data comes from Malvern laser particle analyzer (Mastersizer 2000).Soil pH value uses pH meter (METTLER
TOLEDO SG2) method measurement；Organic matter (OM) is using potassium bichromate titrimetric method-Outside Heating Method measurement；Available nitrogen (AHN) uses
Alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method；Rapid available phosphorus (AP) uses sodium acid carbonate extraction-molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method；Available potassium (AK) is soaked using NH4OAc
Put forward-flame spectrometry.
Crop growth situation data include growing way and yield data, and growing way data acquisition modes are from the seeding stage, weekly
3 plants of samples are randomly selected from each experimental plot, and measure the growing way index such as plant height, stem girth, number of blade.Plant height is direct using tape measure
Measurement, and calculate average value；Stem girth vernier caliper measurement, and calculate average value；The number of blade is visually determined, and is calculated flat
Average.And crop yield data are that test sample is divided into 3 pieces, forage rape yield is weighed respectively, and calculated average
Value.
Finishing collecting is carried out to data using Excel softwares, variance analysis is carried out to data with SPSS softwares, uses Origin
Software is drawn to analysis result.
Soil physico-chemical property is tested
1st, different tests sample area soil physical properties is analyzed
The soil weight and the porosity physical property important as soil, quality, consolidation degree with soil, water flowing are breathed freely
Property and fertility state are closely related.It has been found that different earthing types influence significantly on the soil weight and porosity.With horse
The increase of blue loess thickness of earth covering, the soil weight gradually increase, and porosity is gradually reduced；And admaic earth is in contrast.Soil is dredged
The thickness of earth covering of looseness, water flowing gas permeability and Malan loess is negatively correlated with admaic earth into positive correlation.
The different earthing class pattern area soil weight of table 5 and mechanical composition feature
Note：D [4,3] is volume average particle size, is weighted average of the particle diameter to volume (or weight)；D [3,2] surface
Product average grain diameter, is weighted average of the particle diameter to surface area；D (0.5) is the particle diameter that particulate accumulation is distributed as 50%.
The soil texture is one of most basic physical property of soil, and extreme influence the preservation capacity of water and fertility, permeable logical of soil
Gas, tilth and nutrient situation, it is one of important indicator for evaluating soil fertility.In general, loamy soil sand grains, powder
And clay proportion is more suitable, tilth is good, is the ideal soil quality for being adapted to crop growthing development.But apply
People has found that, in loess hill area, the newly-increased farmland soil texture is mostly silty loam or clay loam after raceway groove land control, clay and
Silt content is higher, and permeable aeration is weaker, and crop fertility utilization rate is relatively low.Therefore, by mixing admaic earth to former arable layer
Or Malan loess, the size composition of soil can be adjusted, changes Soil texture, improves the fertility state of soil.
Obvious difference (table 5) in size composition be present with Malan loess in admaic earth.Wherein, the thin sticking grain of admaic earth
(＜ 0.001mm), thick sticking grain (0.001~0.002mm) and part fine silt (0.002~0.01mm) volume fraction are obvious
More than Malan loess；And the volume fraction of coarse dust (0.01~0.05mm), fine sand (0.05~0.25mm) is then less than kalimeris
Loess.
It has been found that the sticking grain soil characteristic of admaic earth is more obvious, Malan loess is more powder and sand grains structure
Feature.Different tests sample area soil particle diameter structure exists obvious related (table 5) to new, the earthing type of admaic earth and thickness.With
The increase of admaic earth thickness of earth covering, the volume ratio shared by thin sticking grain, thick sticking grain and part fine silt gradually increases, and stickiness is special
Levy more obvious；And when Malan loess thickness of earth covering increase, powder and sand-grain volume ratio gradually increase, and powder, sand grains are special
Sign gradually shows.
Applicant further found that from the point of view of soil volume average particle size and surface area average grain diameter, different earthing Type Test samples
Qu Zhong, maximum for X15 samples area, its homogeneous is respectively 38.15 and 7.05 μm；Then it is followed successively by X10, X5, YZT Deng Yang area；Most
Small is L15 samples area, is 20.77 and 4.05 μm.It is minimum for L15 samples area from the point of view of the particle diameter for being 50% with regard to distribution of particles
16.93μm；30.88 μm maximum for X15 samples area.
With the increase of Malan loess thickness of earth covering, its soil texture is gradually changed from powder (sand) loam to loam, water flowing
Gas permeability gradually strengthens, and progressivelyes reach stable state in 10cm depth.And with the increase of admaic earth thickness of earth covering, in soil
Clay content gradually increases, preservation capacity of water and fertility enhancing, and progressivelyes reach stable state in 5cm depth.
It has been found that soil particle diameter composition and accompanying drawing thickness, which coordinate, can realize optimal planting effect.Above-mentioned implementation
In example 1-3, when thickness is 5cm and each composition composition is following, yield is high：Particle diameter<The content of 0.002mm clay between
Between 4% and 6%, the content of 0.002~0.05mm of particle diameter powder between 65% and 70%, 0.05~2mm's of particle diameter
The content of sand grains is between 20%~35%.
In order to study influence of the particle diameter to forage rape, applicant is planted by the way of similar to the above embodiments
Plant, change soil particle diameter composition simply by soil moved in improve the original composition.Applicant is using the following field of soil by machines attribute after improvement
5cm, 10cm and 15cm experiment have been carried out respectively：(1) particle diameter<The content 7% of 0.002mm clay, particle diameter 0.002~
Between the content 72% of 0.05mm powder, the content 21% of 0.05~2mm of particle diameter sand grains；(2) particle diameter<0.002mm's is viscous
Between the content 9% of grain, the content 80% of 0.002~0.05mm of particle diameter powder, the content of 0.05~2mm of particle diameter sand grains
11%；(3) particle diameter<Between the content 15% of 0.002mm clay, the content 70% of 0.002~0.05mm of particle diameter powder,
The content 15% of 0.05~2mm of particle diameter sand grains, potato yield is respectively less than 2000kg.In 10cm and 15cm, forage rape
Yield is no more than 2600kg, and in 5cm, yield is then no more than 2800kg, hence it is evident that less than X5 in the embodiment of the present invention 1
Yield.
2nd, different tests sample area soil chemical properties is analyzed
According to result shown in table 6, L15, L10, L5 sample area soil organic matter content are respectively less than Malan loess and undisturbed soil, its
Increasing degree is also significantly less than covered Malan loess.The non-capillary pores degree of Malan loess is larger, and draining gas permeability is preferable,
Therefore its content of organic matter is also corresponding higher；And admaic earth permeable breathable is poor, be not suitable for edaphon and crop root
Growth, therefore the content of organic matter is relatively low.Between different earthing class pattern area P in soil H maintain essentially in 8.5-8.8, belong to meta-alkali
Property soil, is not varied widely.From the point of view of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, three's content is given birth in forage rape
There occurs a certain degree of decline in long-term, and the range of decrease of Malan loess is larger than admaic earth, the guarantor of this explanation admaic earth
Fertilizer is better than Malan loess, and the nutrient preserving capability of soil can then be lifted to a certain extent by covering admaic earth.
The different earthing class pattern area soil chemical properties of table 6
1st, forage rape growing way situation in experimental plot is analyzed
Notable difference (table 4) be present in the growing way situation in different earthing class pattern area forage rapes each growth period.Seeding stage
(5,02,5.16), admaic earth sample area forage rape growing way situation are integrally better than Malan loess sample area and undisturbed soil area, wherein L10,
The synthesis growing way of L5 and X5 seedling stages plant height, stem girth and the number of blade is preferable, and the growing way of X10, X15 area forage rape is poor.Flower bud a kind of sedge
Phase (5.3., 6.13) Malan loess sample area gradually improves on the indices such as plant height, stem girth and the number of blade, now kalimeris, red
Clay sample head of district's gesture situation gradually tends to be close, and wherein L5, X5 head of district gesture are best, is secondly L10, X10 area, and YZT, L15,
X15 growing ways are worst.X5, the L5 in florescence (6.27,7.11) growing way situation tend to be close, and are significantly higher than other sample areas.
Influence of the different earthing types of table 7 to forage rape plant height
The upper only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not does any formal limitation to the present invention, all in this hair
Within bright spirit and principle, the technical spirit of the foundation present invention is to any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, equivalent change
Change and modify, still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Although the principle of the present invention is described in detail above in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, this area skill
Art personnel are it should be understood that above-described embodiment is only the explanation to the exemplary implementation of the present invention, not to present invention bag
Restriction containing scope.Details in embodiment is simultaneously not meant to limit the scope of the invention, in the spirit without departing substantially from the present invention and
In the case of scope, any equivalent transformation based on technical solution of the present invention, simple replacement etc. are obvious to be changed, and is all fallen within
Within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. soil moved in improve the original modification method for lifting Loess Region newly-increased farmland forage rape yield, it is characterised in that the side Method comprises the following steps：(1), choose Loess Region Zhi Gou make ground newly-increased farmland field target area as improvement plot, and determine selected by change Good block area S；(2) the Epileistocene Q3 Malan loess of scheduled volume, is taken as soil moved in improve the original according to the area in selected improvement plot；(3), the soil moved in improve the original of step (2) determined amount is carried out being crushed to particle diameter and is less than 3cm, field need to be improved by being uniformly laid on, fully Mixing；(4) applications of farmyard manure and/or composite fertilizer are turned over as base fertilizer using rotary cultivator；(5) forage rape plantation is carried out on the improvement plot after turning over.
- 2. the soil moved in improve the original that a kind of lifting Loess Region Zhi Gou as claimed in claim 1 makes ground newly-increased farmland forage rape yield changes Good recipe method, it is characterised in that the soil after the soil moved in improve the original modification method improvement is meta-alkalescence soil.
- 3. the soil moved in improve the original that a kind of lifting Loess Region Zhi Gou as claimed in claim 1 makes ground newly-increased farmland forage rape yield changes Good recipe method, it is characterised in that in step (2), the mechanical composition of the soil moved in improve the original includes clay, powder and sand grains.
- 4. the soil moved in improve the original that a kind of lifting Loess Region Zhi Gou as claimed in claim 1 makes ground newly-increased farmland forage rape yield changes Good recipe method, it is characterised in that in step (3), the soil moved in improve the original thickness of earth covering is 0cm-5cm.
- 5. the soil moved in improve the original that a kind of lifting Loess Region Zhi Gou as claimed in claim 1 makes ground newly-increased farmland forage rape yield changes Good recipe method, it is characterised in that in step (4), the powder particle diameter of the soil moved in improve the original is less than 3cm.
- 6. the soil moved in improve the original that a kind of lifting Loess Region Zhi Gou as claimed in claim 1 makes ground newly-increased farmland forage rape yield changes Good recipe method, it is characterised in that in the step (4), the ploughed depth is 30cm.
- 7. the soil moved in improve the original that a kind of lifting Loess Region Zhi Gou as claimed in claim 1 makes ground newly-increased farmland forage rape yield changes Good recipe method, it is characterised in that selected forage rape kind is magnificent miscellaneous No. 62 of oil.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115316066A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-11-11 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Method for comprehensively renovating water and soil resources of channels in loess hilly gully region |
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| CN115316066B (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2024-04-19 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Comprehensive water and soil resource renovation method for loess hilly and gully region channel |
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