CN107443849A - 一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板及其制备方法,包括多孔泡沫合金芯体、钎料、金属面板;所述多孔泡沫合金芯体由具有三维网状结构的聚醚砜树脂海绵和聚酯树脂海绵为基材,以双层贴合经化学镀镀覆镍层,再电镀镀覆铁镍层后制得,在多孔泡沫合金芯体的上面或上、下两面通过钎料焊接有金属面板。该阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板兼具有电池屏蔽和隔音功能,可使轨道交通车辆更节能、安全、舒适,可广泛应用于轨道交通车辆领域中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于轨道交通车辆车体材料技术领域,具体涉及一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着国家综合实力的不断增强,以及国民经济不断增长的需求,轨道交通建设成为人们生活品质需求和提振经济的重要手段。国家发改委在“2015中国城市轨道交通高层论坛”上表示,当前轨道交通的营运里程已经达到了3300多公里,在“十三五”时期,有望达到6000公里。
为配合国家高速发展的轨道交通需要,以及国家可持续发展要求的实施,在科学技术不断发展的今天,高速、节能、安全、环保、舒适成为轨道交通发展的趋势,轨道交通车辆的轻量化亦越来越受到轨道交通车辆研究领域技术人员的关注。实施车辆轻量化的方向大致可分为三类:车身轻量化、发动机轻量化、底盘轻量化,其目的均是在保证性能的前提下通过使用更轻材料降低车重,从而实现节能环保的目的。
泡沫合金复合板是目前实施车辆轻量化的主要研究与应用材料,该材料成本比碳纤维低,质量较全金属材料(如铝合金、镁合金、钛合金)结构轻,生产工艺易于量化,且隔音隔热、电池屏蔽效果好,易于成型,因此应用范围广泛。但目前以高分子有机物为基体的泡沫金属复合板,采用的有机聚合物材料易于燃烧,且大多复合板材在生产过程中采用高分子胶粘剂对多孔泡沫合金和金属面板胶粘拼接,由于高分子胶黏剂容易老化而导致复合板使用寿命较短,同时采用的胶粘拼接在受到较强冲击时,容易造成基体开裂使得其安全系数较低。
发明内容
本发明针对上述问题,提供了一种强度高、隔音性能良好的轨道交通车辆用阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板及其制备方法。
本发明采用以下技术方案实现:
一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板,包括多孔泡沫合金芯体、钎料、金属面板,其特征在于:所述多孔泡沫合金芯体由具有三维网状结构的聚醚砜树脂海绵和聚酯树脂海绵为基材,以双层贴合经化学镀镀覆镍层,再电镀镀覆铁镍层后制得,在多孔泡沫合金芯体的上面或上、下两面通过钎料焊接有金属面板。
进一步地,所述多孔泡沫合金芯体由聚醚砜树脂海绵和聚酯树脂海绵为基材,以双层贴合并经化学镀镀覆镍层,再电镀镀覆铁镍层后的连接面为锯齿状,芯体的厚度为0.5-50mm,密度为0.3-0.7g/cm3,孔隙率为75-90%。
进一步地,所述化学镀液由硫酸镍18g/l、次磷酸钠32g/l、柠檬酸钠15g/l、氯化铵30g/l配制而成。
进一步地,所述化学镀镀覆镍层的温度为45±2℃,pH为8.5±0.2,基体走速小于等于1.35m/min,镀后基材表面电阻为108±1Ω。
进一步地,所述聚醚砜树脂海绵和聚酯树脂海绵为基材的双层贴合,采用不饱和聚酯胶粘剂粘接。
进一步地,所述金属面板的材料选用钛、镁、铝、不锈钢、铝钪合金中的一种,金属面板的厚度为0.1-5mm。
进一步地,所述钎料的配方及百分比含量为Cu:8-12%、Si:5-9%、Ni:33-41%、Cr:9-13%、B:3-6%、Fe余量。
一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)以聚醚砜树脂海绵和聚酯树脂海绵为基材,将其连接面加工为锯齿状,用不饱和聚酯胶粘剂粘接,经化学镀镀覆镍层,再电镀镀覆铁镍层后制得厚度为0.5-50mm,密度为0.3-0.7g/cm3,孔隙率为75-90%的具有三维网状结构的多孔泡沫合金芯体;
(2)将多孔泡沫合金芯体和金属面板用水洗净后,用酸和碱液对其表面进行除锈除油处理,然后用质量份数为1-3%的SDS与OP-10质量比为1︰3的复合溶液进行超声波清洗、再用水进行超声波清洗,然后用热风烘干;
(3)室温下将氯化锌和水配成饱和溶液,均匀涂抹在处理好的泡沫合金和金属板表面;
(4)然后将钎料放置在金属面板,用火焰加热至600℃的使得钎料熔融在金属面板上,然后将多孔泡沫合金芯体覆盖在熔融好钎料的金属面板上,轧压至多孔泡沫合金芯体与金属面板完全焊接好;
(5)将另一块经步骤(2)和(3)处理好后的金属面板上放置钎料,用火焰加热至600℃的使得钎料熔融在金属面板上,然后将步骤(4)中焊接好的复合板的多孔泡沫合金芯体面对接覆盖在熔融好钎料的金属面板上,轧压至多孔泡沫合金芯体与金属面板完全焊接好,即为阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板。
本发明的有益效果在于:该阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板所具有的三维网状结构使其轻质并具有良好的隔音效果,采用的聚醚砜树脂海绵和聚酯树脂海绵为基材双层贴合的多孔泡沫合金为芯体,在保证低密度的条件下具有良好的隔热和阻燃性能;用钎料将钛、镁、铝、不锈钢、铝钪合金等材质的金属面板焊接在芯材上,保证了该复合板的高强度、刚硬度以及良好的阻燃性。该阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板兼具有电池屏蔽和隔音功能,可使轨道交通车辆更节能、安全、舒适,可广泛应用于轨道交通车辆领域中。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图中:1、芯体,2、金属面板,3、钎料,4、聚醚砜树脂海绵,5、聚酯树脂海绵,6、不饱和聚酯胶粘剂。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请作进一步详细的说明。
参见图1所示,该阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板包括多孔泡沫合金芯体1、钎料3、金属面板2。所述多孔泡沫合金芯体1由具有三维网状结构聚醚砜树脂海绵4和聚酯树脂海绵5为基材,用不饱和聚酯胶粘剂6双层贴合并经化学镀镀覆镍,再电镀镀覆铁镍后制得,在多孔泡沫合金芯体1的上面或上、下两面通过钎料3焊接有金属面板2。
实施例一
用硫酸镍18g/l、次磷酸钠32g/l、柠檬酸钠15g/l、氯化铵30g/l配制化学镀液。化学镀镀覆镍层时的温度为45℃,pH为8.5,基体走速1.35m/min,镀后基材表面电阻为108Ω。金属面板的材料选用钛,钎料的配方及百分比含量为Cu:8%、Si:5%、Ni:33%、Cr:9%、B:3%、Fe余量。
一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)以聚醚砜树脂海绵和聚酯树脂海绵为基材,将其连接面加工为锯齿状,用不饱和聚酯胶粘剂粘接,经化学镀镀覆镍层,再电镀镀覆铁镍层后制得厚度为1mm,密度为0.3-0.7g/cm3,孔隙率为75-90%的具有三维网状结构的多孔泡沫合金芯体;
(2)将多孔泡沫合金芯体和金属面板用水洗净后,用酸和碱液对其表面进行除锈除油处理,然后用质量份数为1%的SDS与OP-10质量比为1︰3的复合溶液进行超声波清洗、再用水进行超声波清洗,然后用热风烘干;
(3)室温下将氯化锌和水配成饱和溶液,均匀涂抹在处理好的泡沫合金和金属板表面;
(4)然后将钎料放置在5mm金属面板,用火焰加热至600℃的使得钎料熔融在金属面板上,然后将多孔泡沫合金芯体覆盖在熔融好钎料的金属面板上,轧压至多孔泡沫合金芯体与金属面板完全焊接好;
(5)将另一块经步骤(2)和(3)处理好后的金属面板上放置钎料,用火焰加热至600℃的使得钎料熔融在金属面板上,然后将步骤(4)中焊接好的复合板的多孔泡沫合金芯体面对接覆盖在熔融好钎料的金属面板上,轧压至多孔泡沫合金芯体与金属面板完全焊接好,即为阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板。
实施例二
用硫酸镍18g/l、次磷酸钠32g/l、柠檬酸钠15g/l、氯化铵30g/l配制化学镀液。化学镀镀覆镍层时的温度为43℃,pH为8.3,基体走速1.35m/min,镀后基材表面电阻为107Ω。金属面板的材料选用铝,钎料的配方及百分比含量为Cu:10%、Si:7%、Ni:37%、Cr:11%、B:4%、Fe余量。
一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)以聚醚砜树脂海绵和聚酯树脂海绵为基材,将其连接面加工为锯齿状,用不饱和聚酯胶粘剂粘接,经化学镀镀覆镍层,再电镀镀覆铁镍层后制得厚度为25mm,密度为0.3-0.7g/cm3,孔隙率为75-90%的具有三维网状结构的多孔泡沫合金芯体;
(2)将多孔泡沫合金芯体和金属面板用水洗净后,用酸和碱液对其表面进行除锈除油处理,然后用质量份数为2%的SDS与OP-10质量比为1︰3的复合溶液进行超声波清洗、再用水进行超声波清洗,然后用热风烘干;
(3)室温下将氯化锌和水配成饱和溶液,均匀涂抹在处理好的泡沫合金和金属板表面;
(4)然后将钎料放置在2.5mm金属面板,用火焰加热至600℃的使得钎料熔融在金属面板上,然后将多孔泡沫合金芯体覆盖在熔融好钎料的金属面板上,轧压至多孔泡沫合金芯体与金属面板完全焊接好;
(5)将另一块经步骤(2)和(3)处理好后的金属面板上放置钎料,用火焰加热至600℃的使得钎料熔融在金属面板上,然后将步骤(4)中焊接好的复合板的多孔泡沫合金芯体面对接覆盖在熔融好钎料的金属面板上,轧压至多孔泡沫合金芯体与金属面板完全焊接好,即为阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板。
实施例三
用硫酸镍18g/l、次磷酸钠32g/l、柠檬酸钠15g/l、氯化铵30g/l配制化学镀液。化学镀镀覆镍层时的温度为47℃,pH为8.7,基体走速小于等于1.35m/min,镀后基材表面电阻为109Ω。金属面板的材料选用钛、镁、铝、不锈钢、铝钪合金中的一种。钎料的配方及百分比含量为Cu:12%、Si:9%、Ni:41%、Cr:13%、B: 6%、Fe余量。
一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)以聚醚砜树脂海绵和聚酯树脂海绵为基材,将其连接面加工为锯齿状,用不饱和聚酯胶粘剂粘接,经化学镀镀覆镍层,再电镀镀覆铁镍层后制得厚度为50mm,密度为0.3-0.7g/cm3,孔隙率为75-90%的具有三维网状结构的多孔泡沫合金芯体;
(2)将多孔泡沫合金芯体和金属面板用水洗净后,用酸和碱液对其表面进行除锈除油处理,然后用质量份数为3%的SDS与OP-10质量比为1︰3的复合溶液进行超声波清洗、再用水进行超声波清洗,然后用热风烘干;
(3)室温下将氯化锌和水配成饱和溶液,均匀涂抹在处理好的泡沫合金和金属板表面;
(4)然后将钎料放置在0.5mm金属面板,用火焰加热至600℃的使得钎料熔融在金属面板上,然后将多孔泡沫合金芯体覆盖在熔融好钎料的金属面板上,轧压至多孔泡沫合金芯体与金属面板完全焊接好;
(5)将另一块经步骤(2)和(3)处理好后的金属面板上放置钎料,用火焰加热至600℃的使得钎料熔融在金属面板上,然后将步骤(4)中焊接好的复合板的多孔泡沫合金芯体面对接覆盖在熔融好钎料的金属面板上,轧压至多孔泡沫合金芯体与金属面板完全焊接好,即为阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板。
经检测,本发明复合板具有高强度、轻重量、安全环保且防火、屏蔽、隔音等优点,与同规格的普通钢板、铝合金、镁合金及工程塑料各项性能对比如下表所示。
因此,本发明对发展我国特色的车辆轻量化材料技术,快速提升我国车辆行业的技术发展水平,促进我国能源消费结构调整等都具有重要的意义。
Claims (8)
1.一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板,其特征在于,包括多孔泡沫合金芯体、钎料、金属面板;所述多孔泡沫合金芯体由具有三维网状结构的聚醚砜树脂海绵和聚酯树脂海绵为基材,以双层贴合经化学镀镀覆镍层,再电镀镀覆铁镍层后制得,在多孔泡沫合金芯体的上面或上、下两面通过钎料焊接有金属面板。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板,其特征在于,所述多孔泡沫合金芯体由聚醚砜树脂海绵和聚酯树脂海绵为基材,以双层贴合经化学镀镀覆镍层,再电镀镀覆铁镍层后的连接面为锯齿状,芯体的厚度为0.5-50mm,密度为0.3-0.7g/cm3,孔隙率为75-90%。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板,其特征在于,所述化学镀液由硫酸镍18g/l、次磷酸钠32g/l、柠檬酸钠15g/l、氯化铵30g/l配制而成。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板,其特征在于,所述化学镀镀覆镍层的温度为45±2℃,pH为8.5±0.2,基体走速小于等于1.35m/min,镀后基材表面电阻为108±1Ω。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板,其特征在于,所述聚醚砜树脂海绵和聚酯树脂海绵为基材的双层贴合,采用不饱和聚酯胶粘剂粘接。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板,其特征在于,所述金属面板的材料选用钛、镁、铝、不锈钢、铝钪合金中的一种,金属面板的厚度为0.1-5mm。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板,其特征在于,所述钎料的配方及百分比含量为Cu:8-12%、Si:5-9%、Ni:33-41%、Cr:9-13%、B:3-6%、Fe余量。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)以聚醚砜树脂海绵和聚酯树脂海绵为基材,将其连接面加工为锯齿状,用不饱和聚酯胶粘剂粘接,经化学镀镀覆镍层,再电镀镀覆铁镍层后制得厚度为0.5-50mm,密度为0.3-0.7g/cm3,孔隙率为75-90%的具有三维网状结构的多孔泡沫合金芯体;
(2)将多孔泡沫合金芯体和金属面板用水洗净后,用酸和碱液对其表面进行除锈除油处理,然后用质量份数为1-3%的SDS与OP-10质量比为1︰3的复合溶液进行超声波清洗、再用水进行超声波清洗,然后用热风烘干;
(3)室温下将氯化锌和水配成饱和溶液,均匀涂抹在处理好的泡沫合金和金属板表面;
(4)然后将钎料放置在金属面板,用火焰加热至600℃的使得钎料熔融在金属面板上,然后将多孔泡沫合金芯体覆盖在熔融好钎料的金属面板上,轧压至多孔泡沫合金芯体与金属面板完全焊接好;
(5)将另一块经步骤(2)和(3)处理好后的金属面板上放置钎料,用火焰加热至600℃的使得钎料熔融在金属面板上,然后将步骤(4)中焊接好的复合板的多孔泡沫合金芯体面对接覆盖在熔融好钎料的金属面板上,轧压至多孔泡沫合金芯体与金属面板完全焊接好,即为制得的阻燃低密度泡沫合金复合板。
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