CN107443824B - 一种改性岩棉板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种改性岩棉板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107443824B
CN107443824B CN201710729063.4A CN201710729063A CN107443824B CN 107443824 B CN107443824 B CN 107443824B CN 201710729063 A CN201710729063 A CN 201710729063A CN 107443824 B CN107443824 B CN 107443824B
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wool material
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silicate
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CN107443824A (zh
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赵宏宇
孙志光
陈武军
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Beijing Oriksson Energy Saving Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种改性岩棉材料，岩棉材料压缩强度不低于150Kpa，且其垂直于表面的抗拉强度不低于120Kpa，同时其全浸体积吸水率不超过3.0％。该改性岩棉材料加入了甲基硅酸钠，硅酸钠，硅溶胶和气凝胶进行改性，从而使得岩棉材料具有吸水率小，抗压强度大，表面强度高，抗拉拔强度高，导热系数小，不飞尘飘絮，对施工环境无污染，对人身皮肤不伤害的特性，同时制备方法简单，岩棉材料能够充分的吸收改性剂，且吸收速度高，能够提高制备效率，从而有利于大范围推广使用。

Description

一种改性岩棉板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于岩棉材料领域，特别是涉及一种改性岩棉板及其制备方法。
背景技术
岩棉板是以玄武岩为主要原材料，经高温熔融加工而成的无机纤维板。岩棉板又称岩棉保温装饰板。岩棉板经过高温融熔加工成的人工无机纤维，具有质量轻、导热系数小、吸热、不燃的特点，其广泛的应用于工业建筑。
目前市场上传统岩棉板，存在着表面强度低，吸水率大，抗拉拔低，受潮吸湿膨胀，导热系数高，掉粉飘絮，对施工环境有飞尘污染，对人身皮肤有伤害等缺陷。在建筑工程使用后容易造成保温层空鼓、开裂、渗水、脱落等工程质量问题。鉴于以上现有技术中存在的缺陷，有必要将其进一步改进，使其更具备实用性，才能符合实际使用情况。
发明内容
针对上述情况，本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种吸水率小，抗压强度大，表面强度高，抗拉拔强度高，导热系数小，不飞尘飘絮，对施工环境无污染，对人身皮肤不伤害的改性岩棉板及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种改性岩棉材料，所述岩棉材料压缩强度不低于150KPa。
作为优选，所述岩棉材料垂直于表面的抗拉强度不低于120Kpa。
作为优选，所述岩棉材料全浸体积吸水率不超过3.0％。
作为优选，所述岩棉材料是岩棉板、岩棉带或岩棉条。
作为优选，所述岩棉材料含有有机硅酸盐、无机硅酸盐、硅溶胶固含物。
作为优选，所述机硅酸盐具体为甲基硅酸钠，且甲基硅酸钠中混合有亚硝酸钠，无机硅酸盐具体为硅酸钠，且硅酸钠中的SiO2和Na2O的摩尔比为2.6～2.8，硅溶胶固含物具体为硅溶胶，且硅溶胶中SiO2质量百分浓度范围为10-35％，且硅溶胶中粒子径长范围为5-100nm。
作为优选，所述岩棉材料还含有气凝胶。
作为优选，所述气凝胶为纳米级多孔材料，其孔隙率大于90％，同时其密度小于0.001g/cm3，同时气凝胶内部掺杂有TiO2和硅酸铝纤维。
作为优选，所述岩棉材料包括有上层岩棉板、下层岩棉板、连接块、连接槽、岩棉纤维和气泡，且上层岩棉板和下层岩棉板上分别设置有连接槽和连接块，上层岩棉板和下层岩棉板由岩棉纤维组成，且岩棉纤维上包覆有气泡，连接槽和连接块相咬合，同时连接块的顶端和连接槽内侧端之间的间距与上层岩棉板和下层岩棉板之间的间距相等。
一种改性岩棉材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：让改性剂充分浸润岩棉材料，直至浸润达到饱和；
S2：压制被浸润的岩棉材料；
S3：烘干。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点和有益效果是：该改性岩棉板加入了甲基硅酸钠，硅酸钠，硅溶胶，气凝胶进行改性，甲基硅酸钠是一种新型刚性建筑防水材料，具有良好的渗透结晶性，硅酸钠称水玻璃，是一种矿粘合剂，具有防火和粘结性强的优点，硅溶胶用作各种耐火材料粘结剂，具有粘结力强、耐高温等特点，气凝胶非常坚固耐用，最高能承受1400摄氏度的高温，此外它的导热性和折射率也很低，绝缘能力强，从而使得岩棉材料吸水率≤3.0％(24h)，压缩强度≥0.18Mpa，抗拉拔强度≥0.15Mpa，导热系数≤0.036W/(m·k)，具有吸水率小，抗压强度大，表面强度高，抗拉拔强度高，导热系数小，不飞尘飘絮，对施工环境无污染，对人身皮肤不伤害的特性，同时制备方法简单，岩棉材料能够充分的吸收改性剂，且吸收速度高，能够提高制备效率，从而有利于大范围推广使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种改性岩棉板及其制备方法的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下为了更加清楚明确的理解本发明的发明特征、技术手段以及功效，下方将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本发明提供一种技术方案：一种改性岩棉材料，岩棉材料压缩强度不低于150Kpa，且其垂直于表面的抗拉强度不低于120Kpa，同时其全浸体积吸水率不超过3.0％，岩棉材料含有有机硅酸盐、无机硅酸盐、硅溶胶固含物以及气凝胶，岩棉材料包括有上层岩棉板101、下层岩棉板102、连接块103、连接槽104、岩棉纤维105和气泡106，且上层岩棉板101和下层岩棉板102上分别设置有连接槽104和连接块103，上层岩棉板101和下层岩棉板102由岩棉纤维105组成，且岩棉纤维105上包覆有气泡106，连接槽104和连接块103相咬合，改性剂对岩棉材料的改性的原理是原本吸水的岩棉材料，吸入改性剂，将岩棉硬化，在岩棉纤维105上形成气泡106，包覆着岩棉纤维105，从而形成改性层，这样就能够使岩棉不吸水，且增加抗压强度，降低导热系数，实质是对岩棉纤维105的改性，同时上层岩棉板101和下层岩棉板102之间存在间隙，便于岩棉材料能够快速的浸润达到饱和，且充分吸收，能够提高岩棉材料的质量，连接块103的顶端和连接槽104内侧端之间的间距与上层岩棉板101和下层岩棉板102之间的间距相等，压力机在对岩棉材料压合时，上层岩棉板101和下层岩棉板102能够贴合紧密并形成为一体，整体强度大，使用寿命长。
实施例2
有机硅酸盐具体为甲基硅酸钠，且甲基硅酸钠中混合有亚硝酸钠，添加有防冻剂，在天寒冷时都够正常发挥作用；可溶性硅酸盐具体为硅酸钠，且硅酸钠中的SiO2和Na2O的摩尔比为2.6～2.8，从而硅酸钠既溶于水又有较高的强度；硅溶胶固含物具体为硅溶胶，且硅溶胶中SiO2质量百分浓度范围为10-35％，且硅溶胶中粒子径长范围为5-100nm，粒子径长非常小，所以有着相当大的面积，因此和其他物质混合时，分散性和渗透性都非常好；气凝胶为纳米级多孔材料，其孔隙率大于90％，同时其密度小于0.001g/cm3，多孔结构赋予了气凝胶绝热、吸声、摧化、吸附等特性，性能优越，气凝胶内部掺杂有TiO_2和硅酸铝纤维，有效地降低了红外透过率，并且提高了机械强度。
实施例3
一种改性岩棉材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
一、配制改性剂
S1：称取一定比例的甲基硅酸钠、硅酸钠加入搅拌罐搅拌混合10min；
S2：称取一定比例的气凝胶加入搅拌罐，调节搅拌罐的搅拌转速为1500转/min，并且与甲基硅酸钠与硅酸钠的混合物搅拌混合10min；
S3：称取一定比例的水加入搅拌罐中，并与甲基硅酸钠、硅酸钠与气凝胶的混合物混合5min；
S4：称取一定比例的硅溶胶加入搅拌罐中，并与甲基硅酸钠、硅酸钠、气凝胶与水的混合物混合10min；
二、将适量配置好的改性剂取导入至浸润槽内。
三、将待改性的岩棉材料放入至浸润槽中，并使其与改性剂充分浸润，直至浸润达到饱和。
四、将浸润达到饱和后的岩棉材料捞出浸润槽，并放置于压力机内，设计好规定压制厚度后开始对岩棉材料进行压制。
五、将压制后的岩棉材料放置于烘干机内，调节烘干温度范围为90℃-200℃，并对其进行充分烘干。
所制得的改性岩棉板的实验参数如下表：
Figure GDA0002184533740000041
以上通过具体实施方式和实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，但这些并非构成对本发明的限制。在不脱离本发明原理的情况下，本领域的技术人员还可做出许多变形和改进，这些也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种改性岩棉材料，其特征在于：所述改性岩棉材料压缩强度不低于150KPa，所述改性岩棉材料包括有上层岩棉板(101)、下层岩棉板(102)、连接块(103)、连接槽(104)、岩棉纤维(105)和气泡(106)，且上层岩棉板(101)和下层岩棉板(102)上分别设置有连接槽(104)和连接块(103)，上层岩棉板(101)和下层岩棉板(102)由岩棉纤维(105)组成，且岩棉纤维(105)上包覆有气泡(106)，连接槽(104)和连接块(103)相咬合，同时连接块(103)的顶端和连接槽(104)内侧端之间的间距与上层岩棉板(101)和下层岩棉板(102)之间的间距相等；所述改性岩棉材料含有有机硅酸盐、无机硅酸盐、硅溶胶固含物；所述改性岩棉材料还含有气凝胶；
所述有机硅酸盐具体为甲基硅酸钠，且甲基硅酸钠中混合有亚硝酸钠，无机硅酸盐为硅酸钠，且硅酸钠中的SiO2和Na2O的摩尔比为2.6～2.8，硅溶胶固含物为硅溶胶，且硅溶胶中SiO2质量百分浓度范围为10-35％，且硅溶胶中粒子径长范围为5-100nm；
所述气凝胶为纳米级多孔材料，其孔隙率大于90％，同时其密度小于0.001g/cm3，同时气凝胶内部掺杂有TiO2和硅酸铝纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种改性岩棉材料，其特征在于：所述改性岩棉材料垂直于表面的抗拉强度不低于120Kpa。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种改性岩棉材料，其特征在于：所述改性岩棉材料全浸体积吸水率不超过3.0％。
4.一种如权利要求1至3任一项所述的改性岩棉材料的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
S1：让改性剂充分浸润岩棉材料，直至浸润达到饱和；所述改性剂包含甲基硅酸钠及硅酸钠；
S2：压制被浸润的岩棉材料；
S3：烘干。
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