CN107438693A - 具有独立气体弹簧的液压锤 - Google Patents
具有独立气体弹簧的液压锤 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了一种用于与锤(12)一起使用的气体弹簧(38)。气体弹簧具有主体(44),其具有中心轴线(46)和孔(48),该孔与中心轴线对准并且延伸至主体的至少一个开口轴向端。气体弹簧还具有由主体完全包围并且彼此隔离的多个气室(50)。孔具有与多个气室连通的柔性环形壁。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锤,并且更具体地,涉及一种具有独立气体弹簧的液压锤。
背景技术
通常称为破碎器的液压锤可附接至各种机器用于研磨沥青、混凝土,石头和其它施工材料的目的。常规的锤包括具有接合待研磨材料的尖端的作业工具(例如,凿子)以及往复式活塞,其通过加压流体从锤重复地延伸以撞击在作业工具的基端上。在每次与作业工具接合之后,活塞缩回至锤中。
在常规的锤中,开口式充气腔位于锤内的活塞的基端处。腔体内部的气体(通常为氮气)用作弹簧,以在活塞的基端进入腔室并压缩气体的缩回冲程期间吸收来自活塞的能量,且然后在下一个延伸冲程期间通过抵着活塞的基端膨胀气体将能量返回至活塞。与这种布置相关联的一个问题涉及气体从腔体中泄漏。气体通过活塞周围的环形间隙泄漏,且腔体必须定期充气以维持锤的性能。
在Rautimo等人于1983年4月26日发布的第4,380,901号美国专利(“′901专利”)中公开了替代设计。具体地,′901专利公开了一种液压冲击机,其具有主体、设置在主体内的活塞以及设置成与活塞轴向对准并且在活塞上方的储液器。储液器具有通过隔膜与充液室分离的充气室。充液室经由多个通道与活塞的基端连通,且充气室与活塞隔离。储液器存储活塞冲程能量,其加速活塞撞击设置在机器的作业端处的工具上。
虽然′901专利的替代设计可能在活塞周围遭遇较少的气体泄漏,但是仍然可能是有问题的。具体地,充气室可能仍然通过锤中的其它路径泄漏,并且需要定期补充。另外,隔膜可能会在其周边泄漏,从而允许液体和气体混合并污染机器。
所公开的液压锤旨在克服上文阐述的一个或多个问题和/或现有技术的其它问题。
发明内容
一方面,本发明涉及一种气体弹簧。气体弹簧可包括主体,其具有中心轴线和孔,该孔与中心轴线对准并且延伸至主体的至少一个开口轴向端。气体弹簧还可包括多个气室,其由圆柱体完全包围并且彼此隔离。孔可具有与多个气室连通的柔性环形壁。
另一方面,本发明涉及另一种气体弹簧。此气体弹簧可包括圆柱体,其具有中心轴线和孔,该孔与中心轴线对准并且延伸至圆柱体的至少一个开口轴向端。气体弹簧还可包括多个气室,其由圆柱体完全包围。圆柱体可为在气体气氛中经由3D印刷工艺形成为单个部件的整体结构,该气体的至少一部分被包埋在多个气室中。孔可具有与多个气室连通的柔性环形壁,使得环形壁的向外弯曲压缩多个气室中的气体。
在又一方面中,本发明涉及一种往复式锤。往复式锤可包括框架,其形成镗孔并且具有第一端和第二端;设置在框架的第一端内的衬套;以及往复地设置在衬套中的作业工具。往复式锤还可包括活塞,其往复地设置在镗孔中并且具有配置成接合作业工具的作业端和与作业端相对定位的控制端。往复式锤可进一步包括可移除地连接至框架的第二端的头部,以及流体地连接至活塞的控制端的独立气体弹簧。
附图说明
图1是配备有示例性公开的液压锤的机器的等距图示;
图2和3是图1的液压锤的示例性部分的横截面图示;以及
图4至7是可形成图1至3的液压锤的一部分的示例性公开的气体弹簧的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1说明了连接有示例性公开的锤12的机器10。机器10可配置成执行与特定行业相关联的作业,诸如采矿或施工。例如,机器10可为反铲装载机(图1中所示)、挖掘机、滑移装载机或另一种机器。锤12可通过吊杆14和摇杆16枢转地连接至机器10,使得锤12可升降、移入和移出、卷曲和左右摆动。可预期,如果需要,可替代地利用不同的连杆装置来以另一种方式移动锤12。
锤12可包括外壳18和位于外壳18内的致动器组件20。外壳18可将致动器组件20连接至摇杆16并且为致动器组件20提供保护。作业工具22可操作地连接至致动器组件20的与摇杆16相对的端并且从外壳18突出。可预期,作业工具22可具有本领域中已知的任何配置。在所公开的实施例中,作业工具22是凿子钻头。
如图2的横截面图示中所示,致动器组件20可包括具有底端26和相对顶端28的框架或主壳体24。衬套30可在底端26处连接至框架24。衬套30可配置成往复地接纳作业工具22。活塞32可设置在框架24的孔内,且头部34可封闭框架24的顶端28,由此包围活塞32。如本领域中已知,液压流体可选择性地引导至框架24的孔内部的活塞32的不同液压表面,以使活塞32从框架24延伸并接合作业工具22或远离作业工具22缩回至框架24中。
头部34可在其中形成有气腔(“腔体”)36。腔体36可朝框架24开口,并且配置成接纳活塞32的控制端(即,与接合作业工具22的作业端相对的端)。具体地,在缩回冲程期间,活塞32的控制端可进入腔体36,由此减小腔体36的体积并使其中所含的气体压缩。在所公开的实施例中,腔体36中的气体是空气。然而,如果需要,可预期另一种气体(例如,主要是氮气)可替代地设置在腔体36中。
除了提供保存空气(或另一种气体)的空间之外,头部34的腔体36还可容纳独立气体弹簧38。腔体36内部的空气与气体弹簧38一起可用作能量回收机构。具体地,当活塞32通过其缩回冲程移动并压缩腔体36内部的空气时,压缩的空气可在气体弹簧38上施加向外的力,导致气体弹簧38也压缩。压缩空气和压缩气体弹簧38所需的能量可在压缩冲程结束期间从活塞32中吸收,由此减慢活塞32以准备改变方向。然后,在随后的延伸冲程期间,在活塞32改变行进方向之后,所吸收的大部分能量可返回至活塞32,使得活塞32在延伸方向上加速。应注意的是,由于锤12固有的低效率,从活塞32中吸收的某些能量可能以热的形式损耗。
图3说明了致动器组件20的替代实施例。类似于图2的实施例,图3的致动器组件20也可包括框架24、衬套30、作业工具22和头部34。然而,与图2的实施例相反,图3的致动器组件20可包括经由通道42流体地连接至头部34的气腔36的附加弹簧腔体40。弹簧腔体40可配置成容纳气体弹簧38,且通道42可允许通过活塞32在腔体36中的缩回运动而压缩的空气进入弹簧腔体40中,并且以上文关于图2的实施例描述的相同方式使气体弹簧38压缩。
由于具有单独的弹簧腔体40,致动器组件20的包装可更灵活。具体地,虽然弹簧腔体40被示为机械地连接至头部34并且位于致动器组件20的与活塞32轴向对准的一端处,但是弹簧腔体40可能位于锤12内的其它位置。即,只要可在气腔36与弹簧腔体40之间建立通道42,弹簧腔体40就可位于锤12上的任何地方或甚至靠近锤(例如,锤外侧)。这种配置还可在原始头部的尺寸不适于在内部容纳气体弹簧38时允许用气体弹簧38来改造现有的锤。
在图4中说明了示例性气体弹簧38。如此图中所见,气体弹簧38可包括主体44,其具有中心轴线46和孔48,该孔在主体44的轴向方向上延伸并且与轴线46对准。在一个示例中,主体44总体上为圆柱形并且配置成稍微符合部件壳体主体44(例如,气腔36或弹簧腔体40)的内部形状。在图4的实施例中,孔48在两个相对端处朝主体44开口,且孔48配置成接纳活塞32的控制端(参考图2)。可维持孔48的内壁与活塞32的外壁之间的环形间隙空间,使得活塞32在锤12的操作期间的任何时间均不会机械地接合主体44。
多个气室50可形成在主体44内部。在所公开的实施例中,每个气室50与剩余的气室50隔离。然而,如果需要,可预期一个或多个气室50可流体互连。气室50可填充可压缩气体,例如非反应性气体,诸如氮气(或主要是氮气的混合物)。在某些应用中,气室50可替代地填充有空气。在所公开的实施例中,主体44是在氮气(或空气)的气氛中经由3D印刷工艺形成为单个部件的整体结构,使得在形成过程期间,氮气被包埋在气室50中。然而,如果需要,可经由替代工艺(例如模制)来形成主体。
在图4的示例中,每个气室50均具有带正方形横截面的环形形状(即,总体上环状或圆环形)。利用这种配置,每个气室50均可沿着轴线46位于主体44的长度方向上的不同轴向位置处。孔48的内环形壁可为每个气室50所共用的,且随着气腔36或弹簧腔体40中的空气压力增加,内环形壁可向外弯曲至气室50中。内孔壁的这种向外弯曲可有效地减小每个气室50的体积,由此使气室50内的氮气压缩。在一个示例中,主体44(包括孔48的内环形壁)是由提供期望柔性的弹性材料(诸如天然橡胶或聚氨酯)制成。该材料可具有约70至95的A型肖氏硬度。
在图5中示出了气体弹簧38的替代实施例。类似于图4的实施例,图5的气体弹簧38也可包括具有轴线46、孔48和气室50的主体44。然而,与图4的实施例相反,图5的气室50可不同地定向和塑形。具体地,图5的气室50可为细长的、直的,并且定向在主体44的轴向方向上(即,总体上平行于轴线46定向)。另外,在图5的实施例中,气室50的横截面可为总体上梯形的。这些气室50中的每一个均可位于相同的总体轴向位置处,但是各自位于围绕主体44的周边的不同径向位置处。
在图6中示出了气体弹簧38的另一个替代实施例。类似于图4和5的实施例,图6的气体弹簧38也可包括具有轴线46、孔48和气室50的主体44。然而,与图4和5的实施例相反,图6的主体44和气室50可不同地定向和塑形。具体地,在图6的实施例中,主体44不再是整体结构,并且仅具有单个开口端。即,主体44可为多个环52的组件,每个环单独制造并且在轴向方向上堆叠在彼此的顶部上。通过使用多个单独的环52,可通过将不同数量、形状和/或尺寸的环52组装在一起来针对不同的应用选择性地定制由气体弹簧38提供的能量回收功能。另外,孔48可能不会向上延伸穿过位于主体44的封闭端处的最终环52。即,最终环52可容纳完全延伸穿过孔48的盘形气室50,由此在一端处将孔48封闭。此最终环52中的气室50可与剩余的气室50隔离。
在图6的实施例中,至少一个气室50可完全包在每个环52内,并且具有环形形状。另外,在图6的实施例中,气室50(即,除位于最终环52中的气室50之外的气室)的横截面可为圆形的(例如,圆形或椭圆形)。
在图7中示出了气体弹簧38的另一个替代实施例。类似于图4至6的实施例,图7的气体弹簧38也可包括具有轴线46、孔48和气室50的主体44。然而,与图4至7的实施例相反,图6的气室50可在多个位置处径向向内突出,使得气室50在孔48的内部呈现“鼓泡”的外观。在此示例中,主体44的形成可被严格地控制,使得将各个腔室50分离的主体44的壁可具有相同的一般厚度,允许壁均匀弯曲。这可能有助于提高气体弹簧38的性能一致性和耐用性。
应当注意的是,虽然在每个不同的气体弹簧实施例中示出了特定的特征,但是每个实施例可包括任何一个或多个不同特征。例如,如果需要,图4的主体44可由环52的组件制成。替代地,图6的最终环52可被添加至图4和5中的一个或两个的整体结构或与其成一体以将孔48封闭。另外,任何不同的实施例可具有正方形、圆形或梯形横截面。其它组合也是可能的。
工业实用性
所公开的液压锤可具有高效率、耐用性和低操作成本。具体地,因为所公开的液压锤可包括不具有可能泄漏的开口的独立气体弹簧,所以锤可在其整个使用寿命期间如设计般操作。换言之,锤的效率不应随着时间而劣化,因为气体弹簧38(是独立的)不应该泄漏。另外,因为所公开的锤可能不需要用高压气体定期地再充气,所以所公开的锤的寿命应该增加并且具有较少的相关停机和维护活动。另外,因为所公开的锤可能不需要填充有高压氮气,反而可在大气条件下使用空气,所以锤的初始成本和维护成本可能较低。
对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,可对本发明的锤和/或气体弹簧进行各种修改和改变。通过考虑说明书以及本文公开的方法和系统的实践,锤和/或气体弹簧的其它实施例对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。例如,可预期,如果需要,所公开的气体弹簧可用在与液压锤不相关的系统中。例如,所公开的气体弹簧可用在移动机器的支柱的减震器内部。说明书和实例旨在仅被认为是示例性的,其中本发明的真实范围是由所附权利要求和其等同物指示。
Claims (10)
1.一种气体弹簧(38),包括:
主体(44),具有中心轴线(46)和孔(48),所述孔与所述中心轴线对准并且延伸至所述主体的至少一个开口轴向端;以及
多个气室(50),其由所述主体完全包围并且彼此隔离,
其中所述孔具有与所述多个气室连通的柔性环形壁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的气体弹簧,其中所述孔延伸至所述主体的两个相对轴向端。
3.根据权利要求1所述的气体弹簧,其中所述主体是在气体气氛中经由3-D印刷工艺形成为单个部件的整体结构,其中一部分气体被包埋在所述多个气室中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的气体弹簧,其中所述多个气室中的每一个位于沿着所述主体的所述中心轴线的不同位置处。
5.根据权利要求1所述的气体弹簧,其中所述多个气室中的每一个位于围绕所述主体的所述中心轴线的不同径向位置处。
6.根据权利要求1所述的气体弹簧,其中所述多个气室中的每一个在与所述主体的所述轴线总体上平行的纵向方向上延伸。
7.根据权利要求1所述的气体弹簧,其中:
所述主体仅具有一个开口轴向端;
所述气体弹簧进一步包括与所述一个开口轴向端相对定位并且与所述多个气室隔离的附加气室;以及
所述附加气室延伸穿过所述孔。
8.根据权利要求1所述的气体弹簧,其中所述主体被分成各自形成为单独部件的多个堆叠环,所述多个堆叠环中的每一个包围所述多个气室中的至少一个。
9.根据权利要求1所述的气体弹簧,其中所述柔性环形壁是由天然橡胶制成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的气体弹簧,其中所述多个气室向内延伸以在所述孔内部形成多个气泡。
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US14/679499 | 2015-04-06 | ||
US14/679,499 US20160288306A1 (en) | 2015-04-06 | 2015-04-06 | Hydraulic hammer having self-contained gas spring |
PCT/US2016/024934 WO2016164225A1 (en) | 2015-04-06 | 2016-03-30 | Hydraulic hammer having self-contained gas spring |
Publications (1)
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CN107438693A true CN107438693A (zh) | 2017-12-05 |
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US (1) | US20160288306A1 (zh) |
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GB2587372B (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2022-09-07 | Berlin Packaging Uk Ltd | Improved fluid dispensers |
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2016
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- 2016-03-30 WO PCT/US2016/024934 patent/WO2016164225A1/en active Application Filing
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