CN107438468A - 透明玻璃板 - Google Patents

透明玻璃板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107438468A
CN107438468A CN201780000442.8A CN201780000442A CN107438468A CN 107438468 A CN107438468 A CN 107438468A CN 201780000442 A CN201780000442 A CN 201780000442A CN 107438468 A CN107438468 A CN 107438468A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
layer
optical material
glass plate
conductive
refraction optical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201780000442.8A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
K.菲舍尔
M.屈内
S.霍恩舒
R.齐默曼
M.亨泽勒
D.沙伊费尔
M.延森
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of CN107438468A publication Critical patent/CN107438468A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3618—Coatings of type glass/inorganic compound/other inorganic layers, at least one layer being metallic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3668—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having electrical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/023—Optical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/001—Double glazing for vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/361—Coatings of the type glass/metal/inorganic compound/metal/inorganic compound/other
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
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    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3639—Multilayers containing at least two functional metal layers
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    • C03C17/3644—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the metal being silver
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
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    • C03C17/3649—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer made of metals other than silver
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    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
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    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
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    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
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    • C03C17/3673—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having electrical properties specially adapted for use in heating devices for rear window of vehicles
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    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/416—Reflective
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Abstract

本发明涉及透明玻璃板，其包含至少一个透明基材(1)和至少一个在所述透明基材(1)的至少一个表面上的导电涂层(2)，其中所述导电涂层(2)具有至少四个彼此叠置的功能层(3)，和各个功能层(3)至少包含折射率≥1.3的高折射率光学材料层(4)，在所述高折射率光学材料层(4)之上的第一匹配层(5)，在所述第一匹配层(5)之上的导电层(6)，在所述导电层(6)之上的第二匹配层(7)。所述导电层(6)的每一层的层厚度可以为5 nm至25 nm，和所有导电层(6)的总的层厚度可以为20 nm至100 nm。至少一个布置在两个导电层(6)之间的高折射率光学材料层(4)包含折射率小于或等于2.1的介电材料层(8)和折射率大于或等于2.1的高折射率光学材料层(9)，其中在最上面的功能层(3)之上布置另一个折射率≥1.9的高折射率光学材料层(4.1)。

Description

透明玻璃板
本发明涉及具有导电涂层的透明玻璃板，制备所述玻璃板的方法及其用途。
对机动车辆的窗玻璃提出了高的要求。鉴于视野的大小和玻璃板的结构稳定性适用以下法律规定：
- ECE R 43：“许可安全玻璃和复合玻璃材料的统一规定”以及
- 在设计审核§ 22 a StVZO中对车辆部件的技术要求，“安全玻璃”。
复合玻璃板通常符合这些规定。复合玻璃板由两个或多个单玻璃板构成，特别是由浮法玻璃构成并且在热和压力下用一个或多个中间层彼此牢固接合。这些中间层大多由热塑性塑料如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）或乙烯醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）构成。
玻璃板可具有电加热功能，其基于透明的电涂层。这种导电涂层可具有多个金属和介电薄层。基于薄银层的涂层可成本有利地制备并且是老化稳定的。
这种导电涂层可用作针对红外区具有反射性能的涂层或还可用作可加热的涂层。WO 03/024155 A2例如公开了一种具有两个银层的导电涂层。
本发明的目的在于，提供具有改进的导电涂层的透明玻璃板。所述导电涂层应具有改进的反射性能。
本发明的目的根据本发明通过根据权利要求1的具有导电涂层的透明玻璃板实现。优选的实施方案由从属权利要求得出。用于制备具有导电涂层的透明玻璃板的方法和所述透明玻璃板的用途由其它权利要求得出。
本发明的透明玻璃板包括至少一个透明基材和在所述透明基材的至少一个表面上的至少一个导电涂层，其中所述导电涂层具有至少四个彼此叠置的功能层并且每个功能层至少包括
- 高折射率光学材料层，其具有≥1.3的折射率，
- 在所述高折射率光学材料层之上的第一匹配层，
- 在所述第一匹配层之上的导电层，
- 在所述导电层之上的第二匹配层，
其中所述导电层的每一层的层厚度为5 nm至25 nm，和所有导电层的总的层厚度为20nm至100 nm，和至少一个布置在两个导电层之间的高折射率光学材料层包含折射率小于或等于2.1的介电材料层和折射率大于或等于2.1的高折射率光学材料层，和在最上面的功能层之上布置另一个折射率≥1.9的高折射率光学材料层。
若第一层布置在第二层之上，则这意味着在本发明的范围内，所述第一层比所述第二层远离基材布置，其中在所述基材上施加了多个层。若第一层布置在第二层之下，则这意味着在本发明的范围内，所述第二层比所述第一层远离基材布置，其中在所述基材上施加了多个层。
在本发明的意义上，层可由一种材料构成。然而，层还可包含两个或更多个不同材料的单层。本发明的功能层包含例如至少一个高折射率光学材料层、第一和第二匹配层和导电层。
整个导电涂层的所有导电层的总的层厚度根据本发明为20 nm至100 nm。在对于所有含银层的总的厚度的该有利范围内，在两个汇流导体(Sammelleitern)之间的典型距离h和12 V至15 V的工作电压U下，有利地实现足够高的加热功率P和足够高的透射率。该涂层通常具有0.5欧姆/平方至1欧姆/平方的表面电阻。
本发明导电涂层的各个功能层具有至少一个布置在两个导电层之间的高折射率光学材料层，其包含折射率小于或等于2.1的介电材料层和折射率大于或等于2.1的高折射率光学材料层。
本发明的特别优点在于至少一个布置在两个导电层之间的高折射率光学材料层的实施方案，其根据本发明包含至少一个折射率小于2.1的介电材料层和至少一个折射率大于或等于2.1的高折射率光学材料层。意料之外地已显示，这种层构造导致高的透射率和颜色中性，和由此显著改进涂层的反射性能。
在本发明的意义上，当至少一个导电层布置于高折射率光学材料层之上且当一个导电层布置于高折射率光学材料层之下时，高折射率光学材料层位于两个导电层之间。然而，该布置不要求所述导电层和所述高折射率光学材料层之间的直接接触。
所述第一和/或第二匹配层优选可含有氧化锌。本发明的一个优选实施方案设计了，高折射率光学材料层的厚度可为10 nm至100 nm，其中布置在两个导电层之间的高折射率光学材料层至少具有20 nm的厚度。此外，所述高折射的材料层可具有大于或等于1.9的折射率和/或至少含有氮化硅或硅-金属-混合氮化物如SiZrN和它们的混合物。
在本发明的透明玻璃板的一个特别优选的实施方案中，所述高折射率光学材料层含有硅-锆-混合氮化物。该硅-锆-混合氮化物优选用靶沉积，所述靶含有40重量%至70重量%硅，30重量%至60重量%锆以及制备所需的混合物。所述靶特别优选地含有45重量%至60重量%硅，40重量%至55重量%锆以及制备所需的混合物。硅-锆-混合氮化物的沉积通过添加氮气作为阴极溅射期间的反应气体进行。
本发明透明玻璃板的另一优选的实施方案设计了平滑层，其可至少布置在两个导电层之间，特别是在第一匹配层之一之下。在此，所述平滑层可含有锌-锡-混合氧化物。沉积至较光滑表面上的导电层在同时较小的表面电阻下具有较高的透射率。导电层越薄，则该效应越有利。
在本发明透明玻璃板的另一优选的实施方案中，在最上面的功能层之上设计另一个折射率≥1.9的高折射率光学材料层。该层可含有作为高折射率光学材料的氮化硅。使用氮化硅保护布置于其之下的层免受腐蚀，使得功能层的光学性能与中间层的光学性能匹配并且是特别成本有利的。
针对折射率给出的值在633 nm的波长下借助氦氖激光器测量。
在本发明透明玻璃板的一个特别优选的实施方案中，所述导电层至少具有银或含银合金。所述含银层含有至少90重量%银，优选99.9重量%。所述含银层通过用于金属的层沉积的常规方法，例如通过真空方法如磁控阴极溅射来施加。
具有鉴于透射率、表面电阻和颜色值的期望的性能的匹配层、光滑层、高折射率光学材料层和含银层的层厚度对于本领域技术人员来说可以以简单的方式通过模拟在上文给出的层厚度的范围内得出。
在本发明透明玻璃板的一个有利的实施方案中，可电加热的涂层延伸至在其上施加所述涂层的玻璃板一侧面积的至少50%，优选至少70%和更优选至少90%。
此外优选的是，至少一个功能层具有一个与导电层邻接的阻隔层，并且所述阻隔层优选至少含有镍、铬或它们的合金。在此，所述阻隔层可具有0.1 nm至5 nm的厚度。在第二匹配层和含银层之间的阻隔层阻止在下一氧化锌层通过反应性阴极溅射的沉积期间敏感性含银层与氧化的反应性气氛接触。
所述匹配层、所述平滑层、所述高折射率光学材料层、所述阻隔层和所述含银层通过本身已知的方法，例如通过磁控阴极溅射沉积。该阴极溅射在例如氩的保护气体气氛中，或在反应性气体气氛中，例如通过添加氧气或氮气来进行。
透明玻璃板可经由热塑性中间层与第二玻璃板接合成复合玻璃板，且在此具有大于70%的总透射率。术语总透射率基于用于测试机动车辆玻璃板的透光性的由ECE-R 43,附录3, § 9.1规定的方法。所述复合玻璃板和/或中间层可具有楔形的横截面。楔形横截面的作用在于，在反射时不会出现额外的非期望的双图像。
可电加热的涂层优选在其上施加所述涂层的玻璃板一侧的整个表面上延伸，扣除环绕的框形的去涂层区域，该去涂层区域的宽度为2 mm至20 mm，优选5 mm至10 mm。该区域起到带电涂层和车辆车身之间的电绝缘作用。该去涂层区域优选通过中间层或丙烯酸酯粘合剂作为蒸汽扩散阻挡物气密性密封。通过所述蒸汽扩散阻挡物使腐蚀敏感性涂层被保护免受潮气和空气氧。所述可电加热的涂层可额外地在另外的区域中去涂层，该区域例如用作数据传输窗口或通信窗口。所述透明玻璃板在所述另外的去涂层区域中针对电磁辐射和尤其是红外辐射是可透过的。
在本发明透明玻璃板的一个优选的实施方案中，所述可电加热的涂层经由汇流导体与电源接合，并且施加在可电加热的涂层上的电压具有12 V至15 V的值。
透明的导电涂层与用于传输电功率的汇流导体（所谓的汇流母线(bus bars)）接合。
所述汇流导体有利地通过导电糊料的印制来制备，其在玻璃板的弯曲之前和/或弯曲时进行烧制。所述导电糊料优选含有银颗粒和玻璃料（Glasfritten）。烧制的银糊料的层厚度优选为5 μm至20 μm。
在所述汇流导体的一个备选实施方案中，使用薄的且狭长的金属箔条或金属丝，其优选含有铜和/或铝，特别地使用厚度为约50 μm的铜箔条。所述铜箔条的宽度优选为1mm至10 mm。所述金属箔条或金属丝在复合层的合并时置于涂层上。在随后的高压釜工艺中，通过热和压力的作用实现汇流导体和涂层之间的可靠的电接触。涂层和汇流导体之间的电接触可备选地通过与导电粘合剂的钎焊或粘合来制备。
作为用于复合玻璃板内部的汇流导体接触的引线(Zuleitung)，在车辆领域中通常使用箔导体。柔性箔导体，下文还称为扁平导体或扁带导体，优选由厚度为0.03 mm至0.1mm且宽度为2 mm至16 mm的镀锡铜带构成。铜被证明用于这种带状导线是合适的，因为其具有良好的导电性以及可以良好地加工成箔。同时，材料成本是低的。还可使用其它导电材料，其可被加工成箔。对此的实例为铝、金、银或锡以及它们的合金。
镀锡铜带出于电绝缘和出于稳定的考虑被施加至塑料载体材料上或两侧用该塑料载体材料层压。该绝缘材料通常含有0.025 mm至0.05 mm厚的基于聚酰亚胺的箔。可同样使用具有所需的绝缘性能的其它塑料或材料。在箔导体带中可存在多个彼此电绝缘的导电层。
适合用于接触复合玻璃板中的导电层的箔导体仅具有0.3 mm的总厚度。这样薄的箔导体可以毫无困难地嵌入各个玻璃板之间的热塑性粘合层中。
备选地，薄的金属丝也可用作引线。所述金属丝特别地含有铜、钨、金、银或铝或这些金属中的至少两种的合金。合金还可含有钼、铼、锇、铱、钯或铂。
在本发明透明玻璃板的一个优选的实施方案中，可电加热的涂层具有500 W/m2至700 W/m2的加热功率。
本发明进一步包括用于制备具有导电涂层的透明玻璃板的方法，其中将至少四个功能层依次施加至透明基材上，并且各个功能层包含至少一个折射率≥1.3的高折射率光学材料层，其中在所述高折射率光学材料层之上布置第一匹配层，在所述第一匹配层之上布置导电层，在所述导电层之上布置第二匹配层。所述导电层的每一层的层厚度为5 nm至25 nm，和所有导电层的总的层厚度为20 nm至100 nm。此外，布置在两个导电层之间的高折射率光学材料层包含
• 折射率小于或等于2.1的介电材料层，和
• 折射率大于或等于2.1的高折射率光学材料层，
其中在最上面的功能层(3)之上布置另一个折射率≥1.9的高折射率光学材料层(4.1)。
本发明进一步包括所述透明玻璃板作为车辆中的玻璃板，尤其是作为机动车辆中的挡风玻璃的用途。
下文借助附图和实施例详细阐述本发明。附图是示意性说明，而不完全符合规格。附图不以任何方式限制本发明。
显示了：
图1通过根据本发明的具有导电涂层的透明玻璃板的一个实施方案的横截面，
图2作为复合玻璃板一部分的本发明透明玻璃板的顶视图，和
图3沿图2中的剖面线A-A'的横截面图。
在以下附图中，示出本发明的透明玻璃板例如作为载客汽车的挡风玻璃的一个实施方案。图1示出具有基材1和导电涂层2的根据本发明构成的透明玻璃板。
可电加热的涂层2包含四个功能层3 (3.1, 3.2, 3.3和3.4)，其表面覆盖地彼此叠置。各个功能层3包含
- 高折射率光学材料层4 (4.1, 4.2, 4.3和4.4)，其含有氮化硅(Si3N4)，
- 第一匹配层5 (5.1, 5.2, 5.3和5.4)，其含有氧化锌(ZnO)，
- 导电层6 (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4)，其含有银或含银合金，
- 第二匹配层10 (10.1, 10.2, 10.3和10.4)，其含有氧化锌(ZnO)。
所述层以所给出的次序以与基材1渐增的距离布置。在最上面的功能层3.4之上设计了另一个折射率为1.9至2.1的高折射率光学材料层4.1。该另外的层和涂层2的最下面的层分别含有作为高折射率光学材料的氮化硅(Si3N4)并且层厚度为10 nm至50 nm。氮化硅作为覆盖层用于保护在其下布置的层。
所述第一匹配层5和所述第二匹配层7分别含有折射率为1.8至2.0的氧化锌(ZnO)并且层厚度为2 nm至20 nm，优选5-10 nm。
所述导电涂层2的各个功能层3具有布置在两个导电层6之间的高折射率光学材料层4.2, 4.3, 4.4，其包含折射率为1.9至2.1的介电材料层8.2, 8.3, 8.4和折射率为2.1至2.3的高折射率光学材料层9.2, 9.3, 9.4。
折射率小于或等于2.1的介电材料层8.2, 8.3, 8.4含有氮化硅并且具有10 nm至50 nm，特别地20 nm至40 nm的层厚度。
折射率大于或等于2.1的高折射率光学材料层9.2, 9.3, 9.4含有硅-锆-混合氮化物(SiZrNx)并且具有10 nm至50 nm，特别优选15 nm至30 nm的层厚度。
所述导电层6 (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4)含有银并且具有5 nm至25 nm的层厚度。特别优选11 nm至18 nm的层厚度。所有导电层6 (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4)的总的层厚度为57nm。
在各个导电层6 (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4)和其上布置的第二匹配层7之间布置了阻隔层11。所述阻隔层 11例如由0.2 nm至0.4 nm厚的层构成，其含有镍、铬或其合金并且借助磁控阴极溅射来沉积。
在两个导电层6之间分别设计平滑层 10.2, 10.3, 10.4，其分别布置在第一匹配层5.2, 5.3, 5.4之一之下。所述平滑层10.2, 10.3, 10.4含有锌-锡-混合氧化物(ZnSnO)并且具有2-20 nm，优选5-10 nm的层厚度。
确切的层次序以及层厚度在表1中示出。
所述高折射率光学材料层4、所述平滑层10、所述匹配层5和7以及导电层6通过阴极溅射沉积。用于沉积所述匹配层5和7的靶含有92重量%氧化锌(ZnO)。用于沉积所述平滑层 10的靶含有68重量%锡、30重量%锌。用于沉积所述高折射率光学材料层4的靶含有52.9重量%硅、43.8重量%锆。所述平滑层10的沉积在阴极溅射期间在加入作为反应气体的氧气下进行。所述高折射率光学材料层4的沉积在阴极溅射期间在加入作为反应气体的氮气下进行。
图2和图3分别显示作为复合玻璃板一部分的本发明透明玻璃板的细节。复合玻璃板被设计为载客汽车(PKW)的挡风玻璃。所述透明基材1经由热塑性中间层12接合。图2显示所述透明基材1的背向所述热塑性中间层的表面的顶视图。所述透明基材1为面向载客汽车的内部空间的玻璃板。所述透明基材1和所述第二玻璃板13含有浮法玻璃并且具有各2.1mm的厚度。所述热塑性中间层12含有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)并且具有0.76mm的厚度。
将所述导电涂层2施加至所述透明基材1的面向所述热塑性中间层12的表面上。所述导电涂层2是具有相应的电接触的可电加热的涂层。所述导电涂层2在透明基材1的整个表面上延伸，扣除环绕的框形的无涂层区域，该无涂层区域的宽度b为约8mm。该无涂层区域起到带电的电涂层2和车辆车身之间的电绝缘作用。该无涂层区域通过与所述中间层12的粘合被气密性密封，以使所述导电涂层2被保护免受损害和腐蚀。
在所述透明基材1的外部的上和下边缘处分别布置一个汇流导体14，用于电接触所述导电涂层2。所述汇流导体14借助导电银糊料印制在导电涂层2上并烧制。烧制的银糊料的层厚度为15 μm。所述汇流导体14与所述导电涂层2的位于其下的区域导电性地接合。
所述汇流导体14分别与引线15焊接。所述引线15由宽度为10mm和厚度为0.3mm的镀锡铜箔构成。可电加热的涂层2经由所述汇流导体14和所述引线15与电源16接合。所述电源16为例如机动车辆的14 V、24 V或40 V车载电压。
在第二玻璃板13上，在面向热塑性中间层12的表面的边缘处框形地施加作为遮盖印刷物17的宽度a为20mm的不透明着色层。所述遮盖印刷物17遮盖使透明玻璃板粘合入车辆车身内的粘合剂股线的可视性。所述遮盖印刷物17同时用作对粘合剂免于UV-射线的保护和因此作为对粘合剂的过早老化的保护。此外，所述汇流导体14和所述引线15被所述遮盖印刷物17遮盖。

Claims (13)

1.透明玻璃板，其包含至少一个透明基材(1)和至少一个在所述透明基材(1)的至少一个表面上的导电涂层(2)，其中
所述导电涂层(2)具有至少四个彼此叠置的功能层(3)，和各个功能层(3)至少包含
• 折射率≥1.3的高折射率光学材料层(4)，
• 在所述高折射率光学材料层(4)之上的第一匹配层(5)，
• 在所述第一匹配层(5)之上的导电层(6)，
• 在所述导电层(6)之上的第二匹配层(7)，其中
所述导电层(6)的每一层的层厚度为5 nm至25 nm，和所有导电层(6)的总的层厚度为20 nm至100 nm，和至少一个布置在两个导电层(6)之间的高折射率光学材料层(4)包含
• 折射率小于或等于2.1的介电材料层(8)，和
• 折射率大于或等于2.1的高折射率光学材料层(9)，和
在最上面的功能层(3)之上布置另一个折射率≥1.9的高折射率光学材料层(4.1)。
2.根据权利要求1的透明玻璃板，其中所述高折射率光学材料层(4)的厚度为10 nm至100 nm。
3.根据权利要求1至2任一项的透明玻璃板，其中所述高折射率光学材料层(4)优选具有大于或等于1.9的折射率。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项的的透明玻璃板，其中所述布置在两个导电层(6)之间的高折射率光学材料层(4.2, 4.3, 4.4)的厚度为20 nm至100 nm。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项的的透明玻璃板，其中所述高折射率光学材料层(4.1,4.2, 4.3, 4.4)至少具有氮化硅。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项的的透明玻璃板，其中所述布置在两个导电层(6)之间的高折射率光学材料层(4.2, 4.3, 4.4)具有硅-锆-混合氮化物。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项的的透明玻璃板，其中至少在两个导电层(6)之间布置在所述第一匹配层(5)之一之下的平滑层(10)。
8.根据权利要求1至7任一项的的透明玻璃板，其中所述导电层(6)至少具有银或含银合金。
9.根据权利要求1至8任一项的的透明玻璃板，其中至少一个功能层(3)，优选各个功能层(3)具有与所述导电层(6)邻接的阻隔层(11)，并且所述阻隔层(11)优选至少含有镍、铬或它们的合金。
10.根据权利要求9的透明玻璃板，其中所述阻隔层(11)具有0.1nm至5 nm的厚度。
11.根据权利要求1至10任一项的的透明玻璃板，其中所述透明基材(1)经由至少一个热塑性中间层(12)与第二玻璃板(13)接合成复合玻璃板，并且其中所述复合玻璃板具有优选大于70%的总透射率。
12.用于制备根据权利要求1至11任一项的具有导电涂层(2)的透明玻璃板的方法，其中将至少四个功能层(3)依次施加至透明基材(1)上，并且为施加各个功能层(3)依次至少施加
• 折射率≥1.3的高折射率光学材料层(4)，
• 在所述高折射率光学材料层(4)之上的第一匹配层(5)，
• 在所述第一匹配层(5)之上的导电层(6)，
• 在所述导电层(6)之上的第二匹配层(7)，
其中所述导电层(6)的每一层的层厚度为5 nm至25 nm，和所有导电层(6)的总的层厚度为20 nm至100 nm，和
至少在两个导电层(6)之间施加
• 折射率小于或等于2.1的介电材料层(8)，和
• 折射率大于或等于2.1的高折射率光学材料层(9)，和
在最上面的功能层(3)之上布置另一个折射率≥1.9的高折射率光学材料层(4.1)。
13.根据权利要求1至11任一项的透明玻璃板在车辆中，尤其是在机动车辆中作为挡风玻璃的用途。
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