CN107436338A - The evaluation method of dynamic resistance to suction stability during a kind of cigarette burning - Google Patents
The evaluation method of dynamic resistance to suction stability during a kind of cigarette burning Download PDFInfo
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- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of evaluation method of dynamic resistance to suction stability during cigarette burning, comprise the following steps：If first Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches cigarette is placed under same experimental situation and is balanced processing, then m branch test samples are chosen for same specification cigarette；The test sample of selection is fixed on one channel smoke sucking machine one by one again, lights test sample, and start recording pressure data and time data, obtains test sample by mouth dynamic resistance to suction data；Cigarette dynamic resistance to suction data are handled, then cigarette dynamic resistance to suction stability evaluated according to the evaluation index of structure.The method of the invention simple possible, can during quantitative assessment cigarette burning dynamic resistance to suction stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cigarette quality evaluation, and particularly relates to an evaluation method for dynamic resistance-smoking stability in a cigarette combustion process.
Background
The cigarette sensory quality is not only influenced by important indexes such as cigarette weight, suction resistance, ventilation rate, hardness, pressure drop and the like under a static condition, but also influenced by the indexes such as the suction resistance, the ventilation rate, the pressure drop and the like of the cigarette in the burning and smoking process, wherein the dynamic suction resistance directly influences the feeling of a consumer on the cigarette sensory quality in the burning and smoking process of the cigarette and is one of important factors influencing the composition of chemical components in smoke.
At present, domestic tobacco science and technology workers have already started to perform related research on the determination of the dynamic smoke resistance of cigarette combustion, however, the research on the evaluation of the stability of the dynamic smoke resistance in the cigarette combustion process is still in the initial stage, and the evaluation methods of the stability of the dynamic smoke resistance in the cigarette combustion process are few. The Chinese invention patent (CN201611189773.4) adopts a method of single-factor variance analysis to judge whether the dynamic resistance of the cigarette of the brand is stable or not by solving a group of P values of dynamic resistance data, and specifically, the method can only judge whether the dynamic resistance data of the cigarette of a certain brand is obvious or not by the P values, but can not compare the dynamic resistance stability of the cigarettes of two different brands.
In order to investigate the stability of dynamic resistance of cigarettes of two different brands or cigarettes of two different processing levels in the combustion process, an evaluation method needs to be established again. Therefore, the establishment of the quantitative evaluation method for the dynamic resistance of the cigarettes in the combustion process has important practical significance for evaluating the dynamic resistance of the cigarettes of different brands.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an evaluation method of dynamic resistance to draw stability in the cigarette combustion process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for evaluating dynamic resistance-smoking stability in a cigarette combustion process comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a plurality of cigarettes in the same experimental environment for balance treatment, selecting a plurality of samples for testing the cigarettes of the same specification to obtain the average mass of the cigarettes of the specification, selecting m test samples from the cigarettes of the specification, wherein the mass of each test sample is required to be less than 10mg of the upper and lower fluctuation compared with the average mass of the cigarettes of the specification; wherein m is more than or equal to 5;
(2) fixing the m test samples obtained in the step (1) on a single-pore smoke sucking machine one by one, igniting the test samples, starting to record pressure data and time data, sucking n mouths by each test sample, and obtaining mouth-by-mouth dynamic resistance data of the test samples through conversion; wherein n is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10;
(3) according to the dynamic suction resistance data of the test sample obtained in the step (2), obtaining a matrix A which is composed of n multiplied by m, namely:
wherein, aijRepresents the dynamic suction resistance value of the jth test sample when the jth port sucks, i is 1,2,3 … n, j is 1,2,3 … m;
(4) constructing matrices B and D from matrix a, namely:
wherein,
and d isijObeying a standard normal distribution N (0, 1);
(5) evaluation index η' ═ η1η2… ηm]WhereinTo obtainThe smaller the evaluation index η, the better the dynamic resistance to draw stability of the cigarette of the type specification.
Preferably, the balancing treatment in the step (1) is to spread the cigarettes in a tray for balancing for not less than 48 hours, and the experimental environment of the balancing treatment is that the temperature is 22 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity is 60 +/-5%.
Preferably, the single-hole smoking machine parameters in the step (2) are set as follows: aspiration volume 35mL, aspiration time 2s, interval time 60s, pressure acquisition frequency 50 Hz.
Preferably, step (2) is carried out in an environment having a temperature of 22. + -. 2 ℃ and a relative humidity of 60. + -. 5%.
According to the fact that the dynamic cigarette suction resistance is distributed along with the number of the suction openings and is large at two ends and small in middle, the invention firstly makes a distribution curve of the dynamic cigarette suction resistance along with the number of the suction openings, processes the dynamic cigarette suction resistance data, and then evaluates the dynamic cigarette suction resistance stability according to the constructed evaluation index.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the dynamic resistance distribution of two grades of cigarettes of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the dynamic resistance distribution of two grades of cigarettes in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the dynamic resistance profiles of two grades of cigarettes of example 3.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and those who do not specify any particular technique or condition in the examples follow the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or follow the product specification.
In step (2) of the following embodiment, the method for converting pressure data into dynamic suction resistance data includes the following steps:
(1) and (3) fitting a pressure function curve: during a pumping period, let the pressure function be p (t), the maximum value of pressure be Pmax, draw a scatter diagram of the pressure data, and perform a sine curve fitting on p (t), where p (t) is asin (bt + c) and Pmax is a; determining values of fitting parameters a, b and c;
(2) determination of the pumping period T: from the nature of sinusoidal functionsTo obtain
(3) Determination of the proportionality coefficient K: in one period, the suction flow function is V (t), the maximum suction flow value is Vmax, and V (t) Kasin (bt + c) and Vmax Ka are provided, and the unit of K is Pa · s/mL;
the suction capacity is known as Q mL, according toTo obtain
(4) Dynamic suction resistance P17.5Determination of (1): since the suction flow rate is proportional to the pressure, i.e.The following can be obtained:wherein, V17.5This indicates a suction flow rate of 17.5 mL/s.
Example 1
The evaluation method of the invention is adopted to comparatively analyze the dynamic resistance-smoking stability of domestic fine cigarette ENNI and Tianxianlou, and comprises the following steps:
(1) flatly laying a plurality of cigarettes in a tray to balance for 48 hours in an environment with the temperature of 22 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60 +/-5%, then selecting 30 samples of the cigarettes of the same specification to test to obtain the average mass of the cigarettes of the specification, and selecting 5 test samples of the cigarettes of the specification, wherein the mass of each test sample is required to meet the condition that the upper-lower floating movement is not more than 10mg compared with the average mass of the cigarettes of the specification;
(2) fixing the 5 test samples obtained in the step (1) on a single-pore smoking machine one by one in an environment with the temperature of 22 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60 +/-5%, igniting the test samples by using a cigarette lighter (the contact time of the cigarette lighter and cigarettes is 10s), starting to record pressure data and time data, smoking 5 mouths for each test sample, and obtaining dynamic smoke resistance data of the test samples one by one through conversion, wherein the dynamic smoke resistance data of the test samples are shown in a table 1 and a table 2; wherein, the single-pore smoke suction machine parameter sets up to: the suction capacity is 35mL, the suction time is 2s, the interval time is 60s, and the pressure acquisition frequency is set to be 50 Hz;
TABLE 1 dynamic resistance to draw data for cigarette ENNI
TABLE 2 cigarette dynamic draw resistance data of the world
(3) Respectively obtaining a matrix A according to the port-by-port dynamic resistance data of the test sample obtained in the step (2)1And matrix A2All have 5 × 5 number components, namely:
wherein, aijRepresents the dynamic suction resistance value of the j test sample when the j test sample is sucked at the i port, i is 1,2,3,4,5, j is 1,2,3,4,5；
(4) According to
From matrix A1Constructing matrix B1And D1From a matrix A2Constructing matrix B2And D2Namely:
(5) evaluation index η' ═ η1η2… η5]WhereinTo obtainThe fine cigarette ENNI has η of 0.0110, the fine cigarette has η of 0.0038 of the Tianxianlou and has a smaller η value, so the density uniformity of the fine cigarette is better, namely the dynamic resistance stability is better.
And (3) plotting the data obtained in the step (2) by taking the number of the suction openings as a horizontal axis coordinate and the suction resistance data as a vertical axis coordinate to obtain a variation curve of the suction resistance of the cigarette with the specification in the burning and smoking process, as shown in figure 1. As further seen from figure 1, the cigarette in the world famous building has better dynamic resistance-smoking stability.
Example 2
The evaluation method of the invention is adopted to comparatively analyze the dynamic resistance-smoking stability of domestic fine cigarette ENNI and Tianxianlou, and comprises the following steps:
(1) flatly laying a plurality of cigarettes in a tray to balance for 48 hours in an environment with the temperature of 22 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60 +/-5%, then selecting 30 samples of the cigarettes of the same specification to test to obtain the average mass of the cigarettes of the specification, and selecting 5 test samples of the cigarettes of the specification, wherein the mass of each test sample is required to meet the condition that the upper-lower floating movement is not more than 10mg compared with the average mass of the cigarettes of the specification;
(2) fixing the 5 test samples obtained in the step (1) on a single-pore smoking machine one by one in an environment with the temperature of 22 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60 +/-5%, igniting the test samples by using a cigarette lighter (the contact time of the cigarette lighter and cigarettes is 10s), starting to record pressure data and time data, smoking 5 mouths for each test sample, and obtaining dynamic smoke resistance data of the test samples one by one through conversion, such as tables 3 and 4; wherein, the single-pore smoke suction machine parameter sets up to: the suction capacity is 35mL, the suction time is 2s, the interval time is 60s, and the pressure acquisition frequency is set to be 50 Hz;
TABLE 3 dynamic resistance to draw data for cigarette ENNI
TABLE 4 cigarette dynamic suction resistance data of the world famous building
(3) Respectively obtaining a matrix A according to the port-by-port dynamic resistance data of the test sample obtained in the step (2)1And matrix A2All have 5 × 5 number components, namely:
wherein, aijRepresents the dynamic suction resistance value of the jth test sample when the jth port sucks, i is 1,2,3,4,5, j is 1,2,3,4, 5;
(4) according to
From matrix A1Constructing matrix B1And D1From a matrix A2Constructing matrix B2And D2Namely:
(5) evaluation index η' ═ η1η2… η5]WhereinTo obtainThe fine cigarette ENNI has η of 0.0112, the fine cigarette has η of 0.0028 in the world of the small cigarette and has a smaller η value in the world of the small cigarette, so the density uniformity of the cigarettes in the world of the fine cigarette is better, namely the dynamic resistance stability is better.
And (3) plotting the data obtained in the step (2) by taking the number of the suction openings as a horizontal axis coordinate and the suction resistance data as a vertical axis coordinate to obtain a variation curve of the suction resistance of the cigarette with the specification in the burning and smoking process, as shown in figure 2. As further seen from FIG. 2, the cigarette dynamic resistance of the world famous building is really good in stability, and meanwhile, the evaluation method is reliable and stable.
Example 3
The evaluation method of the invention is adopted to comparatively analyze the dynamic resistance-smoking stability of the domestic conventional cigarette sephar and the standard cigarette 3R4F, and comprises the following steps:
(1) flatly laying a plurality of cigarettes in a tray to balance for 48 hours in an environment with the temperature of 22 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60 +/-5%, then selecting 30 samples of the cigarettes of the same specification to test to obtain the average mass of the cigarettes of the specification, and selecting 5 test samples of the cigarettes of the specification, wherein the mass of each test sample is required to meet the condition that the upper-lower floating movement is not more than 10mg compared with the average mass of the cigarettes of the specification;
(2) fixing the 5 test samples obtained in the step (1) on a single-pore smoking machine one by one in an environment with the temperature of 22 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60 +/-5%, igniting the test samples by using a cigarette lighter (the contact time of the cigarette lighter and cigarettes is 10s), starting to record pressure data and time data, smoking 5 mouths for each test sample, and obtaining dynamic smoke resistance data of the test samples one by one through conversion, such as tables 5 and 6; wherein, the single-pore smoke suction machine parameter sets up to: the suction capacity is 35mL, the suction time is 2s, the interval time is 60s, and the pressure acquisition frequency is set to be 50 Hz;
TABLE 5 dynamic draw resistance data for Standard cigarette 3R4F
TABLE 6 dynamic resistance data of the seven wolfs of cigarettes
(3) Respectively obtaining a matrix A according to the port-by-port dynamic resistance data of the test sample obtained in the step (2)1And matrix A2All have 5 × 5 number components, namely:
wherein, aijRepresents the dynamic suction resistance value of the jth test sample when the jth port sucks, i is 1,2,3,4,5, j is 1,2,3,4, 5;
(4) according to
From matrix A1Constructing matrix B1And D1From a matrix A2Constructing matrix B2And D2Namely:
(5) evaluation index η' ═ η1η2… η5]WhereinTo obtainThe standard cigarette 3R4F has η of 0.0037, the conventional cigarette septoria septemfasciata has η of 0.0166, and the 3R4F cigarette has smaller value of η, so that the cigarette density uniformity of 3R4F is better, namely the dynamic resistance suction stability is better.
And (3) plotting the data obtained in the step (2) by taking the number of the suction openings as a horizontal axis coordinate and the suction resistance data as a vertical axis coordinate to obtain a variation curve of the suction resistance of the cigarette with the specification in the burning and smoking process, as shown in figure 3. As further seen from FIG. 3, the cigarette dynamic resistance smoking stability of 3R4F is better, and the reliability of the evaluation method of the invention is also demonstrated.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for evaluating dynamic resistance-smoking stability in a cigarette combustion process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing a plurality of cigarettes in the same experimental environment for balance treatment, selecting a plurality of samples for testing the cigarettes of the same specification to obtain the average mass of the cigarettes of the specification, selecting m test samples from the cigarettes of the specification, wherein the mass of each test sample is required to be less than 10mg of the upper and lower fluctuation compared with the average mass of the cigarettes of the specification; wherein m is more than or equal to 5;
(2) fixing the m test samples obtained in the step (1) on a single-pore smoke sucking machine one by one, igniting the test samples, starting to record pressure data and time data, sucking n mouths by each test sample, and obtaining mouth-by-mouth dynamic resistance data of the test samples through conversion; wherein n is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10;
(3) according to the dynamic suction resistance data of the test sample obtained in the step (2), obtaining a matrix A which is composed of n multiplied by m, namely:
<mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>11</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>12</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>...</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>21</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>22</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>...</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow></mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow></mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow></mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>...</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
wherein, aijRepresents the dynamic suction resistance value of the jth test sample when the jth port sucks, i is 1,2,3 … n, j is 1,2,3 … m;
(4) constructing matrices B and D from matrix a, namely:
<mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>,</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>11</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>12</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>...</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>21</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>22</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>...</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow></mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow></mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow></mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>...</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
wherein,
and d isijObeying a standard normal distribution N (0, 1);
(5) evaluation index η' ═ η1η2… ηm]WhereinTo obtainThe smaller the evaluation index η, the better the dynamic resistance to draw stability of the cigarette of the type specification.
2. The method for evaluating the dynamic resistance-to-draw stability in the cigarette combustion process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the balancing treatment in the step (1) is to lay the cigarettes in a tray for balancing for not less than 48 hours, wherein the experimental environment of the balancing treatment is that the temperature is 22 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity is 60 +/-5%.
3. The method for evaluating the dynamic resistance-to-draw stability in the cigarette combustion process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the parameters of the single-hole smoke sucking machine in the step (2) are set as follows: aspiration volume 35mL, aspiration time 2s, interval time 60s, pressure acquisition frequency 50 Hz.
4. The method for evaluating the dynamic resistance-to-draw stability in the cigarette combustion process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step (2) is carried out in the environment with the temperature of 22 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60 +/-5 percent.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108279256A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-07-13 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | A kind of cigarette based on temperature barycenter deflagrates rate characterizing method |
| CN112082923A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-15 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for accurately detecting and quantitatively characterizing cigarette smoking ease |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2011409A1 (en) * | 2007-07-04 | 2009-01-07 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Resistance-to-draw measuring device |
| CN106525646A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-03-22 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | Method for evaluating stability of dynamic suction resistance in cigarette combustion suction process and apparatus for measuring dynamic suction resistance |
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2017
- 2017-09-01 CN CN201710777500.XA patent/CN107436338B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2011409A1 (en) * | 2007-07-04 | 2009-01-07 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Resistance-to-draw measuring device |
| CN106525646A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-03-22 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | Method for evaluating stability of dynamic suction resistance in cigarette combustion suction process and apparatus for measuring dynamic suction resistance |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108279256A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-07-13 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | A kind of cigarette based on temperature barycenter deflagrates rate characterizing method |
| CN112082923A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-15 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for accurately detecting and quantitatively characterizing cigarette smoking ease |
| CN112082923B (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2024-05-28 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for accurately detecting and quantitatively representing smoking easiness of cigarettes |
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