CN107436175B - Continuously distributed formula optical fiber vibration sensing device and method with wideband sensing function - Google Patents
Continuously distributed formula optical fiber vibration sensing device and method with wideband sensing function Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
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- 238000000253 optical time-domain reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of continuously distributed formula optical fiber vibration sensing device with wideband sensing function, including impulse generator, first laser device, second laser, pulse-modulator, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, the first wavelength division multiplexer, optical circulator, detection optical fiber, the second wavelength division multiplexer, the first photodetector, the second photodetector and data acquisition card.The detection method of the invention also discloses a kind of continuously distributed formula optical fiber vibration sensing device with wideband sensing function, the present invention pass through the backward Rayleigh scattering optical modulator generated to continuous light and pulsed light, realize wideband sensing and state event location to vibration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a continuous distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device with broadband sensing capability and a method thereof.
Background
With the development of national economy, China enters a large-scale construction stage of large-scale infrastructure, mainly including underground transmission systems (such as water supply and drainage pipelines, gas pipelines and coal transmission systems), rail transit systems (such as high-speed rail tracks, subway tracks and light rail tracks), large-scale civil engineering construction (such as large bridges) and the like, so that in practical application, the structural health state of the ultra-long-distance and large-scale infrastructure needs to be monitored, and the development and reliable monitoring system of the large-scale infrastructure becomes a hotspot of current research.
Health monitoring of these large infrastructures requires not only that the monitoring system be able to find faults in time, locate accident sites quickly and accurately, but also identify fault types according to fault characteristics. These large infrastructure failures are often manifested as vibration events, and many applications have failure frequencies up to tens of megahertz, such as sudden material fractures in large buildings, cracks in pipe walls, etc., which require a wide detection frequency range for the monitoring system.
At present, phi-OTDR is a vibration monitoring system which is most widely applied in a reported distributed vibration sensing system based on an optical time domain reflectometer technology, but the frequency response range of the phi-OTDR is limited by the monitoring distance, a spectrum folding phenomenon exists, and a high-frequency event cannot be accurately detected; although the optical fiber distributed vibration sensing system based on the interference principle has the advantage of wide detectable frequency range, vibration positioning is difficult to realize, and single-ended monitoring cannot be realized by the interferometer structure, which brings much inconvenience to practical engineering application. Therefore, for the above application requirements, research teams have proposed to combine the Φ -OTDR and the interferometer structure to achieve simultaneous sensing of the vibration position and frequency, Yixin Zhang, Lan Xia of the university of south kyoto and so on use a fusion system of MZI and Φ -OTDR in "hybrid single-end-access MZI and Φ -OTDR vibration sensing system with high frequency response" to achieve broadband sensing of the vibration event, and obtain the position information of the vibration event at the same time. The interferometer structure is utilized to realize broadband vibration sensing in the fusion system, but the structure needs to be connected with a reflector at the tail end of an optical fiber to reflect continuous light to the front end to generate an interference effect, and the complex repairing process is complex after installation and damage, has high requirements on operators, and is difficult to popularize and apply in engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a continuous distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device with broadband sensing capability and a method thereof, which can simultaneously realize high spatial resolution and broadband vibration measurement; and the event type can be identified according to the inherent frequency characteristics of the vibration signal, so that the identification rate of the vibration event is improved.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
the invention provides a continuous distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device with broadband sensing capability, which comprises a pulse generator, a first laser, a second laser, a pulse modulator, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a first wavelength division multiplexer, an optical circulator, a detection optical fiber, a second wavelength division multiplexer, a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector and a signal acquisition card, wherein the pulse generator is connected with the first laser and the second laser; wherein,
the pulse generator is used for generating modulation pulses and trigger pulses; modulating pulse is input to a pulse modulator, and triggering pulse is input to a signal acquisition card;
the first laser is used for generating first continuous mode narrow linewidth laser and outputting the first continuous mode narrow linewidth laser to the first wavelength division multiplexer;
the second laser is used for generating second continuous mode narrow linewidth laser and outputting the second continuous mode narrow linewidth laser to the pulse modulator;
the pulse modulator is used for converting the second continuous mode narrow linewidth laser into pulse light according to the received modulation pulse and outputting the pulse light to the erbium-doped fiber amplifier;
the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used for amplifying the pulse light and outputting the amplified pulse light to the first wavelength division multiplexer;
the first wavelength division multiplexer is used for multiplexing the first continuous mode narrow linewidth laser and the amplified pulse light through two different channels and outputting probe light to the optical circulator;
the optical circulator is used for inputting the detection light from the 1 st port of the optical circulator and injecting the detection light into the detection optical fiber from the 2 nd port of the optical circulator;
the detection optical fiber is used for outputting the generated back Rayleigh scattering light to a 2 nd port of the optical circulator and outputting the generated back Rayleigh scattering light to the second wavelength division multiplexer from a 3 rd port of the optical circulator;
the second wavelength division multiplexer is used for outputting the backward Rayleigh scattering light with different wavelengths to the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector through two channels by demultiplexing;
the first photoelectric detector is used for converting the received light into a first electric signal and outputting the first electric signal to the signal acquisition card;
the second photoelectric detector is used for converting the received light into a second electric signal and outputting the second electric signal to the signal acquisition card;
and the signal acquisition card is used for respectively converting the first electric signal and the second electric signal into digital signals for subsequent processing according to the trigger pulse.
As a further optimization scheme of the continuous distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device with the broadband sensing capability, the periods of the modulation pulse and the trigger pulse are synchronous with the period of the pulse light.
As a further optimization scheme of the continuous distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device with the broadband sensing capability, the wavelengths of the first laser and the second laser are different.
As a further optimized scheme of the continuous distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device with broadband sensing capability of the present invention, two wavelength channels selected by the first wavelength division multiplexer and the second wavelength division multiplexer need to be matched with the wavelengths of the first laser and the second laser.
The detection method based on the continuous distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device with the broadband sensing capability comprises the following steps:
step one, generating a first continuous mode narrow linewidth laser by adopting a first laser; generating second continuous mode narrow-linewidth laser by adopting a second laser, converting the second continuous mode narrow-linewidth laser into pulsed light and amplifying the pulsed light, multiplexing the amplified pulsed light and the continuous mode narrow-linewidth laser generated by the first laser by using a first wavelength division multiplexer, and outputting probe light to a probe optical fiber;
secondly, the detection light generates backward Rayleigh scattering light in the detection optical fiber; the back Rayleigh scattering light is used for detecting the frequency and the position of vibration;
dividing the back Rayleigh scattered light into two paths by a second wavelength division multiplexer, wherein the two paths are respectively detected by a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector to obtain a first electric signal and a second electric signal;
fourthly, obtaining real frequency information of the vibration signal after the first electric signal is subjected to fast Fourier spectrum transformation; the second electric signal is subjected to sliding differential processing to obtain position information of the vibration signal, so that broadband sensing and event positioning of the vibration event are achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
(1) the broadband sensing of the vibration event and the positioning of the event position are realized;
(2) has the function of distinguishing the event types.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the spectral response of a dither event measured by the apparatus and method of the present invention.
Fig. 3a is a spectral plot of a normal Φ -OTDR measured hammer strike event.
Fig. 3b is a graph of the spectrum of a normal Φ -OTDR measured rubber rod tapping event.
Fig. 3c is a spectral plot of a hammer strike event as measured by the apparatus and method of the present invention.
FIG. 3d is a graph of the frequency spectrum of a rubber rod tapping event measured by the apparatus and method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the attached drawings:
fig. 1 is a diagram of a system structure according to the present invention, which includes a pulse generator, a first laser, a second laser, a pulse modulator, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a first wavelength division multiplexer, an optical circulator, a detection fiber, a second wavelength division multiplexer, a first photodetector, a second photodetector, and a signal acquisition card; wherein,
the pulse generator is used for generating modulation pulses and trigger pulses; modulating pulse is input to a pulse modulator, and triggering pulse is input to a signal acquisition card;
the first laser is used for generating first continuous mode narrow linewidth laser and outputting the first continuous mode narrow linewidth laser to the first wavelength division multiplexer;
the second laser is used for generating second continuous mode narrow linewidth laser and outputting the second continuous mode narrow linewidth laser to the pulse modulator;
the pulse modulator is used for converting the second continuous mode narrow linewidth laser into pulse light according to the received modulation pulse and outputting the pulse light to the erbium-doped fiber amplifier;
the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used for amplifying the pulse light and outputting the amplified pulse light to the first wavelength division multiplexer;
the first wavelength division multiplexer is used for multiplexing the first continuous mode narrow linewidth laser and the amplified pulse light through two different channels and outputting probe light to the optical circulator;
the optical circulator is used for inputting the detection light from the 1 st port of the optical circulator and injecting the detection light into the detection optical fiber from the 2 nd port of the optical circulator;
the detection optical fiber is used for outputting the generated back Rayleigh scattering light to a 2 nd port of the optical circulator and outputting the generated back Rayleigh scattering light to the second wavelength division multiplexer from a 3 rd port of the optical circulator;
the second wavelength division multiplexer is used for outputting the backward Rayleigh scattering light with different wavelengths to the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector through two channels by demultiplexing;
the first photoelectric detector is used for converting the received light into a first electric signal and outputting the first electric signal to the signal acquisition card;
the second photoelectric detector is used for converting the received light into a second electric signal and outputting the second electric signal to the signal acquisition card;
and the signal acquisition card is used for respectively converting the first electric signal and the second electric signal into digital signals for subsequent processing according to the trigger pulse.
The periods of the modulation pulse and the trigger pulse are synchronous with the period of the pulse light.
The first laser and the second laser have different wavelengths.
And two wavelength channels selected by the first wavelength division multiplexer and the second wavelength division multiplexer are matched with the wavelengths of the first laser and the second laser.
Using device performance: the type of the first laser is RIO laser, the wavelength of the laser is 1561nm, the line width is 3kHz, and the output optical power is 5 dBm; the type of the second laser is RIO laser, the wavelength of the laser is 1550nm, the line width is 3kHz, and the output optical power is 9 dBm; the pulse modulator is an electro-optical modulator and can generate light pulses of 20ns at least; the EDFA adopts an Amonics amplifier, the center frequency is 1550nm, and the constant power gain can reach 23 dBm. The two channel wavelengths selected by the first wavelength division multiplexer and the second wavelength division multiplexer are 1550/1561 nm.
The specific procedure for binding the experimental parameters was as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: the first laser generates first continuous mode narrow linewidth laser;
step two: the second laser generates second continuous mode narrow linewidth laser, and the second continuous mode narrow linewidth laser is converted into pulse light, wherein the pulse width is 20ns-1 us; and then the amplified pulse light and the first continuous mode narrow linewidth laser are multiplexed by a first wavelength division multiplexer to form probe light, and the probe light enters the probe optical fiber after passing through the optical circulator.
Step three: the backward Rayleigh scattered light generated by the detection light in the detection optical fiber returns to the second wavelength division multiplexer through the optical circulator, and the scattered light with corresponding wavelength is demultiplexed and enters the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector.
Step four: the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector respectively convert the optical signals into first electric signals and second electric signals, and then the first electric signals and the second electric signals are collected and processed by the collecting card.
Step five: the first electric signal is subjected to fast Fourier spectrum transformation to obtain real frequency information of the vibration signal; the second electric signal is subjected to sliding differential processing to obtain position information of the vibration signal. Therefore, the device and the method can simultaneously obtain the position information and the real frequency spectrum information of the vibration signal, and realize the broadband sensing and the event positioning of the vibration event. The frequency spectrum response of the vibration signals measured by the experiment is 0.1MHz, 0.3MHz, 0.5MHz, 0.7MHz and 1.0MHz as shown in figure 2, and the vibration event with the frequency of 1MHz can be detected by the system at the highest. Fig. 3a is a spectral plot of a normal Φ -OTDR measured hammer strike event. Fig. 3b is a graph of the spectrum of a normal Φ -OTDR measured rubber rod tapping event. Fig. 3c is a spectral plot of a hammer strike event as measured by the apparatus and method of the present invention. FIG. 3d is a graph of the frequency spectrum of a rubber rod tapping event measured by the apparatus and method of the present invention. Through the comparison between fig. 3a and fig. 3d, it can be shown that the ordinary Φ -OTDR cannot capture the complete spectrum of the vibration event due to insufficient sampling rate, but the apparatus and method of the present invention improve the frequency sensing range of the Φ -OTDR, can implement the broadband sensing of the vibration event, and have the capability of distinguishing the event type.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all should be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A continuous distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device with broadband sensing capability is characterized by comprising a pulse generator, a first laser, a second laser, a pulse modulator, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a first wavelength division multiplexer, an optical circulator, a detection optical fiber, a second wavelength division multiplexer, a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector and a signal acquisition card; wherein,
the pulse generator is used for generating modulation pulses and trigger pulses; modulating pulse is input to a pulse modulator, and triggering pulse is input to a signal acquisition card;
the first laser is used for generating first continuous mode narrow linewidth laser and outputting the first continuous mode narrow linewidth laser to the first wavelength division multiplexer;
the second laser is used for generating second continuous mode narrow linewidth laser and outputting the second continuous mode narrow linewidth laser to the pulse modulator;
the pulse modulator is used for converting the second continuous mode narrow linewidth laser into pulse light according to the received modulation pulse and outputting the pulse light to the erbium-doped fiber amplifier;
the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used for amplifying the pulse light and outputting the amplified pulse light to the first wavelength division multiplexer;
the first wavelength division multiplexer is used for multiplexing the first continuous mode narrow linewidth laser and the amplified pulse light through two different channels and outputting probe light to the optical circulator;
the optical circulator is used for inputting the detection light from the 1 st port of the optical circulator and injecting the detection light into the detection optical fiber from the 2 nd port of the optical circulator;
the detection optical fiber is used for outputting the generated back Rayleigh scattering light to a 2 nd port of the optical circulator and outputting the generated back Rayleigh scattering light to the second wavelength division multiplexer from a 3 rd port of the optical circulator;
the second wavelength division multiplexer is used for outputting the backward Rayleigh scattering light with different wavelengths to the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector through two channels by demultiplexing;
the first photoelectric detector is used for converting the received light into a first electric signal and outputting the first electric signal to the signal acquisition card;
the second photoelectric detector is used for converting the received light into a second electric signal and outputting the second electric signal to the signal acquisition card;
the signal acquisition card is used for respectively converting the first electric signal and the second electric signal into digital signals for subsequent processing according to the trigger pulse;
the first laser and the second laser have different wavelengths.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the periods of the modulation pulse and the trigger pulse are synchronized with the period of the pulsed light.
3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the two wavelength channels of the first wavelength division multiplexer and the second wavelength division multiplexer are matched to the wavelengths of the first laser and the second laser.
4. The method for detecting the continuous distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device with the broadband sensing capability according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps:
step one, generating a first continuous mode narrow linewidth laser by adopting a first laser; generating second continuous mode narrow-linewidth laser by adopting a second laser, converting the second continuous mode narrow-linewidth laser into pulsed light and amplifying the pulsed light, multiplexing the amplified pulsed light and the continuous mode narrow-linewidth laser generated by the first laser by using a first wavelength division multiplexer, and outputting probe light to a probe optical fiber;
secondly, the detection light generates backward Rayleigh scattering light in the detection optical fiber; the back Rayleigh scattering light is used for detecting the frequency and the position of vibration;
dividing the back Rayleigh scattered light into two paths by a second wavelength division multiplexer, wherein the two paths are respectively detected by a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector to obtain a first electric signal and a second electric signal;
fourthly, obtaining real frequency information of the vibration signal after the first electric signal is subjected to fast Fourier spectrum transformation; the second electric signal is subjected to sliding differential processing to obtain position information of the vibration signal, so that broadband sensing and event positioning of the vibration event are achieved.
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| CN108548600B (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2020-02-04 | 广东电网有限责任公司东莞供电局 | Polarization state optical fiber vibration sensing system based on time division multiplexing |
| CN108507662B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2021-07-09 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Optical fiber distributed sensing method and device based on multi-wavelength double-optical pulse |
| CN110595604A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-20 | 武汉理工大学 | High-dynamic-range dual-wavelength distributed optical fiber vibration demodulation system and method |
| CN110806259A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Device for high-frequency disturbance positioning and detection of optical fiber sensing |
| CN110986814B (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-10-08 | 安捷光通科技成都有限公司 | Phase sensitive optical time domain reflection system with improved dynamic strain measurement range |
| CN111289222A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-16 | 丽水正阳电力建设有限公司 | Optical fiber breakpoint monitoring device based on phase-sensitive optical time domain reflection technology |
| CN113432630B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2023-02-17 | 国网河北省电力有限公司衡水供电分公司 | Distributed optical fiber sensing monitoring system |
| CN113984181A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十四研究所 | Wavelength division multiplexing OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing device |
| CN117091686B (en) * | 2023-09-04 | 2024-04-09 | 江南大学 | Distributed optical fiber vibration sensor based on frequency division multiplexing |
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