CN107436119B - Instrument and method for measuring rock mass fracture rate - Google Patents
Instrument and method for measuring rock mass fracture rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN107436119B CN107436119B CN201710813016.8A CN201710813016A CN107436119B CN 107436119 B CN107436119 B CN 107436119B CN 201710813016 A CN201710813016 A CN 201710813016A CN 107436119 B CN107436119 B CN 107436119B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0021—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the volumetric dimension of an object
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses an instrument and a method for measuring the fracture rate of a rock mass, comprising a base, a framework, a fracture aiming device, a fixing device and a hand-operated device; the screw rod rotates under the action of the hand shaking device and drives the crack aiming device on the fixing device to move up and down along the crack aiming device through screw transmission; the base is placed on the rock mass during measurement, and the plane of the base is parallel to the extension plane of the fracture group of the rock mass to be measured; the plane formed by the laser beam and the zero line on the graduated scale on the side surface of the base is parallel to the extension surface of the fracture of the rock mass fracture group to be measured, one fracture of the rock mass fracture group to be measured is taken as a starting point, the fracture is measured sequentially from bottom to top, the true fracture width of each fracture in the fracture group and the distance between the fracture and the starting point are recorded, the measured fracture width is the true fracture width, the measured data is accurate, and parameters are provided for calculating the fracture rate of the rock mass; the instrument has the advantages of small volume, portability, easy carrying and simple use method, and is suitable for measuring rock mass cracks in the field.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of geological survey and geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to an instrument and a method for measuring the fracture rate of a rock mass in the field.
Background
For large-scale construction of infrastructures such as railways, highways and the like, the quality measurement of the pre-engineering rock mass is particularly important. The most critical factor in measuring the quality of an engineered rock mass is the development of the rock mass fissures. The developmental characteristics of a crack can be reflected in a number of indicators, among which commonly used are: line fracture rate, face fracture rate, and body fracture rate. The natural attribute of the rock mass determines that the index with the most distinguishing meaning of the quality measurement of the engineering rock mass is the body fracture rate.
In the related art, the rock mass fracture rate measuring method is a field water injection test method and a random construction three-dimensional fracture network model method. The field water injection experiment is simple to operate, but only the development condition and connectivity of rock mass cracks can be judged, and quantitative calculation cannot be performed; in the rock mass, one or more cracks with better connectivity exist sometimes, so that the judgment of the result of the field water injection experiment can be greatly influenced, and the judgment of the crack rate of the rock mass by the field water injection experiment has certain blindness. The random construction of the three-dimensional fracture network model is more complicated in operation compared with the field water injection test, and the difficulty is higher if the three-dimensional fracture network model is used in field construction.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present application provides a light, flexible, easy to operate instrument and method for field in-situ measurement of rock mass fracture rate.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the application is that the instrument for measuring the rock mass fracture rate comprises a base, a framework, a fracture aiming device, a fixing device and a hand-operated device; the base is transversely placed, and a graduated scale is arranged on the side face of the base; the framework is longitudinally placed, and one end of the base is connected with the bottom end of the framework; a screw rod is longitudinally arranged in the middle of the framework, the hand shaking device is connected with the screw rod, the fixing device is in threaded connection with the screw rod, the crack aiming device is arranged on the fixing device, and a plane formed by a laser beam emitted by the crack aiming device and a scale mark of the scale is parallel to an extension surface of a crack of a rock mass crack group to be measured; the hand shaking device is rocked to drive the screw rod to rotate, and the screw rod drives the crack aiming device on the fixing device to move up and down along the crack aiming device through threaded transmission.
Preferably, one end of the base is connected with the bottom end of the framework through a sliding support.
Preferably, the hand shaking device comprises a hand shaking wheel; the hand-operated wheel shakes the screw rod to rotate; the hand-operated wheel is positioned at the outer side of the framework and is opposite to the crack aiming device.
Preferably, a plane formed by a laser beam when the initial 0 scale mark of the scale and the laser sight of the crack sighting device reach the lowest part is parallel to the extension plane of the crack to be measured.
Compared with the related art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the beneficial effects that the instrument for measuring the rock mass fracture rate comprises a base, a framework, a fracture aiming device, a fixing device and a hand-operated device; the base is transversely placed, and a graduated scale is arranged on the side face of the base; the framework is longitudinally placed, and one end of the base is connected with the bottom end of the framework; a screw rod is longitudinally arranged in the middle of the framework, the hand shaking device is connected with the screw rod, the fixing device is in threaded connection with the screw rod, the crack aiming device is arranged on the fixing device, and a plane formed by a laser beam emitted by the crack aiming device and a scale mark of the scale is parallel to an extension surface of a crack of a rock mass crack group to be measured; the hand shaking device is rocked to drive the screw rod to rotate, and the screw rod drives the crack aiming device on the fixing device to move up and down along the crack aiming device through screw transmission; the base is placed on the rock mass, the plane of the base is parallel to the extension plane of the fracture group of the rock mass to be measured and is perpendicular to the skeleton, and the height of the fracture aiming device is adjusted through the screw rod; before measurement, a plane formed by a laser beam and a zero line of a graduated scale is parallel to an extension plane of a crack to be measured, one crack of a rock mass crack group to be measured is adopted as a starting point, the crack is measured sequentially from bottom to top, the true crack width of each crack in the group of cracks and the distance between each crack and the starting point are recorded, the measured crack width is true crack width and is not apparent crack width, measured data are accurate, and parameters are provided for calculation of rock mass crack rate; the instrument has the advantages of small volume, portability, easy carrying and simple use method, is suitable for measuring rock mass cracks in the field, and has higher data reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for measuring a fracture rate of a rock mass according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a rock mass fracture rate measurement method according to an embodiment of the application.
Wherein: the device comprises a base 1, a graduated scale 11, a framework 2, a crack sighting device 3, a screw rod 4, a sliding support 5, a fixing device 6, a hand shaking device 7 and a hand shaking wheel 71.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, embodiments of the present application will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus for measuring a fracture rate of a rock mass, including a base 1, a skeleton 2, a fracture sighting device 3, a fixing device 6 and a hand shaking device 7; the base 1 is transversely placed, and a graduated scale 11 is arranged on the side surface of the base 1; the framework 2 is longitudinally arranged, and one end of the base 1 is connected with the bottom end of the framework 2; a screw rod 4 is longitudinally arranged in the middle of the framework 2; the hand shaking device 7 is connected with the screw rod 4, the fixing device 6 is in threaded connection with the screw rod 4, a plane formed by a laser beam emitted by the crack aiming device 3 and the graduated scale 11 is parallel to an extension plane of a crack of a rock mass crack group to be measured, and the crack aiming device 3 is arranged on the fixing device 6; when the screw rod 4 rotates under the action of the hand shaking device 7, the slit aiming device 3 on the fixing device 6 is driven to move up and down along the screw rod 4 through screw transmission. When rock mass cracks are measured, the base 1 is placed on a rock mass, the framework 2 is adjusted to be vertical to the base 1, the screw rod 4 is driven to rotate under the action of the hand shaking device 7, and the screw rod drives the crack adjusting aiming device 3 on the fixing device 6 to move up and down along the screw rod 4 through screw transmission, so that the height of the crack adjusting aiming device is adjusted; during measurement, the height of the crack aiming device 3 is adjusted to enable a plane formed by a laser beam emitted by the crack aiming device 3 and a zero scale line of the graduated scale 11 to be parallel to an extension surface of a crack to be measured, the height of the crack aiming device 3 is sequentially adjusted from bottom to top, the true crack width of the crack corresponding to the scale where the laser beam is located and the distance between the crack and a starting point are recorded, and data support is provided for calculation of the crack rate of a rock mass.
Referring to fig. 2, the embodiment of the application also provides a method for calculating the fracture rate of the rock mass by using the data measured by the instrument, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Geological exploration and information collection are carried out on the areas where the rock mass with the structural cracks and the layer cracks generated under the action of structural stress are located, the crack groups of the rock mass are subjected to grouping numbers j (j=1, 2, 3. Cndot. M), the number of the cracks of each group of cracks is i (i=1, 2, 3. Cndot. N), and typical unit spheres to be detected with the radius of R are selected;
when actually measuring rock mass cracks, ensuring that the selected joint cracks cover all diagenetic and structural cracks of a research area; the body fracture rate of the selected typical unit sphere to be measured can represent the body fracture rate of the rock mass in the whole area; the spherical radius R of the unit body to be detected is selected according to the average joint surface spacing, the joint surface spacing of the field rock body is more in 1 cm-100 cm, and the complete giant thick layer rock body larger than 100cm is less, so that the following is specified: the average pitch of joint surfaces is within 30cm, and the typical unit sphere radius R is 1 m; the average pitch of joint surfaces is 30 cm-100 cm, and the radius R of a typical unit sphere is 2m; the average joint distance of the rock mass is larger than 100cm, the sphere radius of the typical unit body is determined according to the specific situation, and R can be 0.5m or 3m;
in actual measurement, at a measurement point, each group of cracks forms a space crack network of the measurement point in space, and each group of cracks is measured by taking the center of each sphere as a measurement center. And (3) superposing the measurement spheres of each group of cracks in space to be regarded as concentric spheres, and putting each group of cracks into a sphere with the radius of R for calculation during calculation. Any crack is approximately a tiny cylinder, the radius value of the crack surface obtained by intersecting the crack surface with the measuring sphere can be calculated through the distance between the crack surface and the reference surface, namely the bottom surface circle radius of the approximate cylinder, namely the area of the cut crack surface can be calculated, and the product of the area and the crack width is the volume occupied by the crack in the sphere. The volumes of the cracks of each group in the measurement sphere are measured in groups, namely the total crack volume of m groups of cracks in the measurement sphere space can be obtained, and the ratio of the crack volume to the sphere volume is the body crack rate of the measurement point;
(2) Placing the base 1 on a plane where a maximum radius circle of the unit sphere to be tested is located, and mutually parallel to an extension plane of the base; the framework 2 is vertical to m groups of crack groups to be detected, the hand shaking device 7 is rocked to drive the screw rod 4 to rotate, and the rotating screw rod 4 drives the fixing device 6 to rotate through screw transmissionThe slit sighting device 3 of the first group of slits is moved up and down to adjust the height thereof, and the true slit width L of the ith slit of the first group of slits is measured by reading the upper scale mark of the scale 11 corresponding to the emitted laser beam of the slit sighting device 3 i And its distance h from the starting point i ；
(3) According to the radius R of the ball and the distance h between the plane of the ith crack of the first group and the starting point i Obtaining the area A of the plane of the ith crack of the first group of cracks i ＝πr i 2 ，r i 2 ＝R 2 -h i 2 ；
(4) According to the true gap width L i And the area A of the plane of the ith crack of the first group of cracks i Obtain V i ，V i ＝L i ×A i ；
(5) According to the volume V of the ith crack of the first group of cracks i Obtain V 1 ，
(6) Sequentially obtaining the volume V occupied by the m-th group of cracks of the second group of cracks and the third group of cracks … … in the unit sphere to be measured j ；
(7) According to the volume V occupied by the first group of cracks, the second group of cracks and the … … m group of cracks in the unit sphere to be measured j The total volume V of each set of fissures is obtained,
(8) According to the total volume V of each group of cracks and the volume V of the unit sphere to be tested 0 The body fracture rate K is obtained,
wherein:
h i -the distance of the plane in which the crack lies from the reference plane (the set of cracks passing through the centre of sphere);
L i -the gap width of the ith gap;
r i -the radius of the circular surface where the ith slit intersects the spherical surface;
A i -the circular area (the bottom area of the segment) of the ith slit intersected with the sphere of the unit sphere to be tested;
V i -the volume occupied by the ith slit in the sphere of the unit to be measured;
V j -the volume of the set of fissures in the sphere of the unit to be measured;
V 0 -selecting the volume of the unit sphere;
r- -the radius of the selected unit sphere;
k—rock mass fracture rate.
Further, one end of the base 1 is connected with the bottom end of the framework 2 through a sliding support 5. When measuring rock mass fracture, adjust base 1 through the smooth support 5 with skeleton 2 is perpendicular, and adjustable smooth support 5 will when not using base 1 is folding with skeleton 2, be convenient for deposit, the transportation of instrument etc..
Further, the hand shaking device 7 comprises a hand shaking wheel 71; the hand-operated wheel 71 drives the screw rod 4 to rotate; the hand-operated wheel 71 is positioned on the back of the framework 2 and opposite to the crack aiming device 3. The hand shaking wheel 71 is rocked, the screw rod 4 continuously rotates, and the fixing device 6 in threaded connection with the screw rod 4 continuously rotates in a threaded manner, so that the crack aiming device 3 moves up and down along the screw rod 4 to adjust the height.
Further, the crack sighting device 3 is a laser sighting device, and the laser sighting device comprises a switch, a lens, an adjusting button and a power supply. The true gap width of the gap can be accurately read through the scale where the laser beam emitted by the laser sighting device is located.
Further, the length, width and height of the base 1 are 65cm, 14cm and 6cm in sequence, and the base is made of acrylic materials; the base 1 is a cuboid, the surface is smooth and flat, the positions corresponding to the hand-operated wheel 71 and the crack sighting device 3 are hollow structures, and the framework 2 and the base 1 are convenient to fold.
Further, the length, width and height of the framework 2 are 3cm, 10cm and 60cm in sequence, and the framework is made of acrylic materials.
Further, the diameter of the screw rod 4 is 16mm, the stroke of the screw rod 4 is 550mm, and the screw pitch is 4mm.
In this document, terms such as front, rear, upper, lower, etc. are defined with respect to the positions of the components in the drawings and with respect to each other, for clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of such orientation terms should not limit the scope of the claimed application.
The embodiments described above and features of the embodiments herein may be combined with each other without conflict.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to limit the application to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the application are intended to be included within the scope of the application.
Claims (5)
1. The method for measuring the rock mass fracture rate is characterized by comprising a base, a framework, a fracture aiming device, a fixing device and a hand-operated device; the base is transversely placed, and a graduated scale is arranged on the side face of the framework; the framework is longitudinally placed, and one end of the base is connected with the bottom end of the framework; a screw rod is longitudinally arranged in the middle of the framework, the hand shaking device is connected with the screw rod, the fixing device is in threaded connection with the screw rod, the crack aiming device is arranged on the fixing device, and a plane formed by a laser beam emitted by the crack aiming device and a scale mark of the scale is parallel to an extension surface of a crack of a rock mass crack group to be measured; the screw rod rotates under the action of the hand shaking device and drives the crack aiming device on the fixing device to move up and down along the crack aiming device through screw transmission;
a method of measuring a fracture rate of a rock mass, comprising the steps of:
(1) To structural stressGeological exploration and information collection are carried out on the region where the rock mass of the structural fracture and the bedding fracture is located, grouping numbering is carried out on the rock mass fracture, j=1, 2,3·····m, the number of cracks per group is i, i=1, 2,3······n, selecting a sphere of a unit to be tested with radius R, and the volume of the sphere is V 0 ；
(2) Placing the base on a plane where the maximum radius circle of the unit sphere to be tested is located, and determining a starting point, wherein the plane is parallel to the extension plane of the unit sphere to be tested; the skeleton is perpendicular to m groups of crack groups to be detected, the hand shaking device is rocked to drive the screw rod to rotate, the rotating screw rod drives the crack aiming device on the fixing device to move up and down through screw transmission, and the true crack width L of the ith crack of the first group of cracks is measured by reading the upper scale mark of the graduated scale corresponding to the laser beam emitted by the crack aiming device i And its distance h from the starting point i ；
(3) According to the radius R and the distance h between the plane of the ith crack of the first group and the starting point i Obtaining the area A of the plane of the ith crack of the first group of cracks i ＝πr i 2 ，r i 2 ＝R 2 -h i 2 ；
(4) According to the true gap width L i And the area A of the plane of the ith crack of the first group of cracks i Obtaining the volume V of the ith crack of the first group of cracks i ，V i ＝L i ×A i ；
(5) According to the volume V of the ith crack of the first group of cracks i Obtaining the volume V occupied by the first group of cracks in the unit sphere to be measured 1 ，
(6) Sequentially obtaining the volume V occupied by the m-th group of cracks of the second group of cracks and the third group of cracks … … in the unit sphere to be measured j ；
(7) According to the volume V occupied by the first group of cracks, the second group of cracks and the … … m group of cracks in the unit sphere to be measured j Obtaining the total volume of each group of cracksV，
(8) According to the total volume V of each group of cracks and the volume V of the unit sphere to be tested 0 The body fracture rate K is obtained,
wherein:
h i -the distance of the plane in which the crack is located from the reference plane;
L i -the gap width of the ith gap;
r i -the radius of the circular surface where the ith slit intersects the spherical surface;
A i -the area of the circle where the ith slit intersects the sphere of the unit sphere to be measured;
V i -the volume occupied by the ith slit in the sphere of the unit to be measured;
V j -the volume of the set of fissures in the sphere of the unit to be measured;
r—sphere radius;
k—rock mass fracture rate.
2. The method of measuring a fracture rate of a rock mass according to claim 1, wherein one end of the base is connected to the bottom end of the framework by a sliding brace.
3. The method of measuring a rock mass fracture rate of claim 1, wherein the hand shaking device comprises a hand shaking wheel; the hand-operated wheel shakes the screw rod to rotate; the hand-operated wheel is positioned at the outer side of the framework and is opposite to the crack aiming device.
4. The method for measuring the rock mass fracture rate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the length, the width and the height of the base are 65cm, 14cm and 6cm in sequence, and an acrylic material is adopted; the base is cuboid, and the positions corresponding to the hand-operated wheel and the crack aiming device are hollow structures, so that the framework and the base can be folded conveniently.
5. The method for measuring the fracture rate of the rock mass according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the length, the width and the height of the framework are 3cm, 10cm and 60cm in sequence, and an acrylic material is adopted.
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| CN201710813016.8A CN107436119B (en) | 2017-09-11 | 2017-09-11 | Instrument and method for measuring rock mass fracture rate |
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| US10094210B2 (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2018-10-09 | Rocsol Technologies Inc. | Drilling system |
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