CN104792295B - A kind of mechanical surface roughmeter for being used to measure arc-shaped section - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a mechanical surface roughness meter for measuring arc-shaped sections, which is used for measuring the overall surface roughness of circular rock sections. The measuring body includes a handle, a grid paper shaft, a bearing platform, a central shaft and a base that are connected coaxially from top to bottom. The outer surface of the grid paper shaft is provided with a single-sided grid paper, and the measuring device includes A profiling pen and a scanning needle vertically connected to each other, the tip of the profiling pen is in contact with the single-sided grid paper, and the scanning needle is connected to the central axis through the measuring telescopic arm. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, wide measurement range, accurate and reliable signification of measurement results and the like.

Description

A Mechanical Surface Roughness Meter for Measuring Arc Sections

technical field

The invention relates to a roughness meter, in particular to a mechanical surface roughness meter for measuring arc-shaped sections.

Background technique

The roughness parameter of structural surface in rock and soil is an important basis for studying its mechanical and kinematic properties and engineering stability. At present, various mechanical, intelligent and digital surface roughness meters have been invented. But the existing devices are only designed for measuring the linear section of the measuring surface. In fact, the roughness distribution characteristics of many rock structural surfaces have different degrees of anisotropy. In order to reflect the overall roughness information of such structural surfaces, the surface roughness meter is generally used to measure the sections of structural surfaces in different directions, and The process of calculating the mean value is cumbersome, and the reliability of the analysis results is obviously affected by the degree of research sophistication. In fact, the overall roughness information of the structural surface of rock mass can be obtained by measuring the circular section along the general normal direction of the structural surface, straightening the obtained section and analyzing it. Although some existing intelligent digital devices can also perform this operation, the corresponding instruments are too bulky, inconvenient to carry, and very expensive, which is not convenient for on-site sampling and analysis.

Chinese patent CN2142192Y discloses a profilometer, which is mainly composed of a probe, a drawing pen, a balance weight and a fixing plate, and the first three are connected as one. In practice, the drawing pen is vertically close to the fixed plate, the probe falls vertically on the structural surface, and the balance block is moved to measure the cross-sectional shape of the rock surface. Chinese patent CN2745025Y discloses a roughness coefficient measuring instrument, which is mainly composed of a box, a screw rod installed in the box, a vernier, a stylus, a sensor, a display, a power supply, buttons and the like. When in use, by moving the carriage to drive the stylus to move on the measurement structure surface, the measured section information can be displayed intuitively. But both of them are only designed for measuring straight-line profiles, and are not convenient for measuring arc-shaped or even circular profiles.

Digital high-precision 3D laser scanners such as the IL-RIS-36D equipment produced by Canada’s Optech company and the RIEGL VZ-400 equipment launched by the Australian GMBH Group can perform three-dimensional scanning on the surface of the structural surface and obtain any cross-section. But most of them are not convenient for on-site investigation, carrying and placement, and the current market price is more than 10,000 RMB.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a mechanical surface roughness meter for measuring arc-shaped profiles with simple structure, low cost, wide measurement range and accurate and reliable representation of measurement results in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

A mechanical surface roughness meter for measuring arc-shaped sections, used for measuring the overall surface roughness of circular rock sections, including a measuring body, a measuring telescopic arm and a measuring device connected in sequence, the measuring body includes The handle, grid paper shaft, bearing platform, central shaft and base are connected coaxially from top to bottom, the outer surface of the grid paper shaft is provided with single-sided grid paper, and the measuring device includes vertically connected A profiling pen and a scanning needle, the nib of the profiling pen is in contact with the single-sided grid paper, and the scanning needle is connected to the central axis through the measuring telescopic arm.

The measuring telescopic arm includes a sequentially connected sleeve, a fixed arm, a telescopic cylinder and a needle cylinder, the sleeve is sleeved on the central axis, and the needle cylinder is sleeved on the scanning needle.

The telescopic tube includes a first-stage telescopic tube, a second-stage telescopic tube, and a third-stage telescopic tube that are set in sequence, the first-stage telescopic tube is fixedly connected to the sleeve, and the third-stage telescopic tube It is fixedly connected with the syringe.

The measuring body also includes a pressing lever knob arranged on the upper surface of the grid paper shaft, a pressing lever and a pressing piece arranged on the side of the grid paper axis, and the pressing lever is connected with the pressing piece.

The upper surface of the grid paper shaft is also provided with two mutually perpendicular radial marking lines, a knob is provided on the first radial marking line, and a level is provided on the second radial marking line.

The measuring device also includes a pen base connected to the profile pen and the scanning needle respectively, the pen base is square, and a profile pen knob for fixing the profile pen is provided on the upper surface.

The leveling instrument is a long water tank, the middle of the curved surface of the top of the water tank is marked with a midline scale, and a water bubble is arranged in the water tank.

The upper part of the scanning needle and the profiling pen are both cylindrical, and the lower part is nib-shaped, with a diameter of 0.1mm. The tip of the scanning needle is made of rigid wear-resistant material, and the profiling pen is a special Water pen for conveniently drawing curves on grid paper.

The pressing tablet is an arc-shaped pressing tablet, which is in the shape of an arc with a radius equal to the axis of the grid paper and a small angle.

The handle is in the shape of a dumbbell.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. Simple structure and low cost: This roughness meter is only composed of three parts, with simple structure and convenient operation, which can replace the original expensive detector, and the cost is greatly reduced.

2. Wide measurement range: The measuring telescopic arm of the present invention includes three sets of telescopic tubes, has three kinds of measurement radii, can measure the roughness of multiple circular sections, has strong practicability, wide measurement range, and can study the size effect on the structure The influence of surface roughness.

3. The meaning of measurement and measurement results is accurate and reliable: the tip diameters of the scanning needle and profile pen of the present invention are both 0.1 mm, the length of the grid paper is equal to the circumference of the side of the grid paper shaft, the minimum scale in the length direction is 1 mm, and the minimum scale in the width direction 0.5mm, high measurement accuracy and small error.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the structure of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a front view of the single-sided grid paper.

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a circular cross-section with a circumference of 15 cm measured according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a knob and a screw hole of the present invention.

Among them, 1. Base, 2. Center shaft, 3. Sleeve, 4. Bearing platform, 5. Grid paper shaft, 6. Single-sided grid paper, 7. Boundary line, 8. Press sheet, 9. Handle, 10 , tablet rod knob, 11, level gauge, 12, fixed arm, 13, first-stage telescopic cylinder, 14, second-stage telescopic cylinder, 15, third-stage telescopic cylinder, 16, syringe, 17, scanning needle, 18 , Pen holder, 19, profile pen, 20, profile pen knob, 21, tablet lever, 22, radial marking line.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example:

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a mechanical surface roughness meter for measuring arc-shaped sections, the roughness meter mainly includes a base 1, a central shaft 2, a grid paper shaft 5, and a single-sided grid paper 6 , platform 4, handle 9, scanning needle 17, pen stand 18, profile pen 19, fixed arm 12, first-stage telescopic cylinder 13, second-stage telescopic cylinder 14 and third-stage telescopic cylinder 15, base 1, middle Shaft 2, bearing platform 4, mesh paper shaft 5 and handle 9 are connected with the central axis in turn, and the base 1, central axis 2, bearing platform 4, and grid paper shaft 5 are all cylindrical with different heights, and the bearing platform 4. The radii of grid paper shaft 5, base 1, and central shaft 2 decrease in turn, and the diameter of the middle and upper part of central shaft 2 is slightly smaller to fit the limited sleeve 3. The handle 9 is dumbbell-shaped for easy holding and fixing The top surface of the grid paper shaft 5 is engraved with two mutually perpendicular radial marking lines 22, a tablet lever knob 10 is arranged on one of the marking lines, and a vertical boundary line 7 is also engraved on the side of the grid paper shaft 5 corresponding to the grid. An arc-shaped pressing sheet 8 parallel to the side of the grid paper shaft 5 is arranged outside the grid paper shaft 5. The top of the pressing sheet 8 is inserted into the hole on the grid paper shaft 5 through the pressing rod 21, and can be pressed through the pressing rod knob. 10 is screwed in to fix it, and another radial marking line 22 is provided with a level 11 parallel to it. This level is a strip-shaped water tank. There is a blister.

As shown in Figure 3, the length of the single-sided grid paper 6 is equal to the perimeter of the grid paper axis 5, which is 10 centimeters, the minimum scale in the length direction is 1 mm, and the minimum scale in the width direction is 0.5 mm, which is to clarify the orientation of the paper. The coarse scale line of grid paper 6 is a multiple of 5mm, and the upper end is marked with an upward arrow. The first scale at the initial end of single-side grid paper 6 is also marked with an arrow. On the grid paper axis 5 sides, the front side with the grid faces outwards, and its start and end are closed at the side boundary.

As shown in Figure 4, the sleeve is fit and limited on the central shaft 2, and a fixed arm 12 is fixed on the outside thereof. The fixed arm 12 is a hollow cylindrical tube, in which there are first to third stages of expansion and contraction sequentially fitted from outside to inside. cylinder, the outer side of the third-stage arm cylinder 15 is fixed with a cylindrical needle cylinder 16, which is used to limit the scanning needle 17. When the three-stage telescopic cylinders are all shrunk in the cylinder, the circumference of the scanning needle 17 scanning 360-degree circle is 10 cm; When only the third-stage telescopic cylinder 15 was fully stretched out, the scanning needle 17 scanned a 360-degree circumference with a circumference of 15 centimeters; The circumference of the 360-degree circle is 20 centimeters; when all the three-stage telescopic tubes are fully stretched out, the circumference of the 360-degree circle scanned by the scanning needle 17 is 30 centimeters.

The scanning needle 17 is in the shape of a pen, with a cylindrical upper part and a nib-shaped lower end. The diameter of the nib is set to 0.1mm, which is limited inside the cylindrical needle barrel 16 and can move up and down freely and conveniently. A square cylindrical pen is fixed on the top of the scanning needle 17. Seat 18, pen holder 18 is provided with circular hole on grid paper shaft 5 radial direction, in order to fix profile pen 19, profile pen 19 is a special water pen, can draw curve conveniently on grid paper 6, profile pen profile and The scanning needle is similar, the upper part is cylindrical, the lower end is pen-shaped, and the diameter of the pen tip is set to 0.1mm.

Take a circular section with a circumference of 10 cm as an example. At this time, all three-stage telescopic tubes are tightly retracted into the fixed arm 12. First, place the base 1 on the surface of the structure to be measured, and press the handle 9 to stabilize it. , paste the single-sided grid paper 6 on the side of the grid paper shaft 5, with the arrow pointing up, the end of the single-sided grid paper 6 is connected at the boundary line 7, press down the pressing piece 8, and fix the single-sided grid paper 6 , unscrew the tablet lever knob 10 to limit the tablet lever 21, turn the scanning needle 17 to the position corresponding to the edge of the tablet 8 at the starting end of the single-sided grid paper 6, and then adjust the profile pen 19 to be close to the single-sided mesh On the surface of the grid paper 6, unscrew the profile pen knob 20 to fix the profile pen 19 on the pen stand 18, and then apply force to drive the needle cylinder 16 to make the sleeve 3 rotate around the central axis 2, so that the scanning needle 17 clockwise 360 degrees After turning, screw on the profile pen knob 20, move the profile pen 19 away from the single-sided grid paper 6 paper surface, screw on the tablet lever knob 10, extract the tablet lever 21 from the grid paper shaft 5, and then remove the single-sided grid paper. The grid paper 6 is removed, and the section obtained on the single-sided grid paper 6 is the measured circular section shape of the structural surface. During the whole measurement process, it is necessary to ensure that the base 1 does not deflect and move.

The base 1 is made of high-density rigid material, and the solid components other than the base 1 are generally made of light rigid material, so that the overall center of gravity of the equipment is close to the measurement surface, and good stability can be maintained during the measurement process. The thickness of the single-sided grid paper 6 Far smaller than the radius of the grid paper axis 5, to ensure that the circumference of the measured circular section is 10 cm, the width of the single-sided grid paper 6 is slightly smaller than the height of the grid paper axis 5, to ensure that the single-sided grid paper 6 can be completely Attached to the side of the grid paper axis 5, the sleeve 3 is well defined by the central axis 2, and the sleeve 3 can be driven to rotate 2360 degrees around the central axis freely by applying force to the needle cylinder 17, but it cannot deviate vertically or longitudinally from the central axis , the scanning needle 17 is well defined by the needle cylinder 16, the inner wall of the needle cylinder 16 is smooth, and the scanning needle 17 can move freely and sensitively up and down in it, but it cannot deviate horizontally, so as to ensure that the actual measurement radii of the obtained sections are equal. The tip of the scanning needle 17 is made of diamond Production, the three-stage telescopic cylinder and the fixed arm 12 are tightly defined to ensure that the applied force can be drawn out in sequence, and when the sleeve 3 rotates around the central axis 2, they do not loosen each other.

As shown in Figure 5, after inserting the tablet rod 21 and the profile pen 19 into the grid paper shaft 5 and the pen holder 18 respectively, they can be well fixed respectively by screwing in the tablet rod knob 10 and the profile pen knob 20, and the level 11 The outer shell is made of a transparent rigid material, which makes it easy to observe the movement of the water bubbles in it, and at the same time ensures that it is not easy to damage.

When comparing the anisotropy of surface roughness at multiple places on the same structural surface, the consistency of the measurement orientation of each comparison section should be considered. This can be achieved by ensuring that the water bubbles in the level gauge 11 on each measuring point are centered when the base 1 is placed, so that the relative spatial orientations of the points on the obtained sections are consistent, and the starting point of the section is along the overall direction of the measuring surface. distributed in a vertical direction.

When measuring circular sections with circumferences of 15 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm, the actual cross-sections obtained by the single-sided grid paper 6 of this instrument are all 10 cm long. In order to obtain the corresponding real circular profile, the actual measured profile needs to be multiplied by 1.5, 2, and 3 respectively under the premise that the height difference value remains unchanged, and the real profile shape is obtained. In actual operation, the scanned single-sided grid paper 6 can be easily measured to obtain an electronic version of the section, and stretched in the length direction to 1.5 times, 2 times and 3 times the original length, that is, the roughness of the actually scanned structure surface can be obtained. degree form.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of mechanical surface roughmeter for being used to measure arc-shaped section, totally coarse for circular rock profile surface The measurement of degree, it is characterised in that including the measurement main body being sequentially connected, measurement telescopic arm and measuring appliance, described measurement main body It is described including the handle (9) being coaxially sequentially connected from top to bottom, grid reel (5), cushion cap (4), axis (2) and base (1) Grid reel (5) outer surface is provided with one side grid paper (6), described measuring appliance include the section pen (19) being mutually connected vertically and Scanning needle (17), the nib of described section pen (19) is contacted with one side grid paper (6), and described scanning needle (17) passes through measurement Telescopic arm is connected with axis (2), sleeve (3) that described measurement telescopic arm includes being sequentially connected, fixed arm (12), retracting cylinder and Syringe (16), described sleeve (3) is set on axis (2), and described syringe (16) is set on scanning needle (17), described Retracting cylinder includes first order retracting cylinder (13), second level retracting cylinder (14) and the third level retracting cylinder (15) being arranged successively, described First order retracting cylinder (13) be fixedly connected with sleeve (3), described third level retracting cylinder (15) is fixedly connected with syringe (16), Described measurement main body also includes being arranged on the tabletting bar knob (10) of grid reel (5) upper surface, tabletting bar (21) and set Tabletting (8) in grid reel (5) side, described tabletting bar (21) is connected with tabletting (8), on described grid reel (5) Surface is additionally provided with two orthogonal radial markings lines (22), and first radial markings line is provided with knob (10), Article 2 Radial markings line is provided with spirit level (11).

2. a kind of mechanical surface roughmeter for being used to measure arc-shaped section according to claim 1, its feature exists In described measuring appliance also includes the pen stand (18) of connection section pen (19) and scanning needle (17) respectively, described pen stand (18) To be square, and upper surface is provided with the section knob (20) to fixed section pen (19).

3. a kind of mechanical surface roughmeter for being used to measure arc-shaped section according to claim 1, its feature exists In described spirit level (11) is a strip water tank, and the centre of described tank top curved surfaces indicates center line scale, water A bubble is provided with case.

4. a kind of mechanical surface roughmeter for being used to measure arc-shaped section according to claim 1, its feature exists In the top of described scanning needle (17) and section pen (19) is cylindric, and bottom is equal nib shape, and nib diameter is 0.1mm, the needle point of described scanning needle (17) is made of stiffer wear-resistant material.

5. a kind of mechanical surface roughmeter for being used to measure arc-shaped section according to claim 1, its feature exists In, described tabletting (8) is arc tabletting, in the radius low-angle arc-shaped such as grid reel (5).

6. a kind of mechanical surface roughmeter for being used to measure arc-shaped section according to claim 1, its feature exists In described handle (9) is in dumbbell shaped.