CN107434341B - Method for efficiently recycling sludge - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/127—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering by centrifugation
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a method for efficiently recycling sludge. The method mainly comprises the steps of sludge concentration, pretreatment, solid-liquid separation, anaerobic digestion, sludge adsorbent preparation and the like. The operation method comprises the steps of concentrating the sludge of the sewage treatment plant to a proper concentration, then carrying out pretreatment by combining a mixed calcium-alkali agent with other methods, carrying out solid-liquid separation, carrying out anaerobic digestion on a liquid part to produce methane, and preparing sludge biochar from a solid part through drying or pyrolysis. The use of pretreatment comprising mixed calcium alkaline treatment allows the release of organic materials from the sludge, which may be anaerobically digested by a high efficiency anaerobic reactor to produce methane. The mixed calcium alkali can store most of phosphorus in the sludge solid, reduce the release of phosphorus in the pretreatment process and prepare the sludge biochar with higher phosphorus content on one hand, and can activate and modify the sludge solid on the other hand, and the prepared sludge biochar has good adsorption property.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a method for enhancing sludge recycling of a sewage treatment plant by combining a mixed alkaline agent with other treatment methods.
Background art:
sludge is a byproduct of the biological sewage treatment process, and the sludge contains a large amount of organic wastes, so that serious environmental problems can be caused without treatment. Along with the acceleration of the urbanization and industrialization process in China, the treatment capacity of urban sewage is greatly increased, and the sludge generated in the sewage treatment process is also greatly increased. According to statistics, the sludge yield (calculated by water content of 80%) of urban sewage treatment plants in the whole year of China in 2015 reaches 3359 ten thousand tons and is still increasing continuously, and the sludge yield is estimated to break through 6000 ten thousand tons by 2020. The traditional concept of 'heavy water and light sludge' inhibits the investment and development of sludge treatment, so that the capacity of sludge treatment in China is insufficient and the means is laggard at present when the aims and requirements of 'recycling, reduction, stabilization and harmlessness' required by sludge treatment are met. Because the sludge treatment cost is higher and can account for 30% -60% of the total investment of a sewage treatment plant, the treatment and disposal of the sludge become important problems faced by the sewage treatment plant. Meanwhile, the sludge is rich in resources, is an organic waste, and is the first choice for sludge treatment in the face of the current situation of resource shortage. At present, methods for recycling sludge include land utilization, energy recovery (such as anaerobic fermentation hydrogen production, methane production and electricity production), use as alternative fuel sources, use as building materials (such as cement and bricks), use of emerging technologies to recover resources (such as gasification and cracking oil production) from sludge, use as adsorption materials (such as biochar and ceramsite), and the like. Among them, anaerobic digestion for methane production is a sludge resource method which is applied more at present. In addition, at present, most of sludge is recycled by only one method, and the coupling of two or more recycling methods is lacked.
Due to the complex composition of the sludge and the fact that most organic matters in the sludge are in microbial cells. The unique structure of the sludge influences the efficiency of sludge recycling. Therefore, pretreatment is often used to improve the sludge recycling efficiency, for example, pretreatment enhances anaerobic digestion of sludge, sludge pretreatment releases organic substances as an internal carbon source for denitrification, and the like. During the sludge pretreatment process, a part of organic matters are converted from an insoluble state to a dissolved state, so that the solid content of the sludge is reduced. However, most of the pretreatment processes can only reduce the solid content of the sludge by 10-50%, and a large amount of solid content still exists in the sludge. The existence of solid matters can influence the selection of a sludge recycling method. For example, due to the existence of solid matters, the anaerobic digestion of the sludge generally adopts a simple fully-mixed anaerobic fermentation tank, and a second-generation high-efficiency anaerobic reactor (such as an upflow sludge bed reactor and an internal circulation type anaerobic reactor) is difficult to adopt. On the other hand, in the preparation process of the sludge adsorbent, alkaline hydroxides (such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide) can be used for activating and modifying the sludge, so that the adsorption performance of the sludge adsorbent is improved. Methods of alkali-containing treatment processes (such as alkali treatment, hot alkali treatment, alkali-ultrasonic treatment, alkali-homogenizing treatment, alkali-microwave treatment and the like) are important sludge pretreatment methods. In such processes, the commonly used bases are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc., wherein the pretreatment effect of the former two is significantly higher than that of the latter. However, calcium ions can improve the dehydration performance of the sludge by compressing a sludge colloid double layer, bridging the negatively charged flocs and the like, thereby being beneficial to solid-liquid separation of the sludge. Meanwhile, calcium ions can react with phosphorus released in the sludge pretreatment process, so that the part of phosphorus is fixed in the sludge solid, and the release of phosphorus in the pretreatment process is reduced. Therefore, if the pretreatment enhances the anaerobic property of the sludge, the alkaline hydroxide improves the adsorption property of the sludge adsorbent, the calcium ion improves the solid-liquid separation effect of the sludge, and the phosphorus fixation effect are combined, the sludge recycling efficiency can be improved. However, there is currently no study in this regard.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to overcome the defects of the traditional sludge recycling method, the invention provides the sludge efficient recycling method which is simple in process, simple and convenient to operate and control and low in operating cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
firstly, pretreating the concentrated sludge of the sewage treatment plant by adopting a mixed alkaline agent and combining other methods to release organic matters in the sludge, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, carrying out anaerobic digestion on a liquid part by using a high-efficiency anaerobic reactor to produce methane, and directly drying the solid part to prepare a sludge adsorbent or preparing sludge biochar by high-temperature pyrolysis. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) sludge concentration treatment, namely adjusting the sludge concentration to 15-100 g/L;
the concentration treatment method comprises gravity concentration, centrifugal concentration or filtration concentration;
preferably, the concentration of the concentrated sludge is 20-60 g/L;
(2) pretreating the concentrated sludge by adopting a mixed alkaline agent, wherein the alkaline adding amount in the pretreatment process is controlled by a pH value, and the pH value range is 10.0-13.0;
the mixed alkaline agent is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, and the mass ratio of the mixture of the sodium hydroxide and the calcium hydroxide is 1-10: 1;
the pretreatment time is 5min-24 h;
preferably, the mass ratio of sodium hydroxide to calcium hydroxide is 2-3: 1;
preferably, the pH range is 11.5-12.0;
preferably, the mixed alkaline agent is pretreated simultaneously with other treatment methods, such as heat treatment, microwave treatment, ultrasonic treatment, mechanical treatment and the like;
(3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the pretreated sludge;
the solid-liquid separation can adopt high-speed centrifugal separation or filtration separation;
(4) performing anaerobic digestion on a liquid part obtained by solid-liquid separation by using a high-efficiency anaerobic reactor to produce methane;
preferably, the high-efficiency anaerobic reactor is an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed reactor, an expanded granular sludge bed reactor, an internal circulation anaerobic reactor or an anaerobic membrane bioreactor;
(5) the solid part obtained by solid-liquid separation is prepared into a sludge adsorbent by direct drying or is prepared into sludge biochar by high-temperature pyrolysis;
the direct drying temperature is 60-105 ℃;
preferably, the temperature of the direct drying is 85-105 ℃;
the high-temperature pyrolysis temperature is 500-700 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 40-120 minutes;
preferably, the temperature of the high-temperature pyrolysis is 550-650 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 60-80 minutes;
the sludge adsorbent or the sludge biochar can be used for adsorbing heavy metals, dyes, phosphorus, ammonia in sewage, or hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and the like in waste gas or marsh gas;
the sludge biochar can also be directly used as a soil conditioner.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention adopts the mixed alkaline agent of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide with proper proportion to combine with other methods to carry out pretreatment of the concentrated sludge, OH-Performing lysis on the sludge and releasing sludge organic matters; the added calcium ions can improve the dehydration performance of the pretreated sludge by compressing a sludge colloid double electric layer, bridging flocs with negative charges and the like, and improve the solid-liquid separation efficiency of the sludge; meanwhile, calcium ions can react with phosphorus released in the sludge pretreatment process, so that the part of phosphorus is fixed in the sludge solid, the release of phosphorus in the pretreatment process is reduced, and the phosphorus content of the subsequently prepared biochar is improved;
2. through solid-liquid separation, the solid part of the sludge is not subjected to anaerobic digestion, so that the requirement of high solid concentration on selection of an anaerobic reactor is relieved, and the sludge supernatant after pretreatment contains a large amount of organic matters, so that the anaerobic digestion methane production efficiency can be greatly improved;
3. the solid part can be prepared into sludge biochar for adsorbing and removing heavy metal, dye, phosphorus, ammonia or hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas in waste gas or marsh gas in sewageAnd the adsorption efficiency of the obtained sludge adsorbent or biochar is obviously improved due to the action of mixed calcium-alkali treatment, and compared with the original sludge without pretreatment, the Cu-containing sludge adsorbent or biochar is prepared by adding Cu2+The adsorption capacity of the lead-free zinc-rich material is improved by 20-45 percent, the adsorption capacity of P is improved by 25-60 percent, and Pb is improved by 25-60 percent2+The adsorption amount of the copper-based composite material is improved by 25-35%, and compared with the sludge subjected to alkali treatment only by NaOH, the Cu-based copper-based composite material is prepared by adding Cu2+The adsorption capacity of the lead-free zinc-rich material is improved by 10-25%, the adsorption capacity of P is improved by 15-30%, and Pb is improved2+The adsorption amount of (A) is improved by 10-15%.
4. The solid sludge fraction can also be used in soil amendments, and the biochar produced contains higher nutrients as most of the phosphorus in the sludge is retained in the solids.
5. The invention has simple process, simple and convenient operation and control and low operating cost, and can obviously improve the recycling efficiency of the sludge.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1 method for efficiently recycling sludge
The excess sludge from the sewage treatment plant was gravity-concentrated to adjust the sludge concentration to 20 g/L using NaOH and Ca (OH) in a mass ratio of 3: 12And (3) adjusting the pH value of the sludge to 12 by using a mixed alkaline agent, treating for 24 hours, and centrifuging the treated sludge at 6000r/min for 10min for solid-liquid separation. The liquid part is subjected to anaerobic digestion to produce methane through an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed reactor, the hydraulic retention time is 8-12 days, the hydraulic retention time is shortened by 40-60% compared with the traditional sludge anaerobic digestion tank (the hydraulic retention time is calculated by 20 days), and the gas production rate of the anaerobic digestion is improved by 53-65% compared with the sludge without pretreatment. Drying the solid part at 105 deg.C for 6 hr, grinding the dried sludge (2mm), and adsorbing Cu2+Cu, a sample prepared from raw sludge without pretreatment2+The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is improved by 20-30%; compared with a sample prepared by only adopting NaOH to adjust the pH value to 12, the sample is Cu2+The adsorption amount of (A) is improved by 15-25%.
Example 2 method for efficiently recycling sludge
Centrifugally concentrating the residual sludge from sewage treatment plant, adjusting the sludge concentration to 40 g/L, and adding NaOH and C at a mass ratio of 2: 1a(OH)2The pH value of the sludge is adjusted to 11.5 by the mixed alkaline agent, then the sludge is treated at 175 ℃ for 60 minutes, and then the treated sludge is centrifuged for 10 minutes at 6000r/min for solid-liquid separation, the liquid part is anaerobically digested by an internal circulation type anaerobic reactor to produce methane, the hydraulic retention time is 5-10 days, compared with the traditional sludge anaerobic digestion tank (the hydraulic retention time is 20 days), the gas production rate of the anaerobic digestion is improved by 60-70% compared with untreated sludge, the solid part is pyrolyzed for 1 hour in a nitrogen-gas environment at 600 ℃, and the sample obtained by pyrolysis is ground and crushed (2mm) and is used for adsorbing dye cation X-GR L, compared with the sample obtained by preparing the original sludge, the adsorption amount of the cation X-GR L is improved by 30-60%.
Example 3 method for efficiently recycling sludge
Centrifugally concentrating the excess sludge from sewage treatment plant, adjusting the sludge concentration to 30 g/L, and adding NaOH and Ca (OH) in a mass ratio of 2: 12And (3) adjusting the pH value of the sludge to 11.5 by using a mixed alkaline agent, then mechanically treating for 60 minutes, and centrifuging the treated sludge for 10 minutes at 6000r/min for solid-liquid separation. The liquid part is subjected to anaerobic digestion through an anaerobic membrane bioreactor to produce methane, the hydraulic retention time is 10 days, compared with the traditional sludge anaerobic digestion tank (the hydraulic retention time is calculated by 20 days), the hydraulic retention time is shortened by 50%, and compared with the traditional anaerobic digestion of untreated sludge, the gas production rate of the anaerobic digestion is improved by 80%. And (3) pyrolyzing the solid part for 1 hour in a nitrogen gas environment at 650 ℃, grinding and crushing (2mm) a sample obtained by pyrolysis to adsorb phosphorus in sewage, wherein the phosphorus adsorption amount is improved by 60 percent compared with a sample prepared from raw sludge, and the phosphorus adsorption amount is improved by 30 percent and the phosphorus content of the obtained sample is also improved by 60 percent compared with a sample prepared by adjusting the pH value to 11.5 by using NaOH and carrying out mechanical pretreatment.
Example 4 method for efficiently recycling sludge
The excess sludge from the sewage treatment plant was gravity-concentrated to a sludge concentration of 60 g/L using NaOH and Ca (OH) in a mass ratio of 10:12Adjusting the pH value of the sludge to 10 by using a mixed alkaline agent, performing 1000W microwave treatment for 5min, and centrifuging the treated sludge at 6000r/min for 10min for solid-liquid separation.The liquid part is subjected to anaerobic digestion to produce methane through the expanded granular sludge bed reactor, the hydraulic retention time is 8-10 days, the hydraulic retention time is shortened by 50-60% compared with the traditional sludge anaerobic digestion tank (the hydraulic retention time is calculated by 20 days), and the gas production rate of the anaerobic digestion is improved by 30-40% compared with the original sludge treatment. Drying the solid part at 85 deg.C for 6 hr, grinding the dried sludge (2mm), and adsorbing Pb2+Pb, as compared with the sample prepared from untreated sludge2+The adsorption amount of (A) is improved by 25-35%. Compared with the sample prepared by only adopting NaOH to adjust the pH value to 10 and then carrying out the same microwave treatment, Pb is2+The adsorption amount of (A) is improved by 10-13%.
Compared with the sample prepared by the original treated sludge, the phosphorus adsorption amount is improved by 25-40%, and compared with the sample prepared by just adopting NaOH to adjust the pH value to 10 and carrying out the same microwave treatment, the phosphorus adsorption amount is improved by 15-20%, and the phosphorus content of the obtained sample is also improved by 40-60%.
Example 5 efficient recycling method of sludge
The excess sludge from the sewage treatment plant was gravity-concentrated to adjust the sludge concentration to 100 g/L using NaOH and Ca (OH) in a mass ratio of 8: 12Adjusting the pH value of the sludge to 13 by using a mixed alkaline agent, carrying out ultrasonic treatment (225kJ/kgTS) for 30 minutes, and then centrifuging the treated sludge at 6000r/min for 10min for solid-liquid separation. The liquid part is subjected to anaerobic digestion by an internal circulation type anaerobic reactor to produce methane, the hydraulic retention time is 6-10 days, the hydraulic retention time is shortened by 50-70% compared with the traditional sludge anaerobic digestion tank (the hydraulic retention time is calculated by 20 days), and the gas production rate of the anaerobic digestion is improved by 50-75% compared with the original sludge treatment. Pyrolyzing the solid part at 550 deg.C for 80min, grinding the pyrolyzed sludge (2mm), and adsorbing Cu2+Cu, a sample prepared from raw sludge without pretreatment2+The adsorption amount of (A) is improved by 30-45%. Compared with a sample which is prepared by just adopting NaOH to adjust the pH value to 13 and carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the sample, Cu2+The adsorption amount of (A) is improved by 10-15%.
Compared with a sample prepared by original sludge, the phosphorus adsorption amount is improved by 40-50%, and compared with a sample prepared by ultrasonic treatment and only adopting NaOH to adjust the pH value to 13, the phosphorus adsorption amount is improved by 15-25%, and the phosphorus content of the obtained sample is also improved by 30-45%.
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments, but the present invention is only the preferred embodiments, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-efficiency sludge recycling method is characterized in that sludge is concentrated and then is pretreated by adopting a mixed alkaline agent, wherein the mixed alkaline agent is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, and the mixing mass ratio of the sodium hydroxide to the calcium hydroxide is 3-10: 1; and after pretreatment, carrying out solid-liquid separation, carrying out anaerobic digestion on a liquid part to produce methane, and directly drying the solid part to prepare a sludge adsorbent or preparing sludge biochar by high-temperature pyrolysis.
2. The efficient sludge recycling method according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) sludge concentration treatment, namely adjusting the sludge concentration to 15-100 g/L;
(2) pretreating the concentrated sludge by adopting a mixed alkaline agent, wherein the alkaline adding amount in the pretreatment process is controlled by a pH value, and the pH value range is 10.0-13.0;
(3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the pretreated sludge;
(4) performing anaerobic digestion on a liquid part obtained by solid-liquid separation by using a high-efficiency anaerobic reactor to produce methane;
(5) the solid part obtained by solid-liquid separation is prepared into a sludge adsorbent by direct drying or is prepared into sludge biochar by high-temperature pyrolysis.
3. The method for efficiently recycling sludge as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mixed alkaline agent pretreatment is combined with the following treatment methods: heat treatment, microwave treatment, ultrasonic treatment or mechanical treatment.
4. The efficient sludge recycling method according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of sodium hydroxide to calcium hydroxide is 3: 1.
5. the efficient recycling method for sludge as claimed in claim 2, wherein the temperature of the direct drying is 60-105 ℃.
6. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is 500-700 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 40-120 min.
7. The efficient sludge recycling method according to claim 2, comprising the following steps:
(1) sludge concentration treatment, namely adjusting the sludge concentration to 20-60 g/L;
(2) pretreating the concentrated sludge by using a mixed alkaline agent, wherein the alkaline adding amount in the pretreatment process is controlled by a pH value, the pH value range is 11.5-12.0, the pretreatment time is 5min-24h, and the mixed alkaline agent is pretreated while the following treatment methods are combined: heat treatment, microwave treatment, ultrasonic treatment or mechanical treatment;
(3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the pretreated sludge;
(4) performing anaerobic digestion on a liquid part obtained by solid-liquid separation by using a high-efficiency anaerobic reactor to produce methane;
(5) the solid part obtained by solid-liquid separation is prepared into a sludge adsorbent by direct drying or is prepared into sludge biochar by high-temperature pyrolysis;
the temperature of the direct drying is 85-105 ℃;
the high-temperature pyrolysis temperature is 550-650 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 60-80 minutes.
8. A sludge adsorbent or sludge biochar prepared by the efficient sludge recycling method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The use of the sludge adsorbent or the sludge biochar as claimed in claim 8.
10. The use of the sludge adsorbent or the sludge biochar as claimed in claim 9, wherein the sludge adsorbent or the sludge biochar can be used for adsorbing heavy metals, dyes, phosphorus, ammonia in sewage, or hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas in waste gas or biogas;
the sludge biochar can also be directly used as a soil conditioner.
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| CN106746355A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-05-31 | 天津碧水源膜材料有限公司 | A kind of method that phosphorus and organic matter are effectively discharged for coagulant flco |
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