CN107431437B - 具有带有中心抽头的变压器的谐振变换器 - Google Patents

具有带有中心抽头的变压器的谐振变换器 Download PDF

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CN107431437B
CN107431437B CN201680014505.0A CN201680014505A CN107431437B CN 107431437 B CN107431437 B CN 107431437B CN 201680014505 A CN201680014505 A CN 201680014505A CN 107431437 B CN107431437 B CN 107431437B
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C·马格尔
F·P·缪斯尔
R·埃伯尔
F·施泰因莫雷尔
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1588Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/338Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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    • B23K11/00Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/24Electric supply or control circuits therefor
    • B23K11/26Storage discharge welding
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/565Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/26Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R17/00Measuring arrangements involving comparison with a reference value, e.g. bridge
    • G01R17/20AC or DC potentiometric measuring arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
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    • H02M1/0048Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
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Abstract

为了可以将谐振变换器在空载时的输出电压利用简单的附加电路调节到所希望的值,规定与谐振变换器(1)的次级侧的电开关元件(S1、S2)分别并联连接至少一个电容器(C1、C2)。

Description

具有带有中心抽头的变压器的谐振变换器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种谐振变换器,该谐振变换器包括带有中心抽头的变压器和谐振电路,其中,所述变压器次级侧的中心点通过第一输出线路与第一输出端连接,并且变压器次级侧的两个外部的接头分别通过一个电开关元件连接,并且通过第二输出线路与第二输出端连接,以及涉及一种用于运行所述谐振变换器的方法。
背景技术
在变流器(例如谐振变换器1)中经常使用在次级侧上带有中心抽头的变压器。为此的示例如在图1中示出是以已知谐振变换器1形式的变流器1,在该谐振变换器中由扼流圈LR、电容CR以及变压器T的初级侧构成振荡电路。所述谐振变换器1通过在输入端UE上的脉冲模式被激励成振荡。所述脉冲模式例如可以通过已知的开关装置和PWM控制器(在图1中未示出)实现。所述振荡通过变压器T传递并且在次级侧被整流。
此外,某种谐振变换器1、例如串并联谐振变换器具有如下特性:输出电压UA在空载(即没有连接负载)时基于构成有CP的振荡电路这样提高,使得谐振变换器1利用输出侧的附加电路7(图3)的调节是有利的。这尤其是在焊接电源中是如下情况,在该情况中在空载中也希望获得一定的输出电压UA。为此,谐振变换器1在空载中脉冲式地运行。为此,在谐振变换器的输入端UE上在确定的时间段上施加电压脉冲。由谐振变换器1产生的振荡通过二极管D3在次级侧上给平滑电容器C3充电。在没有施加电压脉冲的时间中,所述平滑电容器C3通过电阻R1放电。因此,在谐振变换器1的输出端上调节到平均的输出电压UA,该输出电压通过在输入端上的电压脉冲的调节可以被保持到所希望的电平。在谐振变换器1的正常运行中所述附加电路没有起作用。尽管如此,平滑电容器C3必须针对最大的输出电压UA以及最大的脉冲频率设计并且因此相应大地确定尺寸,这需要在电路载体3上相应的空间。
谐振变换器1在次级侧上的开关元件通常设置在电路载体3上、例如电路板(如在图2中)或类似物上。但这些开关元件也可以通过铜弓形件(尤其是在非常高的电流或电压的情况下)连接。为了不必通过电路载体3引导谐振变换器1的导流的正输出线路2,这需要在电路载体3上大的铜横截面,所述正输出线路2通常作为单独的线路被向外引导并且不通过电路载体3,在该电路载体上实施用于测量输出电压UA的电压测量装置4(图2)或附加电路7(图3)。这然而使得需要将正输出线路2通过附加的连接线路5与电路载体3连接。为此,在电路板3上设置有插口6,在该插口上连接有连接线路5。但附加的连接线路5以及在电路载体3上的插口6的必要性当然同样提高了电组件的花费。相同的情况类似地也适用于使用铜弓形件的情况,因为在此按照现有技术也需要连接线路5用于将正输出线路2与附加电路7连接。
US6,288,919B1示出一种此类的谐振变换器,该谐振变换器在输出端上使用平滑电容器,该平滑电容器将中心点作为正输出线路与附加电路连接。附加地,两个电容器与开关元件并联地使用,以便能够实现快速地衰减开关元件中的电流。
除此之外,可能发生的是,所述连接线路5随时间松脱,或在装配时完全忘记将连接线路5与电路载体3或与正输出线路连接。所述两种情况可能导致谐振变换器1失效。尤其是,在省去连接线路5的情况下可能导致在二极管D1、D2上的过电压,该过电压也可能破坏所述二极管。因此值得期望的是,省去所述附加的构成故障源的连接线路5。
发明内容
因此,本发明的任务是确保,在谐振变换器空载时可以在避免上述电路技术上的问题的情况下利用简单的附加电路将输出电压调节到所希望的值。
按照本发明,所述任务通过如下方式得以解决,即,在第一输出端和第二输出端之间存在输出电压,从而第一输出端直接通过所述第一输出线路在没有其它的在第一输出端与第二输出端之间的、以输出侧的平滑电容器形式的电路的情况下向外引导,并且与所述电开关元件分别并联连接电容器,以便在谐振变换器空载时维持所述输出电压。在此,所述电容器在正常运行中(即具有连接负载)仅需要分别引导一半周期的电流并且因此可以比在按照现有技术(图3)的电路中显著较小地设计尺寸。因此,可能的电路载体也可以被实施得更小。因此尤其是也可以省略在第一输出端与电路载体之间至今必需的连接线路。因为中心点通过第一输出端形式的第一输出线路引出,并且不进一步在电路中连接,所以(尤其是省略在第一输出端和第二输出端之间的平滑电容器)有利地可以省略中心点与谐振变换器次级侧的附加电路的连接。因此,上述用于将中心点与次级侧的附加电路连接的连接线路(例如在电路载体上或借助铜弓形件等)形式的可能的故障源从一开始就被排除。
为了电容器更快速的放电,有利地可以与电开关元件分别并联连接至少一个放电电阻。
在下面的情况下谐振变换器的输出电压可以特别有利地被测量:在所述两个外部接头之间连接有至少两个串联连接的电阻,以便在所述两个电阻之间构成测量点,并且设置有电压测量单元,该电压测量单元测量在测量点与第二输出端之间的、与在第一输出端与第二输出端之间作用的输出电压相对应的电压。因此,所述输出电压可以被测量,而不需要如在现有技术中(图2)的在第一输出端与电压测量单元之间的连接线路。此外,测量输出电压使得能够实现,在空载中也调节空载电压。
当在测量点与第二输出端之间连接有至少一个另外的电阻时,基于出现的分压器可以减少电压测量单元的输入侧的电压范围。因此,所述电压测量单元有利地针对较低的测量电压设计。
附图说明
接下来参考附图1至7进一步阐释本发明,所述附图示例性地、示意性地且非限制地示出本发明的有利方案。其中:
图1示出根据现有技术的一种典型的谐振变换器,
图2示出在现有技术中通常的在带有中心抽头的变压器的次级侧上的电压测量装置,
图3示出在现有技术中通常的附加电路,该附加电路用于调节串并联谐振变换器在空载时的输出电压,
图4示出具有带有中心抽头的变压器的电路装置以及输出电压的电压测量装置,
图5示出具有按照本发明的用于调节空载电压的次级电路的串并联谐振变换器,
图6示出在空载情况下在串并联谐振变换器中产生的电压曲线,以及
图7示出一种串并联谐振变换器,该串并联谐振变换器具有按照本发明的用于电压测量的测量装置以及用于调节在空载时的输出电压的次级电路。
具体实施方式
图4示出一种具有带有次级侧中心抽头的变压器T的电路装置8。在带有中心抽头的变压器T的次级侧上存在有至少三个接头。一个用于中心点M的接头以及两个在次级侧绕组的端部上的接头,其中,这些接头被称作外部接头。
然而通常规定,带有中心抽头的变压器在本发明的意义中也可以理解为使用两个或多个具有共同芯的变压器绕组(如在图5中示出),在该变压器绕组中次级侧的绕组以及初级侧的绕组分别串联连接。在此也包括具有并联连接的初级绕组和串联连接的次级绕组的各独立变压器。在两个串联连接的次级侧绕组之间的电连接则对应于中心点M,第一输出线路10可以连接在该中心点上。
所述次级侧的中心点M通过第一输出线路10(在此是正输出线路)作为第一输出端12(在此是正极)向外引导。在此,所述第一输出线路10当然不通过电路载体3(例如电路板)引导,而是直接作为线路向外引导。在此省去在第一输出端12与第二输出端13之间的输出侧的平滑电容器。变压器T的次级侧的所述两个外部的或者说非串联连接的次级侧接头A1、A2分别以已知的方式引导到开关元件S1、S2的第一接头上。开关元件S1、S2的各第二接头互相连接并且形成整流器的第二输出端13(在此是负极),该整流器利用第二输出线路11(在此是负输出线路)向外引导。
如果以二极管形式的无源开关元件被用作电开关元件S1、S2,则得到已知的中心点整流器。如果有源开关元件、例如半导体开关(例如MOSFETs)被用作电开关元件S1、S2,则得到已知的同步整流器。因为中心点整流器和同步整流器的功能是充分已知的,并且对于本发明来说是不重要的,所以在此未进一步讨论。
所述开关元件S1、S2以常规的方式设置在电路载体3上。当然,该电路载体3也可以构造为分开的。尤其是在有源开关元件S1、S2的情况下,具有所述有源开关元件S1、S2的功率部件常常被设置在单独的电路载体3上。附加地,在用于测量电压的电路载体3上设置有电测量装置14,以用于测量输出电压UA。但次级侧的开关元件也可以通过铜弓形件互相连接。也可设想次级侧的电路装置作为电路载体3与铜弓形件的组合。例如,用于测量输出电压UA的测量装置14可以设置在电路载体3上并且其余的开关元件借助铜弓形件连接。
所述用于测量输出电压UA的测量装置14基本上包括两个电阻R3、R4,这两个电阻在变压器T的次级侧的两个外部接头A1、A2之间串联连接。由此在所述两个电阻R3、R4之间产生测量点P,在该测量点上相对于第二输出端13形成电压UP,该电压对应于在中心点M上作用的输出电压UA。所述在测量点P上的电压UP可以利用任意的电压测量单元V测量并且作为模拟的或数字的测量值MW被提供。例如,所述电压测量单元V可以构造为具有运算放大器的放大器电路,其中,该放大器电路的输出端在模数变换器中被数字化并且作为数字的测量值MW向外引导。
如果所述两个电阻R3、R4是相同的,则在该测量点P上的电压UP等于在中心点M上的输出电压UA,即在示出的实施例中等于在第一输出端12上的电压。如果所述两个电阻R3、R4是不同的,则在测量点P上形成对应于电阻R3、R4的比例的电压。因此,在这两种情况下输出电压UA可以在测量点P上被测量,其方式为测量测量点P相对于第二输出端13的电压UP,如在图4中示出。
在测量点P上的电压UP可以直接被测量,但也可设想通过分压器来测量。这允许使用具有减小的输入范围的电压测量单元V,从而可实现电路技术上的简化。为此,在测量点P与第二输出端13之间通过附加的电阻R2可以产生分压器,如在图4中示出。在此,电阻R2与在测量点P上与电阻R3和R4相关联引起电压UP相应地降低,该电压然而仍然与输出电压UA成正比。如果电压测量单元V应当要求更小的输入电压,则以已知的方式电阻R2可以以合适的比例被划分成两个电阻,以便实现对电压测量单元V的输入电压范围的适配。
因此,利用所述用于输出电压UA的电压测量的测量装置14,不再需要将第一输出线路10通过电路载体3引导或将第一输出线路10(如在现有技术中)与电路载体3或与电压测量单元V通过附加的连接线路5连接。
图5示出串并联谐振变换器1,该串并联谐振变换器具有由扼流圈LR、振荡电容器CR和变压器T的初级侧组成的初级侧串联振荡电路、由振荡电容器CP和变压器T的次级侧组成的次级侧并联振荡电路以及在次级侧上的中心点整流器(即,具有作为电开关元件S1、S2的二极管D1、D2)。在此,未完全示出所述初级侧,尤其是缺少用于产生示出的输入电压UE的本身已知的电路。当然,所述初级侧的振荡电路众所周知地然而也可以构造为并联振荡电路,在该并联振荡电路中振荡电容器CR例如与变压器的初级侧并联连接。同样,所述振荡电路以已知的方式也可以在次级侧上以不同的方式构造或根本没有构造。同样,二极管D1、D2当然也可以相反地被极化或由其它的电开关元件S1、S2代替。
为了在空载中将输出电压UA保持到所希望的值,设置有按照本发明的次级电路15,在该次级电路中与电开关元件S1、S2(在此二极管D1、D2)分别并联连接至少一个电容器C1、C2。因此,对于用于调节空载电压的次级电路15也不需要在第一输出线路10与电路载体3之间的单独连接。
在空载中,在谐振变换器1上应该维持所希望的输出电压UA。为此,在变压器T的初级侧上在确定的时间段t1上施加电压脉冲UE,该电压脉冲在初级侧上激励谐振电路。所述激励导致在变压器的次级侧上的振荡。在空载中在电容器C1、C2上作用的电压也围绕输出电压UA的水平振荡。在初级侧上在时间段t1中的激励期间所述电容器C1、C2由此被充电,这也导致提高在输出端UA上的空载电压。而后初级侧的激励在第二时间段t2中被中断。在该阶段中电容器C1、C2放电。为此,也可以设置放电电阻R5、R6,如在图5中示出。电容器C1、C2在没有放电电阻R5、R6的情况下根据其自身放电特性放电。如果次级电路15与测量装置14一起执行用于测量输出电压UA(如在图7中),则测量装置14的电阻R2、R3、R4同时用作放电电阻。在电容器C1、C2放电期间在输出端上的空载电压UA下降。因此,在输出端上在空载中得到平均的输出电压UA。因此,该输出电压UA可以通过调节电压脉冲UE、脉冲频率和时间段t1、t2被保持在所希望的值。在正常运行中(具有在输出端上连接的电负载)所述次级电路15没有起作用。在空载中例如在串并联谐振变换器中产生的电压曲线在图6中示意性地示出。
在此,次级电路15的所述两个电容器C1、C2可以与在按照现有技术(图3)的至今常见的电路中的平滑电容器C3相比具有较小的尺寸。因此,通过省略平滑电容器C3也可以节省电路载体3上的空间。因此,除此之外也可以减少电路载体3的热载荷,这同样导致电路载体3可以被缩小。
相比于平滑电容器C3较小的电容值C1、C2但也附加地引起,在空载时输出电压UA更快速地下降,这尤其是对于在焊接电源中的应用是有利的,因为因此所允许的最大电压在焊接结束之后更快速地被达到。
用于测量电压的测量装置14和用于调节在空载时的输出电压UA的次级电路15当然也可以组合,如在图7中借助具有中心点整流器的谐振变换器1示出。这种组合是更特别有利的,因为在空载时的输出电压UA(空载电压)通过测量在测量点P上的对应于输出电压UA的电压UP可以被调节到所希望的值或可以确保空载电压的所希望的值。

Claims (6)

1.一种谐振变换器,该谐振变换器包括带有中心抽头的变压器(T)和谐振电路,其中,所述变压器(T)的次级侧的中心点(M)通过第一输出线路(10)与第一输出端(12)连接,并且变压器(T)的次级侧的两个外部的接头(A1、A2)分别通过一个电开关元件(S1、S2)连接并且通过第二输出线路(11)与第二输出端(13)连接,在所述第一输出端(12)和所述第二输出端(13)之间存在输出电压(UA),从而第一输出端(12)直接通过所述第一输出线路(10)在没有其它的在第一输出端(12)与第二输出端(13)之间的、以输出侧的平滑电容器形式的电路的情况下向外引导,其特征在于,与所述电开关元件(S1、S2)分别并联连接至少一个电容器(C1、C2),以便在谐振变换器空载时维持所述输出电压(UA),在所述两个外部接头(A1、A2)之间连接有至少两个串联连接的电阻(R3、R4),以便在所述两个电阻(R3、R4)之间构成测量点(P)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的谐振变换器,其特征在于,与所述电开关元件(S1、S2)分别并联连接至少一个放电电阻(R5、R6)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的谐振变换器,其特征在于,设置有电压测量单元(V),该电压测量单元测量在测量点(P)与第二输出端(13)之间的、与在第一输出端(12)与第二输出端(13)之间作用的所述输出电压(UA)相对应的电压(UP)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的谐振变换器,其特征在于,在测量点(P)与第二输出端(13)之间连接有至少一个另外的电阻(R2)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的谐振变换器,其特征在于,在外部的接头(A1、A2)之间连接一个谐振电容器(Cp)。
6.一种用于运行根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的谐振变换器的方法,其中,在与中心点(M)连接的第一输出端(12)与第二输出端(13)之间产生输出电压(UA),所述第二输出端分别通过一个电开关元件(S1、S2)与变压器(T)的次级侧的两个外部接头(A1、A2)连接,其特征在于,在谐振变换器空载时通过使用分别与电开关元件(S1、S2)并联连接的电容器(C1、C2)维持所述输出电压(UA)。
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