CN107425706A - Dc/dc变换器的有源钳位电路 - Google Patents

Dc/dc变换器的有源钳位电路 Download PDF

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CN107425706A
CN107425706A CN201710253889.8A CN201710253889A CN107425706A CN 107425706 A CN107425706 A CN 107425706A CN 201710253889 A CN201710253889 A CN 201710253889A CN 107425706 A CN107425706 A CN 107425706A
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CN107425706B (zh
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李黄杰
王兴
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Liu Xiaotao
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Shanghai Yi Yi Automotive Electronic Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路,包括第一二极管、第二二极管、第一吸收电容、第二吸收电容、开关器件、比较模块和驱动器;所述第一二极管,接于所述变换器副边绕组的一端,为所述第一吸收电容充电;所述第二二极管,接于所述变换器副边绕组的另一端,为所述第二吸收电容充电;所述比较模块,在所述第一吸收电容和第二吸收电容的电压超出设定值的情况下,驱动所述驱动器工作;所述驱动器,被驱动工作的情况下,根据PWM信号调节输出的电压,并控制所述开关器件的通断;所述开关器件,被所述驱动器驱动导通,从而将所述第一吸收电容和第二吸收电容的电压输出;所述第一吸收电容与第二吸收电容互相并联。

Description

DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路
技术领域
本发明涉及DC/DC变换器,尤其涉及一种DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路。
背景技术
EV/HEV车载DC/DC变换器是实现高压电池到低压动力蓄电池充电的转换装装置,功率等级一般在1KW~3KW之间。高压电池电压工作范围一般有两种,为有100V~200V和200V~430V之间,高压电池电压随SOC状态变化而导致电压范围波动较宽;而低压电池输入一般稳定在11V~16V之间。根据功率等级和DC/DC整体性能与整车相匹配,一般拓扑选择移FSFB ZVS PWM DC/DC变换器或者LLC。LLC在输入电压较低的情况下需要较大的增益来满足DC/DC的输出电压,电路性能不易优化,一般需要通过前级稳压来弥补,增加主电路控制程度和成本。FSFB ZVS PWM DC/DC变换器同样具有工作频率高,变换器效率优的特点,并且可以满足宽输入电压范围车载DC/DC设计,主电路结构简单,控制方便。
但是传统FSFB ZVS PWM DC/DC变换器副边整流二极管或者同步整流MOSFET关断时会产生很大的电压尖峰。该电压尖峰产生的原因主要由器件反相恢复特性和谐振电感/变压器漏感与二极管或者MOSFET寄生电容谐振而产生的。该电压尖峰会导致器件损耗增加,影响器件寿命并且带来了严重电磁干扰的问题。
发明内容
为了解决以上提到的技术问题的部分或全部,本发明提供了一种DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路,包括第一二极管、第二二极管、第一吸收电容、第二吸收电容、开关器件、比较模块和驱动器;
所述第一二极管,接于所述变换器副边绕组的一端,为所述第一吸收电容充电;
所述第二二极管,接于所述变换器副边绕组的另一端,为所述第二吸收电容充电;
所述比较模块,在所述第一吸收电容和第二吸收电容的电压超出设定值的情况下,驱动所述驱动器工作;
所述驱动器,被驱动工作的情况下,根据PWM信号调节输出的电压,并控制所述开关器件的通断;
所述开关器件,被所述驱动器驱动导通,从而将所述第一吸收电容和第二吸收电容的电压输出
所述第一吸收电容与第二吸收电容互相并联。
可选的,所述的DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路还包括微控制器,所述微控制器依据输出电流和/或输出电压的大小输出PWM信号至所述驱动器。
可选的,所述的DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路还包括互相串联的第一电阻和第二电阻,所述第一电阻和第二电阻的两端并联于所述第一吸收电容和第二吸收电容,所述比较模块的一个输入端接于所述第一电阻和第二电阻之间,另一个输入端接入基准电压,所述比较模块的输出端连接至所述驱动器。
可选的,所述比较模块采用滞回模拟比较器。
可选的,所述开关器件采用场效应管,所述场效应管的栅极连接所述驱动器,所述场效应管的源极连接所述第一吸收电容和第二吸收电容,所述场效应管的漏极输出电压。
可选的,所述的DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路还包括接于所述开关器件的滤波电感。
本发明中,压器漏感或者谐振电感产生的能量通过两个钳位二极管对第一 吸收电容和第二吸收电容充电,当吸收电容上电压超过设定值后,通过模比较模块产生使能信号驱动驱动器正常工作。此时吸收电容上的电压通过第一开关器件转移到车载DC/DC输出端,输出端负载消耗电容上电压,使吸收电容复位。
附图说明
图1是本发明一可选实施例中DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合图1对本发明提供的DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路进行详细的描述,其为本发明可选的实施例,可以认为,本领域技术人员在不改变本发明精神和内容的范围内,对其进行修改和润色。
本发明提供了一种DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路,包括第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第一吸收电容C3、第二吸收电容C4、开关器件、比较模块和驱动器Driver;
所述第一二极管D1,接于所述变换器副边绕组的一端,为所述第一吸收电容C3充电;
所述第二二极管D2,接于所述变换器副边绕组的另一端,为所述第二吸收电容C4充电;
所述比较模块,在所述第一吸收电容C3和第二吸收电容C4的电压超出设定值的情况下,驱动所述驱动器Driver工作;
所述驱动器,被驱动工作的情况下,根据PWM信号调节输出的电压,并控制所述开关器件的通断;
所述开关器件,被所述驱动器驱动导通,从而将所述第一吸收电容C3和第二吸收电容C4的电压输出
所述第一吸收电容C3与第二吸收电容C4互相并联。
其中一种实施方式中,所述的DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路还包括微控制器,所述微控制器依据输出电流和/或输出电压的大小输出PWM信号至所述驱动器。PWM信号由MCU发出,并根据输出电流调节PWM Duty大小。通过软件调节PWM Duty大小是根据DC/DC输出电流大小/输入电压高低。因为输入电压越高,输出电流越大,漏感产生的能量越大,此时需要更大的占空比将吸收电容上的电压往负载端放,如果占空比过小,会造成吸收电容电压继续增加而不能复位,最终导致整流器件电压应力超过器件的最大工作范围而导致器件失效。
其中一种实施方式中,所述的DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路还包括互相串联的第一电阻R3和第二电阻R4,所述第一电阻R3和第二电阻R4的两端并联于所述第一吸收电容C3和第二吸收电容C4,所述比较模块的一个输入端接于所述第一电阻R3和第二电阻R4之间,另一个输入端接入基准电压Vref,所述比较模块的输出端连接至所述驱动器。所述比较模块采用滞回模拟比较器,
其中一种实施方式中,所述开关器件采用场效应管Q_Buck,所述场效应管Q_Buck的栅极连接所述驱动器,所述场效应管Q_Buck的源极连接所述第一吸收电容C3和第二吸收电容C4,所述场效应管Q_Buck的漏极输出电压。控制信号主要取决于滞回比较器的输出,响应速度较快,不会使吸收电容电压因过放电从而导致变压器副边短路现象。
其中一种实施方式中,所述的DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路还包括接于所述开关器件的滤波电感L_buck。
工作电路描述如下:变压器漏感或者谐振电感产生的能量通过钳位二极管,即第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2对第一吸收电容C3和第二吸收电容C4充电,当吸收电容上电压超过设定值后,通过模拟比较器产生一个Enb信号给驱动器正常工作。此时吸收电容上的电压通过场效应管Q_Buck和滤波电感L_buck转移到车载DC/DC输出端,输出端负载消耗电容上电压,使吸收 电容复位。
本发明具体实施方式中,为了能在任何工况下,车载DC/DC变换器都能有效吸收副边整流器件电压应力,吸收电路控制简单,并且减少PCB体积和提高DC/DC效率。本发明可选方案涉及的钳位电路结合FSFB全波整流变换器特点,无需与主电路开关时序匹配,可以单独做成一个模块,集成度高,可以有效吸收变压器漏感,谐振电感能量和器件反相恢复能量。技术创新点主要体现在数字与模拟相结合并多段控制有源吸收电路,电路即是工作可以在“开环”模式,又同时可以工作在“闭环”模式,硬件与软件同时参与控制,响应速度较快,可靠性较高。
“开环”模式是指有源钳位电路放电功率比在一定负载范围内是固定的,放电功率大小取决于放电电路的占空比大小;“闭环”模式是指有源钳位电路工作与否由硬件电路决定,并且软件会根据负载电流和输入电压调节有源钳位电路的放电功率,使有源钳位电路工作处于最优模式,即钳位效果优的同时电路的损耗可以降到最低。
本发明可选方案还可以具有以下有益效果:
1)、采用有源钳位方案可以减少因无源吸收带来的钳位电容损耗过大的弊端,且钳位效果优于无源吸收;
2)、有源钳位控制信号采用模拟滞回比较电路,具有控制精度高,动态响应快的优点;再加上软件调节放电功率大小,可以有效降低钳位电路的损耗;
3)、车载DC/DC运行时工况负载,DC/DC开机时对副边整流器件冲击较大,可以有效响应并将整流器件钳位在安全的工作电压范围内。
4)、可以有效解决大功率电源副边整流器件电压应力过高的问题,并降低RC或者RCD电阻损耗,提高了DC/DC整体效率;有利于DC/DC更高频化,小型化发展;
5)、独立于主电路的有源钳位电路,可以不匹配主电路工作时序,钳位电 路控制简单有效,可以移植到多种DC/DC拓扑电路中。
综上所述,本发明中,压器漏感或者谐振电感产生的能量通过两个钳位二极管对第一吸收电容和第二吸收电容充电,当吸收电容上电压超过设定值后,通过模比较模块产生使能信号驱动驱动器正常工作。此时吸收电容上的电压通过第一开关器件转移到车载DC/DC输出端,输出端负载消耗电容上电压,使吸收电容复位。

Claims (6)

1.一种DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路,其特征在于:包括第一二极管、第二二极管、第一吸收电容、第二吸收电容、开关器件、比较模块和驱动器;
所述第一二极管,接于所述变换器副边绕组的一端,为所述第一吸收电容充电;
所述第二二极管,接于所述变换器副边绕组的另一端,为所述第二吸收电容充电;
所述比较模块,在所述第一吸收电容和第二吸收电容的电压超出设定值的情况下,驱动所述驱动器工作;
所述驱动器,被驱动工作的情况下,根据PWM信号调节输出的电压,并控制所述开关器件的通断;
所述开关器件,被所述驱动器驱动导通,从而将所述第一吸收电容和第二吸收电容的电压输出;
所述第一吸收电容与第二吸收电容互相并联。
2.如权利要求1所述的DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路,其特征在于:还包括微控制器,所述微控制器依据输出电流和/或输出电压的大小输出PWM信号至所述驱动器。
3.如权利要求1所述的DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路,其特征在于:还包括互相串联的第一电阻和第二电阻,所述第一电阻和第二电阻的两端并联于所述第一吸收电容和第二吸收电容,所述比较模块的一个输入端接于所述第一电阻和第二电阻之间,另一个输入端接入基准电压,所述比较模块的输出端连接至所述驱动器。
4.如权利要求1所述的DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路,其特征在于:所述比较模块采用滞回模拟比较器。
5.如权利要求1所述的DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路,其特征在于:所述开关器件采用场效应管,所述场效应管的栅极连接所述驱动器,所述场效应管的源极连接所述第一吸收电容和第二吸收电容,所述场效应管的漏极输出电压。
6.如权利要求1所述的DC/DC变换器的有源钳位电路,其特征在于:还包括接于所述开关器件的滤波电感。
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