CN107406620A - 用于降解塑料的组合物 - Google Patents

用于降解塑料的组合物 Download PDF

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CN107406620A
CN107406620A CN201580077717.9A CN201580077717A CN107406620A CN 107406620 A CN107406620 A CN 107406620A CN 201580077717 A CN201580077717 A CN 201580077717A CN 107406620 A CN107406620 A CN 107406620A
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曼纽尔·伦登
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Abstract

本发明提供一种在塑料制造期间使用的添加剂形式的用于降解塑料的组合物。所述组合物由预定量的庚烷、纤维素、甲基三氧化铼、丁羟甲苯和多酚氧化酶组成。所述添加剂可选择性地进行编程以使所述塑料在预定时间开始分解。

Description

用于降解塑料的组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种组合物,并且更具体地说,涉及一种用于降解塑料的组合物。
背景技术
大多数塑料包括不可生物降解的污染物质。过去已经产生了环境友好组合物的若干制剂。然而,它们都不使用衍生自靶向降解的塑料的隐藏在经由靶向降解的聚合物结构本身的相同塑料合成的化学遮掩物中的底层添加剂,所述化学遮掩物部分溶解以形成用于在内部的纳米编程的化学添加的覆盖物。当活化时,所述添加剂首先分解单体之间的当前聚合物连接物,并且随后将它们取代为易于通过水、氧化和/或厌氧/需氧生物降解而降解的较弱连接物。此外,它们都不包括聚合过程,所述聚合过程打开纳米可编程物质催化所需反应以重新分配塑料(包括油衍生的高密度塑料)上的连接物结构的时间窗,而不损害其热稳定性、热塑性、物理、机械、化学稳定性和质量总体标准。
描述最接近主题的其他专利提供一些或多或少复杂的特征,所述特征不能以有效和经济的方式解决问题。这些专利都未提出本发明的新颖特征。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的之一是提供一种用于形成易于降解的塑料的组合物。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于添加剂的组合物,所述添加剂将可降解变量添加至油衍生的高密度塑料和熔化温度在500℃以下的一般塑料。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种使用纳米添加剂的组合物,所述纳米添加剂非常小且低廉但可改变大量聚合物。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于化学结构的组合物,所述化学结构用作底层纳米添加剂催化那些添加剂与靶向降解的塑料之间的均匀共混物的遮掩物。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种由不含碳足迹的100%均匀共混物制成的组合物。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用倒数因子添加剂/塑料的质量对降解时间进行编程的组合物,所述组合物的变化改变靶向降解的退化时间比的塑料。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种使大分子(如聚合物)与小分子(如本发明添加剂)之间的共混物稳定、同时保留原始分子结构、质量、热塑性和其他物理、热和机械特性的组合物。
本发明的另一个目的是提供这样一种生产成本低廉的组合物。
将在本说明书的以下部分中提出本发明的其它目的,其中详细描述是出于完全公开本发明的目的而不对其进行限制。
具体实施方式
在其基本形式中,本发明包含以下物质:庚烷、纤维素、甲基三氧化铼、丁羟甲苯和多酚氧化酶。
为了适当地制备所述组合物,必须使用庚烷使一部分样品塑料部分地去合成。然后将所得混合物在样品塑料的熔化温度的75%下与精确测量的纤维素、甲基三氧化铼、丁羟甲苯和多酚氧化酶组合。然后将所得组合物作为添加剂添加至预定塑料生产需求。与本发明主题的添加剂均质化的所得塑料具有易于氧化、水降解和生物降解的较弱连接物。可用本发明组合物处理的塑料类型是熔化温度在500℃以下的那些塑料。
本发明也适用于油衍生的高密度聚合物。本发明中使用的庚烷部分地破坏聚合物的结构,同时保留在添加剂复合材料中取样的原始塑料的物理特性。本发明然后使用纤维素、甲基三氧化铼、丁羟甲苯和多酚氧化酶以将那些断裂连接物替代为更易受环境降解元素影响的较弱连接物。塑料中的每个分子与添加剂均质化。其他成分也起作用以降低庚烷的效力,以使得塑料随时间推移降解而不是突然之间,因为庚烷具有使塑料突然间降解的潜力。可将添加剂编程为在预定时间分解塑料。退化时间以化学计量方式解决,并且取决于塑料的密度。每种类型的塑料具有不同的退化时间,但将塑料的密度与倒数因子添加剂/塑料的质量相关联,可控制退化时间。对于较短时间的较高因子和对于较长时间的较低因子。
以下公开了制备本发明主题的添加剂组合物所需的比例:
添加剂的退化时间可编程性通过以下组成给出:
百分比与分子量(g/mol)有关,
* SP = 样品塑料。在第一步中不同类型的塑料将需要不同量的庚烷。
* CA、CB、CC和CD = 化合物A、B,C和D
* BA = 本发明主题的添加剂
* PD = 采样的塑料的实际生产需求量
(1):SP <100%> + 溶液中的庚烷体积接近直到溶质(SP)部分溶解于溶剂(庚烷)中 =CA
这意味着将庚烷添加至100%样品塑料中,直到样品塑料部分溶解到庚烷中。
(2):CA <100%> + 纤维素<100%> = CB
这意味着将纤维素添加至CA,直到添加的纤维素的量的分子量等于CA的分子量。
(3):CB <100%> + 甲基三氧化铼 <50%> = CC
这意味着将甲基三氧化铼添加至CB,直到添加的甲基三氧化铼的量的分子量等于CB的分子量的一半。
(4):CC <100%> + 丁羟甲苯 <15%>
这意味着将丁羟甲苯添加至CC直到添加的丁羟甲苯的量的分子量等于CB的分子量的15%。
(5):CD <100%> + 多酚氧化酶 <75%> = BA
这意味着将多酚氧化酶添加至CD直到添加的多酚氧化酶的量的分子量等于CD的分子量的75%。
这意味着多酚氧化酶被添加到CD中直到加入的多酚氧化酶的分子量等于CD的分子量的75%。
(6):BA <0.1%> + PD <100%> = 最终商业生产塑料SP = 客户的需求。(0.1%相当于1的倒数因子(添加剂/塑性的质量)。
BA等于最终添加剂。一旦产生BA,则以添加剂(BA)的形式添加生产所需的塑料量的的分子量的0.1%。
上述分子量百分比公开了申请人已知的最有效的量。然而,每个分子量百分比仍然能够在+/- 5%的范围内起作用,尽管不是一样有效的。为了说明,所添加的纤维素中的分子量的百分比可在90%)与100%>的范围内,并且仍然起作用。类似地,甲基三氧化铼的百分比可在45%>-55%的范围内并且起作用。丁羟甲苯的百分比可在10%-20%的范围内并且仍然起作用,多酚氧化酶的百分比可在70%) - 80%的范围内并且仍然起作用。待添加至寻求生产的塑料的量的添加剂的量可在0.09%>与1%之间。
前述描述传达了对本发明的目的和优点的最佳理解。可对本发明的发明构思做出不同的实施方案。应了解,本文公开的所有物质将仅被解释为说明性的,而不是限制性的。
工业实用性
从先前段落显而易见的是,用于降解塑料的新的和非显而易见的组合物是有用的和合乎需要的,因为它提供降解塑料的添加剂。通过使用本发明主题的组合物,环境中来自塑料的污染将较少,同时保留原始分子结构、质量、热塑性以及其他物理、热和机械特性。此外,所述添加剂组合物将没有碳足迹。因此,容易地建立工业实用性,在于本发明具有超过现有技术的经济和实用优点。

Claims (2)

1.一种用于降解塑料的组合物,所述组合物包含:
A)预定量的塑料,所述塑料溶解到预定量的庚烷中直到所述塑料部分地溶解在所述庚烷中;
B)所述先前溶质的分子量的90%至100%的纤维素;
C)所述先前组合的分子量的45%至55%的甲基三氧化铼;
D)所述先前组合的分子量的10%至20%的丁羟甲苯;以及
E)所述先前组合的分子量的70%至80%的多酚氧化酶。
2.一种用于降解塑料的组合物,所述组合物基本上由以下各项组成:
A)预定量的塑料,所述塑料溶解到预定量的庚烷中直到所述塑料溶解在所述庚烷中;
B)所述先前溶质的分子量的90%至100%的纤维素;
C)所述先前组合的分子量的45%至55%的甲基三氧化铼;
D)所述先前组合的分子量的10%至20%的丁羟甲苯;以及
E)所述先前组合的分子量的70%至80%的多酚氧化酶。
CN201580077717.9A 2015-03-12 2015-03-12 用于降解塑料的组合物 Pending CN107406620A (zh)

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JP2018511309A (ja) 2018-04-26
BR112017018857A2 (pt) 2018-04-24
EP3268424A4 (en) 2018-07-18

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