CN107404263B - Load driving device, motor assembly and motor driving device - Google Patents
Load driving device, motor assembly and motor driving device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107404263B CN107404263B CN201610338556.0A CN201610338556A CN107404263B CN 107404263 B CN107404263 B CN 107404263B CN 201610338556 A CN201610338556 A CN 201610338556A CN 107404263 B CN107404263 B CN 107404263B
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Abstract
The invention provides a motor driving device, a motor assembly using the same and a load driving device. The motor driving device comprises a phase-locked control circuit, a trigger circuit and a bidirectional electronic switch, wherein the phase-locked control circuit is used for tracking the frequency and the phase of an alternating current power supply and sending a phase-locked rectangular wave string which is changed from low frequency to high frequency and has the same frequency and the same phase as the alternating current power supply to the trigger circuit, the trigger circuit triggers the bidirectional electronic switch to conduct a positive half-wave string of the power supply voltage when the phase-locked rectangular wave string is at a first level, the trigger circuit triggers the bidirectional electronic switch to conduct a negative half-wave string of the alternating current power supply voltage when the phase-locked rectangular wave string is at a second level, and the trigger circuit controls the bidirectional electronic switch to be fully electrified when the pulse width of the high level or the low level of the phase-locked rectangular wave string is smaller than. The motor driving device can ensure that the motor starts to rotate along the set direction when being electrified every time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of motor control, in particular to a motor driving device for driving a single-phase synchronous motor, a motor assembly applying the motor driving device and a load driving device.
Background
The stator armature magnetic field of the single-phase synchronous motor can be regarded as a pulsating magnetic field synthesized by two magnetic fields rotating in the positive and negative directions, and the dead point with the torque of 0 is generated when the magnetic pole of the rotor is started. The traditional starting method usually adopts an uneven air gap and an uneven magnetic circuit, so that the magnetic pole N can stop at a preset initial position when being static, namely 2-178 electrical angles or 182-358 electrical angles, so as to avoid a dead point with the starting stress of 0. However, when the power is turned on, the initial phase of the current is random, and the magnetic pole stress cannot be ensured to be in the designated rotating direction, so that the starting method has the problems of uncertain rotating direction, starting vibration, small starting torque, starting failure and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a motor driving device capable of controlling directional starting of a motor, and a motor assembly and a load driving device using the motor driving device.
A motor driving device is used for driving a permanent magnet rotor of a motor to rotate relative to a stator, the stator comprises a stator magnetic core and a stator winding wound on the stator magnetic core, the motor driving device comprises a phase-locked control circuit, a trigger circuit and a bidirectional electronic switch, wherein the phase-locked control circuit is used for tracking the frequency and the phase of an alternating current power supply, and sends a phase-locked rectangular wave string from low frequency to high frequency until the phase-locked rectangular wave string has the same frequency and phase as the alternating current power supply to the trigger circuit, when the phase-locked rectangular wave string is at the first level, the trigger circuit triggers the bidirectional electronic switch to conduct the positive half wave string of the alternating current power supply voltage, when the phase-locked rectangular wave string is in a second level, the trigger circuit triggers the bidirectional electronic switch to conduct a negative half wave string of the alternating-current power supply voltage, so that the stator winding only drags the rotor along the starting direction in the motor starting stage; when the pulse width of the high level or the low level of the phase-locked rectangular wave string is smaller than the power supply period, the trigger circuit controls the bidirectional electronic switch to be fully electrified.
Preferably, the first level is a high level, and the second level is a low level.
As a preferred scheme, the motor driving device further comprises a filtering and voltage stabilizing circuit, a resistor, a voltage stabilizing tube and a diode, wherein the alternating current power supply is connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube through the resistor, the anode of the voltage stabilizing tube is connected with the bidirectional electronic switch, the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube is connected with the filtering and voltage stabilizing circuit through the diode, and the filtering and voltage stabilizing circuit is used for processing the pulsating direct current voltage at the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube into stable direct current voltage and supplying the stable direct current voltage to the phase-locked control circuit and the trigger circuit.
As a preferable scheme, the motor driving device further comprises a shaping circuit, wherein the shaping circuit is used for shaping the pulsating direct current voltage of the cathode of the voltage regulator tube and providing positive or reverse synchronous rectangular working pulses with the same frequency and phase as the positive half wave or the negative half wave of the alternating current power supply to the phase-locked control circuit and the trigger circuit.
As a preferable scheme, the motor driving device further comprises a counting decoder, an input end of the counting decoder is connected with the shaping circuit, the counting decoder comprises first to third output ports, the first output port is connected with the trigger circuit, and the counting decoder is used for outputting a positioning signal for stopping the motor rotor at a specified position before the motor is started; the second output port is connected with the phase-locked control circuit and the trigger circuit and is used for outputting a starting signal required by starting the motor; and the third output port is connected with the trigger circuit and used for outputting an operation signal required by the normal operation of the motor.
Preferably, the trigger circuit sends out a positioning trigger pulse for stopping the motor rotor at the specified position when receiving a positioning signal for stopping the motor rotor at the specified position output by the first output port of the count decoder.
Preferably, the positioning trigger pulse is a positive half wave with more than 1 wave number or a negative half wave with more than 1 wave number.
As a preferable scheme, the driving device further comprises a steering control circuit which is connected with the phase-locked control circuit and the trigger circuit and controls the motor to rotate forwards or backwards.
As a preferable scheme, the steering control circuit includes a not gate and a first switch and a second switch, an input end of the not gate is connected to the shaping circuit, an output end of the not gate is connected to an input end of the not gate through the first switch and the second switch, and a connection node of the first switch and the second switch serves as an output end of the steering control circuit to output a positive or negative phase synchronous rectangular working pulse signal for controlling the motor to rotate forward and reverse to the phase-locked control circuit.
As a preferred scheme, the phase-locked control circuit includes a first and gate and a phase-locked circuit, a first input end of the first and gate is connected to an output end of the steering control circuit, a second input end of the first and gate is connected to a second output port of the counting decoder, an output end of the first and gate is connected to an input end of the phase-locked circuit, and an output end of the phase-locked circuit sends out the phase-locked rectangular wave string from the low frequency to the high frequency until the phase-locked rectangular wave string has the same frequency and phase as the alternating current power supply to the trigger circuit.
As a preferred scheme, the trigger circuit comprises a second and gate, a third and gate, an or gate, an exclusive nor gate and an amplification driving circuit; the first input end of the second AND gate is connected with the first output port of the counting decoder, the second input end of the second AND gate is connected with the output end of the shaping circuit, and the output end of the second AND gate is connected with the first input end of the OR gate; a second input end of the OR gate is connected with a third output port of the counting decoder; the first input end of the exclusive nor gate is connected with the output end of the first and gate, the second input end of the exclusive nor gate is connected with the output end of the phase-locked circuit, the output end of the exclusive nor gate is connected with the first input end of the third and gate, and the second input end of the third and gate is connected with the second output port of the counting decoder; the output end of the third AND gate is connected with the third input end of the OR gate; the output end of the OR gate is connected with the input end of the amplification driving circuit, and the output end of the amplification driving circuit is connected with the bidirectional electronic switch.
Preferably, the bidirectional electronic switch is a triac, a thyristor or a MOS switch element.
Preferably, the polarity of the first wave of the bidirectional electronic switch which is fully energized is opposite to the polarity of the previous wave of the bidirectional electronic switch which is fully energized.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a motor assembly, which comprises a motor and the motor driving device connected with the motor at two ends of an alternating current power supply in series, wherein the motor comprises a stator and a permanent magnet rotor capable of rotating relative to the stator, the stator comprises a stator magnetic core and a stator winding wound on the stator magnetic core, and the stator winding and the bidirectional electronic switch are connected at two ends of the alternating current power supply in series.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a load driving apparatus, including the motor assembly as described above and a load driven by the motor assembly.
Preferably, the load driving device further includes a clutch, and the motor assembly drives the load through the clutch.
Preferably, the clutch is a spring clutch, a centrifugal clutch, a friction clutch or an electromagnetic clutch.
The motor driving device provides a determined reversing mode of the half-wave direction and the half-wave string of the initial power supply when the rotor is started by using a phase-locked control mode, the motor can be started according to a specified direction and can be stably switched into synchronous rotation, and a motor assembly and a load driving device applying the motor driving device are simple in structure, small in vibration noise and long in service life.
Drawings
In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of a motor assembly and its driving load according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the motor of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of the motor driving apparatus of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a waveform diagram of a motor driving apparatus of fig. 1 controlling a starting process of a motor.
Description of the main elements
The following detailed description will further illustrate the invention in conjunction with the above-described figures.
Detailed Description
The technical solution and other advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the drawings are provided solely for the purposes of reference and illustration and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention. The connections shown in the drawings are for clarity of description only and are not limiting as to the manner of connection.
Referring to fig. 1, a motor assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes a motor 10 and a motor driving device 30 for controlling the directional start of the motor 10, wherein the motor driving device 30 and the motor 10 are connected in series to two ends of an ac power supply 60. The motor 10 may drive the load 50 directly or through a load linkage. In the present embodiment, the motor 10 is a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor, and in other embodiments, the motor 10 may be a single-phase excitation synchronous motor. In the present embodiment, the load connection mechanism is a clutch 40, and the clutch 40 may be a spring clutch, a centrifugal clutch, a friction clutch, or an electromagnetic clutch. In this embodiment, the load 50 is exemplified as a fan blade of a fan, and in other embodiments, the load 50 may be an impeller of a water pump or other equipment. Of course, if the moment of inertia of the load 50 is small, the load connection mechanism may not be provided and the motor 10 may directly drive the load 50 to operate.
Fig. 2 shows a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine according to an embodiment of the invention. The synchronous machine 10 comprises a stator and a rotor 14 rotatable relative to the stator. The stator includes a stator core 12 and a stator winding 16 wound around the stator core 12. The stator core 12 may be made of soft magnetic material such as pure iron, cast steel, electrical steel, silicon steel, ferrite, etc. The rotor 14 has permanent magnets and the rotor 14 operates at a constant speed of 60f/p turns/min during the steady state phase when the stator winding 16 is connected in series with the ac power source 60, where f is the frequency of said ac power source 60 and p is the number of pole pairs of the rotor 14.
The non-uniform air gap 18 between the poles of the stator and the poles of the rotor 14 allows the rotor 14 to be in a starting position at rest, i.e. with its pole axis R offset by an angle a relative to the pole axis S of the stator, to allow the rotor to have a starting torque per energisation of the motor 10 by the motor drive 30. In the present embodiment, the stator and the rotor each have two magnetic poles. It will be appreciated that in further embodiments, the number of poles of the stator and rotor may also be unequal, with further poles, e.g. four, six, etc.
In the present embodiment, the stator winding 16 of the motor and the motor drive device 30 are connected in series to both ends of the ac power supply 60. The motor drive 30 enables the motor to be activated in a fixed direction each time it is activated.
Referring to fig. 3, one implementation of the motor drive 30 is shown. In the present embodiment, the motor driving device 30 is a three-port Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) chip, and includes a housing 31, three terminals 1, 2, and 3 extending from the housing 31, and a driving Circuit packaged in the housing, wherein the driving Circuit is disposed on a semiconductor substrate and includes a filter voltage regulator Circuit 34, a phase lock control Circuit 32, a trigger Circuit 35, a counter decoder 33, a shaping Circuit 38, a steering control Circuit 39, and a bidirectional electronic switch 36 connected between the two terminals 1 and 2. The terminal 2 is connected with a zero line of an alternating current power supply 60, and the terminal 1 is connected with a live line of the alternating current power supply 60 through a stator winding 16 of the motor 10. The ac power source 60 may be a mains ac power source having a nominal frequency of, for example, 50 hz or 60 hz, and the nominal voltage may be 110 v, 220 v or 230 v, etc.
The terminal 3 is connected with a live wire of the alternating current power supply 60 and is also connected with a cathode of a voltage regulator tube Z1 through a resistor R1, an anode of the voltage regulator tube Z1 is connected with a zero line, and a cathode of the voltage regulator tube Z1 is connected with a filtering voltage stabilizing circuit 34 through a diode D1. The filter voltage stabilizing circuit 34 receives the pulsating direct current voltage at the cathode of the voltage regulator tube Z1 and processes the pulsating direct current voltage into a stable voltage (for example, 5V) with a voltage value between 3V and 18V commonly used by most chips or circuits, and provides the stable voltage to the phase-locked control circuit 32, the trigger circuit 35, the counter decoder 33, the shaping circuit 38, the steering control circuit 39 and the like as a direct current working power supply VCC.
The cathode of the voltage regulator tube Z1 is also connected with the shaping circuit 38, and the shaping circuit 38 is used for shaping the pulsating direct current voltage and providing synchronous rectangular working pulses with the same frequency and phase as the positive half wave of the alternating current power supply. The shaping circuit 38 is connected to the steering control circuit 39, the steering control circuit 39 includes a not gate 392 and two switches K1 and K2, an input end of the not gate 392 is connected to the shaping circuit 38, an output end of the not gate 392 is connected to the input end of the not gate 392 through switches K2 and K1, and a connection node of the switches K1 and K2 serves as an output end of the steering control circuit 39 to output a synchronous pulse signal for controlling the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the motor 10. In the embodiment, the switch K1 is a forward switch, and when the switch K1 is closed, the motor 10 is controlled to rotate forward; the switch K2 is a reverse switch, and when the switch K2 is closed, the motor 10 is controlled to reversely rotate. The two switches K1 and K2 may be linked with the power switch S1 (fig. 1), but are delayed from the closing of the power switch S1 by a certain time to turn on after the working power is stably established.
The input end of the counting decoder 33 is connected with the output of the shaping circuit 38, the counting decoder 33 comprises three output ports 1-3, and the output port 1 is used for outputting a positioning signal for stopping the motor rotor at a specified position before the motor is started; the output port 2 outputs a starting signal required by starting the motor; and the output port 3 outputs an operation signal required by normal operation of the motor at the right moment. In this embodiment, the positioning signal, the start signal and the operation signal are high-level active signals. The time interval of the output positioning signal, the starting signal and the running signal of the counting decoder 33 is set by decoding according to the starting running requirement of the motor. The starting time and the ending time of each signal are always coincident with the upper edge and the lower edge of the synchronous rectangular working pulse provided by the shaping circuit 38, so that the completeness of the conduction wave head can be ensured, and the vibration noise is reduced.
The output port 2 of the counting decoder 33 is connected to the phase-locked control circuit 32, the phase-locked control circuit 32 includes a phase-locked circuit 322 and an and gate 324, a first input terminal of the and gate 324 is connected to the output terminal of the steering control circuit 39 to receive the working pulse, a second input terminal of the and gate 324 is connected to the output port 2 of the counting decoder 33, an output terminal of the and gate 324 is connected to the input terminal of the phase-locked circuit 322, the phase-locked circuit 322 is configured to track the frequency and phase of the ac power supply, and send a phase-locked rectangular wave string from a low frequency to a high frequency to the same frequency and phase as the ac power supply to the trigger circuit 35.
The trigger circuit 35 includes and gates 352 and 353, an or gate 354, an xor gate 356, and an amplification driving circuit 355. A first input terminal of the and gate 352 is connected to the output port 1 of the count decoder 33, a second input terminal of the and gate 352 is connected to the output terminal of the shaping circuit 38, and an output terminal of the and gate 352 is connected to a first input terminal of the or gate 354. A second input of the or gate 354 is connected to the output port 3 of the count decoder 33.
A first input end a of the xor gate 356 is connected to the output end of the and gate 324, a second input end B of the xor gate 356 is connected to the output end of the phase-locked circuit 322, an output end C of the xor gate 356 is connected to the first input end of the and gate 353, and a second input end of the and gate 353 is connected to the output port 2 of the counting decoder 33. The output of the and gate 353 is connected to a third input of the or gate 354. The output terminal of the or gate 354 is connected to the input terminal of the amplification driving circuit 355, and the output terminal of the amplification driving circuit 355 is connected to the bidirectional electronic switch 36. The bidirectional electronic switch 36 may be a TRIAC (TRIAC), a thyristor (SCR), or a MOS switch element, and the trigger circuit 35 controls the on and off of the bidirectional electronic switch 36 according to a predetermined manner. In the present embodiment, the bidirectional electronic switch 36 is a triac, two anodes of which are connected to the two terminals 1 and 2, respectively, and a control electrode of which is connected to the trigger circuit 35.
The trigger circuit 35 controls the bidirectional electronic switch 36 to switch between the on and off states of the positive half-wave or the negative half-wave in a predetermined manner, so that the stator winding 16 drags the rotor 14 to rotate only along the set starting direction during the starting phase of the motor.
Referring to fig. 4, the control principle of the motor driving device 30 will now be described. In the present embodiment, the motor 10 is illustrated as a positive rotation example, when the motor is started, the positive rotation switch K1 and the power switch S1 linked with the positive rotation switch K1 are closed, the ac power supply 60 outputs a voltage whose magnitude and direction change according to a sinusoidal rule with time, as shown in the ac power waveform in fig. 4, the ac power voltage is reduced by the resistor R1 and stabilized by the voltage regulator tube Z1 to obtain a pulsating dc voltage synchronized with the positive half-wave of the ac power supply, the pulsating dc voltage provides the dc working power VCC required by the driving device 30 after passing through the diode D1 and the filter voltage regulator circuit 34, and further provides a rectangular working pulse synchronized with the positive half-wave of the ac power supply after passing through the shaping circuit 38. For the sake of convenience of explanation, the output port 1 of the counting decoder 33 outputs a positioning signal for stopping the motor rotor at a specified position, and the output signals of the three output ports 1-3 of the counting decoder 33 are drawn on a waveform, please refer to the output waveform of the counting decoder in fig. 4. The working pulse is output to the and gate 352 through the closed switch K1, and is subjected to and logic operation with the positioning signal through the and gate 352, and is output through the or gate 354 and the amplification driving circuit 355, so as to control the bidirectional electronic switch 36 to conduct the positive half wave string of the power supply voltage, such as the motor voltage waveform corresponding to the positioning signal in fig. 4, and perform positioning and resetting of the rotor for a certain time. After the rotor is reset, the rotor is stopped at the pre-starting position, and dead points with the starting stress of 0 can be avoided, so that the motor can be started normally.
After the rotor is reset, the output port 2 of the counting decoder 33 outputs a start signal required for starting the motor, the start signal and the working pulse are input to the phase-locked circuit 322 after being operated by the and gate 324, and the phase-locked circuit 322 outputs a phase-locked rectangular wave string which is changed from a low frequency to a high frequency until the phase-locked rectangular wave string has the same frequency and phase as the alternating current power supply, such as the output waveform of the phase-locked circuit in fig. 4. The output of the phase-locked circuit 322 and the output of the working pulse and the start signal after being operated by the and gate 324 are provided to the xor gate 356, and then the trigger pulses for alternately conducting the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string of the ac power supply required by the bidirectional electronic switch 36 are provided by the and gate 353, the or gate 354 and the amplification driving circuit 355. Specifically, the trigger circuit 35 controls the on/off state of the bidirectional electronic switch 36 through the xor gate operation according to the phase-locked rectangular wave string sent by the phase-locked control circuit 32 when the pulse width of the high level or the low level is greater than the power supply period, so that the voltage applied to the motor 10 is a positive half-wave string, a forward current flows through the stator winding 16 to drive the rotor 14 to start rotating in the clockwise direction, then the phase-locked rectangular wave string becomes a low level, the low level triggers the bidirectional electronic switch 36 through the xor gate 356 operation to make the voltage applied to the motor 10 a negative half-wave string, a reverse current flows through the stator winding 16, at this time, the rotor magnetic pole starts rotating and accelerating with the forward stator rotating magnetic field from a predetermined position, and the on/off state of the bidirectional electronic switch 36 is controlled according to this principle at the start-up stage of the motor 10. When the pulse width of the phase-locked rectangular wave string sent by the phase-locked control circuit 322 is less than the power supply period, and the rotor speed exceeds a half of a synchronous speed, the port 3 of the counting decoder 33 outputs an operation signal (high level) required by the normal operation of the motor to the or gate 354, and the operation signal is amplified by the amplification driving circuit 355 to drive the bidirectional electronic switch 36 to be fully energized. That is, the trigger circuit 35 controls the bidirectional electronic switch 36 to be fully energized, so that the voltage applied to the motor 10 is an ac power supply voltage, and the rotor speed is directly pulled into a synchronous speed that is the same as the normal rotating magnetic field direction of the stator winding 16 and the rotating speed. After the bi-directional electronic switch 36 is fully energized, the polarity of the first wave applied to the motor 10 is opposite to the polarity of the previous wave after full energization, i.e., if the polarity of the previous wave before full energization of the bi-directional electronic switch 36 is a negative half-wave, the polarity of the first wave after full energization is a positive half-wave, and vice versa.
In the above process, the trigger circuit 35 effectively controls the on and off of the bidirectional electronic switch 36 in real time, and controls the polarity of the alternating current loaded into the stator winding 16 of the motor, so that the stator magnetic field in the motor always drives the rotor 14 to rotate only in one direction, thereby realizing the directional starting of the rotor.
When the motor 10 needs to be started in a reverse rotation mode, the reverse switch K2 is linked with the power switch S1, and at this time, the working pulse of the positive half-wave output by the shaping circuit 38 is inverted by the not gate 392, and a rectangular working pulse with the same frequency and phase as the negative half-wave of the alternating-current power supply is output. Then, the trigger circuit 35 controls the on-off state of the bidirectional electronic switch 36 when the pulse width of the phase-locked rectangular wave string sent by the phase-locked control circuit 32 at the high level or the low level of the rectangular wave string is greater than the power supply cycle through the processing of the phase-locked control circuit 32 and the trigger circuit 35, so that the voltage applied to the motor 10 is a negative half-wave string, the reverse current flows through the stator winding 16 to drive the rotor 14 to start in the counterclockwise direction, the low level of the phase-locked rectangular wave string triggers the bidirectional electronic switch 36 through the exclusive-or gate operation to make the voltage applied to the motor 10 be a positive half-wave string, the forward current flows through the stator winding 16, and at the moment, the rotor magnetic pole starts to rotate and accelerate from the pre-positioning state along with the reverse stator rotating magnetic field. When the pulse width of the phase-locked rectangular wave string sent by the phase-locked circuit 322 is less than the power supply period, the output port 3 of the counting decoder 33 outputs the operation signal (high level) required by the normal operation of the motor to the or gate 354, and the operation signal is amplified by the amplifying driving circuit 355 to drive the bidirectional electronic switch 36 to be fully energized, so as to complete the reverse direction, i.e. the counterclockwise starting and the synchronous speed operation of the motor.
In the present embodiment, the motor starts up, the number decoder 33 sends out the positioning signal, and the trigger circuit 35 sends out 1 or more positive half waves of wave number to stop the N pole of the motor rotor at the designated position. In other embodiments, the positioning trigger pulse may be a negative half-wave, and further, in other embodiments, the positioning trigger pulse may be sent both at the start and at the stop. Furthermore, a positioning permanent magnet may be mounted on the stator of the motor 10 to help the N pole of the rotor stop at a designated position, so that the counting decoder 33 may not send a positioning signal when the motor 10 is started, and the and gate 352 may not be provided in the driving device 30. When the motor only needs to rotate in one direction, the steering control circuit 39 may not be provided in the motor driving device 30, and the synchronous working pulse provided by the shaping circuit 38 is directly provided to the phase-locked control circuit 32 and the trigger circuit 35.
To sum up, after being controlled by the phase-locked control circuit 32 and the trigger circuit 35, the voltage electrified in the stator winding 16 is a positive half-wave when the rotor is started initially, and the rotor is started in a predetermined clockwise direction, or the voltage electrified in the stator winding 16 is a negative half-wave when the rotor is started initially, and the rotor is started in a predetermined counterclockwise direction, so that the problems of uncertain rotor rotation direction, starting vibration and starting failure cannot occur.
The motor driving device 30 may be provided with a heat sink to dissipate heat of the motor driving device 30, and the terminals 1, 2, and 3 of the motor driving device 30 may be 3 connector terminals, which may be plugs or connector screws, or may be connected to the motor 10 and the ac power supply 60 by welding.
The motor driving device 30 according to the present embodiment provides a determined power supply half-wave direction and half-wave string commutation manner in which the bidirectional electronic switch 36 is turned on at the start of rotor starting, so that the motor can be started in a specific direction and can be smoothly rotated to a synchronous rotational speed. The motor driving device 30 does not need a position sensor or a microprocessor, and the driving circuit of the motor is completely packaged in an integrated circuit, for example, an ASIC chip is used for realizing, so that the installation of the circuit is convenient, the circuit size is reduced, the circuit cost is reduced, and the reliability of the circuit is improved. In addition, the motor does not use a printed circuit board, and only the motor driving device 30 needs to be fixed in a proper position and then connected with the winding of the motor and the alternating current power supply 60 through a lead.
Referring to fig. 1 again, the starting load torque and the rotational inertia of the motor assembly load are large, and the torque fluctuation of the synchronous motor may cause the synchronization failure, so that the clutch 40 is adopted to connect the load 50, when the motor 10 is started, the motor 10 is started with a light load, and when the motor rotor 14 reaches a certain rotating speed, the clutch 40 is used to drive the load to start, thereby solving the problem that the starting fails because the output torque is not enough to drive the load at the initial starting stage of the motor 10. If the starting load torque and the moment of inertia of the load are small, the motor 10 can also directly drive the load to start and operate. By adopting the driving mode of the invention, the closing force of the clutch is far greater than that of the clutch at a low speed when the clutch operates at a high speed, and a motor is allowed to have a longer starting process.
For loads such as a fan and a water pump, the load torque is small at low speed, and the direct drive or the simple spring clutch drive can be adopted.
The invention solves the problems of directional starting and load carrying of the synchronous motor, and has the advantages of simple structure, low vibration noise and long service life.
In another embodiment, all or part of the filter regulator circuit 34, the phase-lock control circuit 32, the trigger circuit 35, the counter decoder 33, and the shaping circuit 38 may be integrated into an integrated circuit as appropriate, for example, only the phase-lock control circuit 32, the trigger circuit 35, and the bidirectional electronic switch 36 may be integrated into the integrated circuit, and other circuits such as the filter regulator circuit 34 may be provided outside the integrated circuit.
For example, the filter voltage regulator circuit 34, the resistor R1, the voltage regulator tube Z1, the diode D1, and the bidirectional electronic switch 36 may be disposed outside the integrated circuit, and the half-wave shaping circuit 38, the counter decoder 33, the phase-lock control circuit 32, and the trigger circuit 35 may be integrated in the integrated circuit. It is also possible to integrate the low power part in an integrated circuit and to place the step-down circuit (such as resistor R1 and zener Z1) and the bidirectional electronic switch 36 as the high power part outside the integrated circuit. For another example, all the discrete components of the driving circuit of the motor driving device 30 may be disposed on the printed circuit board according to design requirements.
The phase-locked control circuit 32 in the embodiment of the present invention is configured to track the frequency and phase of the ac power source, and send a phase-locked rectangular wave string from a low frequency to a high frequency to the same frequency and phase as the ac power source to the trigger circuit 35, where the trigger circuit 35 controls the bidirectional electronic switch 36 to switch between on and off in a predetermined manner according to the level of the phase-locked rectangular wave string before the pulse width of the high level or the low level of the phase-locked rectangular wave string is smaller than the power source cycle, and when the pulse width of the high level or the low level of the phase-locked rectangular wave string is smaller than the power source cycle, the trigger circuit 35 controls the bidirectional electronic switch 36 to be fully energized, so as to ensure that the motor starts to rotate in a fixed direction when being energized each time. In the application of fluid driving devices such as a fan, a range hood and the like, and a water pump, such as a circulating pump, a drainage pump and the like, the impeller/fan driven by the rotor can be allowed to adopt bent blades, so that the efficiency of the fan and the water pump is improved.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all the equivalent structures or equivalent flow transformations made by the present specification and the attached drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, and the MCU, the FPGA, or the inverse logic circuit used to implement the control concept are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. A motor driving device is used for driving a permanent magnet rotor of a motor to rotate relative to a stator, the stator comprises a stator magnetic core and a stator winding wound on the stator magnetic core, the motor driving device comprises a phase-locked control circuit, a trigger circuit and a bidirectional electronic switch, wherein the phase-locked control circuit is used for tracking the frequency and the phase of an alternating current power supply, and sends a phase-locked rectangular wave string from low frequency to high frequency until the phase-locked rectangular wave string has the same frequency and phase as the alternating current power supply to the trigger circuit, when the phase-locked rectangular wave string is at the first level, the trigger circuit triggers the bidirectional electronic switch to conduct the positive half wave string of the alternating current power supply voltage, when the phase-locked rectangular wave string is in a second level, the trigger circuit triggers the bidirectional electronic switch to conduct a negative half wave string of the alternating-current power supply voltage, so that the stator winding only drags the rotor along the starting direction in the motor starting stage; when the pulse width of the high level or the low level of the phase-locked rectangular wave string is smaller than the power supply period, the trigger circuit controls the bidirectional electronic switch to be fully electrified.
2. The motor drive apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first level is a high level, and the second level is a low level.
3. The motor driving device according to claim 2, further comprising a filter voltage stabilizing circuit, a resistor, a voltage regulator tube and a diode, wherein the ac power supply is connected to a cathode of the voltage regulator tube through the resistor, an anode of the voltage regulator tube is connected to the bidirectional electronic switch, a cathode of the voltage regulator tube is connected to the filter voltage stabilizing circuit through the diode, and the filter voltage stabilizing circuit is configured to process a pulsating dc voltage at the cathode of the voltage regulator tube into a stable dc voltage and provide the stable dc voltage to the phase-locked control circuit and the trigger circuit.
4. The motor driving device according to claim 3, further comprising a shaping circuit for shaping the pulsating dc voltage at the cathode of the regulator tube and providing positive or negative synchronous rectangular working pulses having the same frequency and phase as the positive half-wave or the negative half-wave of the ac power to the phase-locked control circuit and the trigger circuit.
5. The motor driving device according to claim 4, wherein the motor driving device further comprises a count decoder, an input terminal of the count decoder is connected to the shaping circuit, the count decoder comprises first to third output ports, and the first output port is connected to the trigger circuit and is configured to output a positioning signal for stopping the motor rotor at a specified position before the motor is started; the second output port is connected with the phase-locked control circuit and the trigger circuit and is used for outputting a starting signal required by starting the motor; and the third output port is connected with the trigger circuit and used for outputting an operation signal required by the normal operation of the motor.
6. The motor driving device according to claim 5, wherein the trigger circuit issues a positioning trigger pulse for stopping the motor rotor at the specified position upon receiving a positioning signal for stopping the motor rotor at the specified position output from the first output port of the count decoder.
7. The motor drive device according to claim 6, wherein the positioning trigger pulse is a positive half-wave of 1 or more wave numbers or a negative half-wave of 1 or more wave numbers.
8. The motor driving apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein said driving apparatus further comprises a steering control circuit connected to said phase-lock control circuit and said trigger circuit for controlling the forward or reverse rotation of the motor.
9. The motor driving device according to claim 8, wherein the steering control circuit includes a not gate and first and second switches, an input terminal of the not gate is connected to the shaping circuit, an output terminal of the not gate is connected to an input terminal of the not gate through the first and second switches, and a connection node of the first and second switches serves as an output terminal of the steering control circuit to output a positive or negative phase synchronous rectangular operation pulse signal for controlling the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the motor to the phase lock control circuit.
10. The motor driving device according to claim 9, wherein the phase-locked control circuit includes a first and gate and a phase-locked circuit, a first input terminal of the first and gate is connected to the output terminal of the steering control circuit, a second input terminal of the first and gate is connected to the second output port of the counting decoder, an output terminal of the first and gate is connected to an input terminal of the phase-locked circuit, and an output terminal of the phase-locked circuit transmits the phase-locked rectangular wave string from the low frequency to the high frequency until the same frequency and phase as the ac power supply are the same to the trigger circuit.
11. The motor drive apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the trigger circuit includes a second and gate, a third and gate, an or gate, an exclusive nor gate, and an amplification drive circuit; the first input end of the second AND gate is connected with the first output port of the counting decoder, the second input end of the second AND gate is connected with the output end of the shaping circuit, and the output end of the second AND gate is connected with the first input end of the OR gate; a second input end of the OR gate is connected with a third output port of the counting decoder; the first input end of the exclusive nor gate is connected with the output end of the first and gate, the second input end of the exclusive nor gate is connected with the output end of the phase-locked circuit, the output end of the exclusive nor gate is connected with the first input end of the third and gate, and the second input end of the third and gate is connected with the second output port of the counting decoder; the output end of the third AND gate is connected with the third input end of the OR gate; the output end of the OR gate is connected with the input end of the amplification driving circuit, and the output end of the amplification driving circuit is connected with the bidirectional electronic switch.
12. The motor drive of claim 11 wherein said bidirectional electronic switch is a triac, thyristor or MOS switch element.
13. The motor drive of claim 1 wherein the polarity of the first wave of the fully energized bidirectional electronic switch is opposite the polarity of the previous wave of the fully energized bidirectional electronic switch.
14. A motor assembly comprising a motor and a motor drive apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13 connected in series with the motor at both ends of an ac power source, the motor comprising a stator and a permanent magnet rotor rotatable relative to the stator, the stator comprising a stator core and a stator winding wound around the stator core, the stator winding being connected in series with the bidirectional electronic switch at both ends of the ac power source.
15. A load driving apparatus comprising a motor assembly as claimed in claim 14 and a load driven by the motor assembly.
16. The load driving apparatus of claim 15, wherein the load driving apparatus further comprises a clutch, and the motor assembly drives the load through the clutch.
17. The load driving apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the clutch is a spring clutch, a centrifugal clutch, a friction clutch or an electromagnetic clutch.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610338556.0A CN107404263B (en) | 2016-05-18 | 2016-05-18 | Load driving device, motor assembly and motor driving device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610338556.0A CN107404263B (en) | 2016-05-18 | 2016-05-18 | Load driving device, motor assembly and motor driving device |
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| CN107404263A CN107404263A (en) | 2017-11-28 |
| CN107404263B true CN107404263B (en) | 2021-03-16 |
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| CN107786126B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2021-03-23 | 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 | Motor start control circuit, motor assembly and load driving device |
| CN107786127B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2021-09-07 | 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 | Motor driving method and system |
| CN110350834B (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-15 | 深圳和而泰智能控制股份有限公司 | Motor control method and device |
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| CN107404263A (en) | 2017-11-28 |
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