CN107786127B - Motor driving method and system - Google Patents
Motor driving method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107786127B CN107786127B CN201610741882.6A CN201610741882A CN107786127B CN 107786127 B CN107786127 B CN 107786127B CN 201610741882 A CN201610741882 A CN 201610741882A CN 107786127 B CN107786127 B CN 107786127B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/46—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor
- H02P1/465—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor for starting an individual single-phase synchronous motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/04—Single phase motors, e.g. capacitor motors
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- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
- Motor And Converter Starters (AREA)
Abstract
When a single-phase synchronous motor needs to be started, a positive half-wave string or a negative half-wave string of an alternating current power supply with a specified wave number rule is output to the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the direction of a rotor subjected to magnetic field torque can be controlled, the single-phase synchronous motor is started in a forward direction or a reverse direction, and the problem that the rotating direction of the single-phase synchronous motor is uncertain during starting can be solved; further, the wave head number of the positive/negative half wave string is gradually reduced, the rotating speed of the stator magnetic field is also gradually accelerated, when the wave head number of the positive/negative half wave string is reduced to a preset value, the alternating current power supply is connected to the single-phase synchronous motor, and finally full energization is realized, so that the single-phase synchronous motor stably enters synchronous speed operation.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to electronic technologies, and in particular, to a method and a system for driving a motor.
Background
The single-phase synchronous motor has the advantages of small volume, light weight, high efficiency, low energy consumption, simple structure, reliable work, convenient maintenance and the like, can meet the development requirements of small size, light weight and high output power of the motor, and is increasingly applied to household appliances, electric tools, medical instruments and light-duty equipment.
When a stator winding of a single-phase synchronous motor is connected with an alternating power supply, a pulsating magnetic field consistent with voltage frequency can be generated, according to the theory of double rotating magnetic fields, the pulsating magnetic field can be decomposed into a positive rotating magnetic field and a negative rotating magnetic field with the same rotating speed and the opposite direction, the amplitudes of the two rotating magnetic fields are respectively half of the amplitude of the pulsating magnetic field, when a rotor magnetic pole is opposite to a stator magnetic pole and is static, the two rotating magnetic fields can generate two synchronous speed torques with the same magnitude and the opposite direction in a rotor, so that the synthetic torque is 0, the rotor cannot rotate automatically, namely, the single-phase synchronous motor cannot be started automatically.
In the prior art, an uneven air gap is usually arranged between a stator winding and a rotor winding of a single-phase synchronous motor, so that a rotor magnetic pole is stopped at a pre-starting position, and the resultant torque generated by two rotating magnetic fields to a rotor is not 0, so that the rotor can automatically rotate when the single-phase synchronous motor is electrified, and the single-phase synchronous motor is automatically started when the single-phase synchronous motor is electrified.
However, since the starting phase of the moving magnetic field is random when the power is turned on, the direction of the resultant torque applied to the rotor cannot be determined, and the rotor may rotate clockwise or counterclockwise during starting, and the existence of the rotor often cannot enter synchronization within one ac power cycle, the single-phase synchronous motor adopting the prior art has the problems of uncertain rotating direction, failed starting and vibration noise during starting.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide a method and a system for driving a motor, so as to solve the problems of an unstable rotation direction, a large vibration noise, and a step-out caused by a high power supply start frequency when a single-phase synchronous motor is started.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are as follows:
a driving method of a motor for controlling starting of a synchronous motor, comprising:
when the motor is started, outputting a positive half-wave string or a negative half-wave string of an alternating current power supply with a specified wave number rule to the single-phase synchronous motor to electrify and start the single-phase synchronous motor;
and when the wave head number of the positive/negative half wave string is reduced to a preset value, the alternating current power supply is switched on for the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is fully electrified.
Preferably, the outputting the positive half-wave string or the negative half-wave string of the ac power supply with the specified wave number rule to the single-phase synchronous motor includes:
alternately outputting the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string to the single-phase synchronous motor, and gradually reducing the wave head number of the alternately output positive half wave string and negative half wave string in the process of alternately outputting the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string.
Preferably, the gradually decreasing the number of wave heads of the positive half wave train and the negative half wave train which are alternately output includes:
and controlling the wave head numbers of the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string to decrease in an equal difference or a non-equal difference mode.
Preferably, when the number of wave heads of the positive/negative half wave train decreases to a predetermined value, the ac power supply is turned on for the single-phase synchronous motor to fully energize the single-phase synchronous motor, including:
and when the wave head number of the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string is reduced to 1, the alternating current power supply is switched on for the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is fully electrified and enters a synchronous running state.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
before the single-phase synchronous motor is started, a plurality of positioning wave head strings for positioning are provided for the single-phase synchronous motor, and the positioning wave head strings are used for enabling a rotor of the single-phase synchronous motor to stop at a starting preset position according to a specified magnetic pole.
Preferably, the positioning wave head string is a positive wave head string or a negative wave head string.
The present invention also provides a driving system of a motor for controlling the start of a synchronous motor, comprising:
the power-on starting module is used for outputting a positive half-wave string or a negative half-wave string of an alternating current power supply with a specified wave number rule to the single-phase synchronous motor when the motor is started, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is powered on and started;
and the full-electrifying module is used for switching on the alternating current power supply for the single-phase synchronous motor when the wave head number of the positive/negative half wave string is reduced to a preset value, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is fully electrified.
Preferably, the power-on starting module is specifically configured to:
alternately outputting the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string to the single-phase synchronous motor, and gradually reducing the wave head number of the alternately output positive half wave string and negative half wave string in the process of alternately outputting the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string.
Preferably, the energization starting module controls the wave head numbers of the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string to decrease in an equidifferent or non-equidifferent manner.
Preferably, the all-pass module is specifically configured to:
and when the wave head number of the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string is reduced to 1, the alternating current power supply is switched on for the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is fully electrified and enters a synchronous running state.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
the positioning module is used for providing a plurality of positioning wave head strings for positioning for the single-phase synchronous motor before the single-phase synchronous motor is started, and the positioning wave head strings are used for enabling a rotor of the single-phase synchronous motor to stop at a starting preset position according to a specified magnetic pole.
Preferably, the positioning wave head string is a positive wave head string or a negative wave head string.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the application has the advantages that when the single-phase synchronous motor needs to be started, the positive half-wave string or the negative half-wave string of the alternating current power supply with the specified wave number rule is output to the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the direction of the rotor subjected to the magnetic field torque can be controlled, the single-phase synchronous motor is started in the positive direction or the reverse direction, and the problem that the rotating direction of the single-phase synchronous motor is not determined when the single-phase synchronous motor is started can be solved; further, the wave head number of the positive/negative half wave string is gradually reduced, the rotating speed of the stator magnetic field is also gradually accelerated, when the wave head number of the positive/negative half wave string is reduced to a preset value, the alternating current power supply is connected to the single-phase synchronous motor, and finally full energization is realized, so that the single-phase synchronous motor stably enters synchronous speed operation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1a and fig. 1b are schematic structural diagrams of a motor driving apparatus of a single-phase synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a driving method of a motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of another driving method for a motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving system of a motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving system of another motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1a and fig. 1b are schematic structural diagrams of an on-load system of a single-phase synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1a and fig. 1b, a motor driving system of a single-phase synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present application is configured to implement positioning, starting, and operation control of the single-phase synchronous motor, and includes:
the motor driving system 1 is configured to perform wave head number control on an ac voltage output from an ac power supply to the single-phase synchronous motor, to form a voltage including a positive half-wave string and a negative half-wave string that are alternately changed and the wave head number of the voltage is gradually reduced, and then output the positive half-wave string or the negative half-wave string to the single-phase synchronous motor 10, to control positioning and starting of the single-phase synchronous motor 10, and after the single-phase synchronous motor 10 is started, alternately output the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string to the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the motor enters synchronous operation.
In the embodiment of the present application, an ac power source is used to supply power to the single-phase synchronous motor, which is a single-phase permanent magnet (or field) synchronous motor, and uses a non-uniform magnetic circuit (such as an additional slot, an additional pole, an additional hole, etc.) of a stator and a rotor core to stop a magnetic pole of a rotor of the motor at a predetermined start position, fig. 1a is a wiring diagram of connecting a motor driving system to an upper portion of the single-phase synchronous motor, and fig. 1b is a wiring diagram of connecting the motor driving system to a lower portion of the single-phase synchronous motor.
In fig. 1a and 1b, a clutch 40 is further disposed between the single-phase synchronous motor 10 and the load 50, the clutch 40 is used for driving the load 50 to start after the rotation speed of the rotor of the single-phase synchronous motor 10 approaches synchronization, and if the load starting torque and the rotational inertia are small, the clutch may not be used, and the load 50 is directly driven by the motor 10 to start. In the present embodiment, the clutch 40 may be a spring clutch, a centrifugal clutch, a friction clutch, or an electromagnetic clutch. In this embodiment, the load 50 is exemplified as a fan blade of a fan, and in other embodiments, the load 50 may be an impeller of a water pump or other equipment.
The motor drive system 1 may be fixed inside or outside the housing of the single-phase synchronous motor by fixing means such as clips, screws, and the like.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention. The single-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine 10 includes a stator and a rotor 14 rotatable relative to the stator. The stator includes a stator core 12 and a stator winding 16 wound around the stator core 12. The stator core 12 may be made of soft magnetic materials such as pure iron, cast steel, electrical steel, silicon steel sheet, ferrite, and the like. The rotor 14 has permanent magnets and the rotor 14 operates at constant speed in a steady state phase at a synchronous speed of 60f/p turns/minute with the stator winding 16 connected in series with an ac power source, where f is the frequency of the ac power source and p is the number of pole pairs of the rotor.
There is a non-uniform air gap 18 between the poles of the stator and the poles of the rotor 14 so that the rotor 14 has its pole axis R offset at an angle a relative to the pole axis S of the stator when at rest to allow the rotor to have a starting torque each time the single phase permanent magnet synchronous machine 10 is energized by the motor drive system. In the present embodiment, the stator and the rotor each have two magnetic poles. It will be appreciated that in further embodiments, the number of poles of the stator and rotor may also be unequal, with further poles, e.g. four, six, etc.
In the present embodiment, the stator winding 16 of the single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 10 and the motor drive system are connected in series to both ends of the ac power supply. The motor driving system 1 can enable the single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 10 to realize initial positioning of a motor rotor and gradual accelerated starting of a stator magnetic field along a fixed direction until the single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor is synchronized to run at a synchronous speed.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a driving method of a motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 3, a driving method of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application, for controlling starting of a synchronous motor, includes:
s101: when the motor is started, outputting a positive half-wave string or a negative half-wave string of an alternating current power supply with a specified wave number rule to the single-phase synchronous motor to electrify and start the single-phase synchronous motor;
in the embodiment of the application, the alternating current power supply is used for supplying power to the single-phase synchronous motor, the scheme performs wave head number control on the alternating current voltage output by the alternating current power supply to the single-phase synchronous motor to form a voltage comprising a positive half-wave string and a negative half-wave string which are alternately changed, and then outputs the positive half-wave string or the negative half-wave string to the single-phase synchronous motor to control the positive or reverse starting of the single-phase synchronous motor.
The positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string can form a one-way pulsating voltage by carrying out amplitude limiting rectification on an alternating current power supply, then carry out voltage stabilizing filtering and shaping on the one-way pulsating voltage to generate a rectangular working pulse synchronous with the positive half-wave of the alternating current power supply, and then generate the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string according to the rectangular working pulse, wherein the wave head number of the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string can be counted by adopting a preset wave head algorithm.
Outputting a positive half-wave string or a negative half-wave string of an alternating current power supply with a specified wave number rule to a single-phase synchronous motor, namely alternately outputting the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string of the alternating current power supply to the single-phase synchronous motor, and gradually reducing the wave head number of the alternately output positive half-wave string and negative half-wave string in the process of alternately outputting the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string, for example, controlling the wave head number of the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string to gradually decrease with equal difference or unequal difference.
S102: and when the wave head number of the positive/negative half wave string is reduced to a preset value, the alternating current power supply is switched on for the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is fully electrified.
In the embodiment of the present application, after the single-phase synchronous motor is started, the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string, the number of wave heads of which is gradually reduced, are alternately output to the single-phase synchronous motor until the number of wave heads of the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string is reduced to a predetermined value, the alternating current power supply is switched on for the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is fully electrified, and the motor enters into synchronous operation.
Preferably, when the number of wave heads of the positive/negative half wave train decreases to a predetermined value, the ac power supply is turned on for the single-phase synchronous motor to fully energize the single-phase synchronous motor, including: and when the wave head number of the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string is reduced to 1, the alternating current power supply is switched on for the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is fully electrified and enters a synchronous running state.
When solving the problem that the rotation direction is not constant, the embodiment of the application adopts the scheme of providing the determined initial half-wave direction when the power supply is switched on, and in order to further realize the control of the starting direction, the embodiment of the application also determines the magnetic pole position of the rotor when the rotor is started, and the scheme is as follows:
fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of another driving method of a motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 4, a driving method of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application is used for controlling starting of a synchronous motor.
S201: before the single-phase synchronous motor is started, a plurality of positioning wave head strings for positioning are provided for the single-phase synchronous motor, and the positioning wave head strings are used for enabling a rotor of the single-phase synchronous motor to stop at a starting preset position according to a specified magnetic pole.
In the embodiment of the application, in order to stop the designated magnetic pole of the rotor at the preset position, before the single-phase synchronous motor is started, a positioning wave head string can be output to the single-phase synchronous motor, and the positioning wave head string is used for stopping the rotor of the single-phase synchronous motor at the preset position; the device may also be set to a designated half-wave off when de-energized to stop the rotor at the desired position. Preferably, the positioning wave head string is a positive wave head string or a negative wave head string, and the time occupied by the positioning wave head string and the positioning interval time are 0.5-5 times of the mechanical time constant of the motor rotor.
Such as: firstly, the voltage applied to the motor by the alternating current power supply is controlled to be a certain number of positive wave head strings, so that the N pole of the rotor magnetic pole of the synchronous motor points to a determined armature magnetic pole, at the moment, the positioning current and the moment of the motor can be controlled by controlling the wave head number and the wave head conduction angle of the positive wave head strings, then the power is cut off, the power cut time is about 0.5-5 times of the mechanical time constant of the rotor, and the N pole of the rotor returns to the preset position under the action of the static positioning moment.
It can be understood that if the motor adopts the positive wave head string to position the preset position of the rotor when the motor stops rotating, the positive wave head string is sent out firstly when the starting is started, and the motor can be started and operated in the positive direction; if the motor adopts a negative wave head string to position the preset position of the rotor when the motor stops rotating, a negative half-wave string is sent out firstly when starting, and the motor can be started and operated in a positive direction; if the motor adopts the positive wave head string to position the preset position of the rotor when stopping rotating, the negative wave head string is sent out firstly when starting, and the motor can be started reversely and run; if the motor adopts the negative wave head string to position the preset position of the rotor when the motor stops rotating, the positive half-wave string is sent out firstly when the starting is started, and the motor can be started reversely and run. Therefore, the positioning wave head string and the positive half-wave string or the negative half-wave string emitted when the motor is started can be set as required.
S202: when the motor is started, the positive half-wave string or the negative half-wave string of the alternating current power supply with the specified wave number rule is output to the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is electrified and started.
In the embodiment of the application, the alternating current power supply is used for supplying power to the single-phase synchronous motor, the scheme performs wave head number control on the alternating current voltage output by the alternating current power supply to the single-phase synchronous motor to form a voltage comprising a positive half-wave string and a negative half-wave string which are alternately changed, and then outputs the positive half-wave string or the negative half-wave string to the single-phase synchronous motor to control the positive or reverse starting of the single-phase synchronous motor.
The positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string can form a one-way pulsating voltage by carrying out amplitude limiting rectification on an alternating current power supply, then carry out voltage stabilizing filtering and shaping on the one-way pulsating voltage to generate a rectangular working pulse synchronous with the positive half-wave of the alternating current power supply, and then generate the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string according to the rectangular working pulse, wherein the wave head number of the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string can be counted by adopting a preset wave head algorithm.
Outputting a positive half-wave string or a negative half-wave string of an alternating current power supply with a specified wave number rule to a single-phase synchronous motor, namely alternately outputting the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string of the alternating current power supply to the single-phase synchronous motor, and gradually reducing the wave head number of the alternately output positive half-wave string and negative half-wave string in the process of alternately outputting the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string, for example, controlling the wave head number of the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string to gradually decrease with equal difference or unequal difference.
S203: and when the wave head number of the positive/negative half wave string is reduced to a preset value, the alternating current power supply is switched on for the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is fully electrified.
In the embodiment of the present application, after the single-phase synchronous motor is started, the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string, the number of wave heads of which is gradually reduced, are alternately output to the single-phase synchronous motor until the number of wave heads of the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string is reduced to a predetermined value, the alternating current power supply is switched on for the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is fully electrified, and the motor enters into synchronous operation.
Preferably, when the number of wave heads of the positive/negative half wave train decreases to a predetermined value, the ac power supply is turned on for the single-phase synchronous motor to fully energize the single-phase synchronous motor, including: and when the wave head number of the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string is reduced to 1, the alternating current power supply is switched on for the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is fully electrified and enters a synchronous running state.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving system of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application.
Referring to fig. 5, a driving system of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application, for controlling starting of a synchronous motor, includes:
and the power-on starting module 21 is used for outputting the positive half-wave string or the negative half-wave string of the alternating current power supply with the specified wave number rule to the single-phase synchronous motor when the motor is started, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is powered on and started.
Preferably, the power-on starting module 21 is specifically configured to: alternately outputting the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string to the single-phase synchronous motor, and gradually reducing the wave head number of the alternately output positive half wave string and negative half wave string in the process of alternately outputting the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string.
Preferably, the energization starting module 21 controls the wave head numbers of the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string to decrease in an equidifferent or non-equidifferent manner.
In the embodiment of the application, the alternating current power supply is used for supplying power to the single-phase synchronous motor, the scheme performs wave head number control on the alternating current voltage output by the alternating current power supply to the single-phase synchronous motor to form a voltage comprising a positive half-wave string and a negative half-wave string which are alternately changed, and then outputs the positive half-wave string or the negative half-wave string to the single-phase synchronous motor to control the positive or reverse starting of the single-phase synchronous motor.
The positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string can form a one-way pulsating voltage by carrying out amplitude limiting rectification on an alternating current power supply, then carry out voltage stabilizing filtering and shaping on the one-way pulsating voltage to generate a rectangular working pulse synchronous with the positive half-wave of the alternating current power supply, and then generate the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string according to the rectangular working pulse, wherein the wave head number of the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string can be counted by adopting a preset wave head algorithm.
Outputting a positive half-wave string or a negative half-wave string of an alternating current power supply with a specified wave number rule to a single-phase synchronous motor, namely alternately outputting the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string to the single-phase synchronous motor, and gradually reducing the wave head number of the alternately output positive half-wave string and negative half-wave string in the process of alternately outputting the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string, for example, controlling the wave head number of the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string to be gradually decreased in an equal difference or unequal difference mode.
And a full-electrifying module 22, configured to, when the number of wave heads of the positive/negative half-wave string is reduced to a predetermined value, switch on the ac power supply for the single-phase synchronous motor, so as to fully electrify the single-phase synchronous motor.
In the embodiment of the present application, after the single-phase synchronous motor is started, the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string, the number of wave heads of which is gradually reduced, are alternately output to the single-phase synchronous motor until the number of wave heads of the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string is reduced to a predetermined value, the alternating current power supply is switched on for the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is fully electrified, and the motor enters into synchronous operation.
Preferably, the fully powered module 22 is specifically configured to: and when the wave head number of the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string is reduced to 1, the alternating current power supply is switched on for the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is fully electrified and enters a synchronous running state.
The driving system of the motor provided in the embodiment of the present application may adopt the driving method of the motor in the above method embodiment, and specific functions may refer to the description of the steps in the above method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving system of another motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 6, a driving system of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application, for controlling starting of a synchronous motor, includes:
the positioning module 30 is configured to provide a plurality of positioning wave head strings for positioning to the single-phase synchronous motor before the single-phase synchronous motor is started, where the positioning wave head strings are used to stop a rotor of the single-phase synchronous motor at a start preset position according to a specified magnetic pole.
Preferably, the positioning wave head string is a positive wave head string or a negative wave head string.
In the embodiment of the application, in order to stop the designated magnetic pole of the rotor at the preset position, before the single-phase synchronous motor is started, a positioning wave head string can be output to the single-phase synchronous motor, and the positioning wave head string is used for stopping the rotor of the single-phase synchronous motor at the preset position; the device may also be set to a designated half-wave off when de-energized to stop the rotor at the desired position. Preferably, the positioning wave head string is a positive wave head string or a negative wave head string, and the time occupied by the positioning wave head string and the positioning interval time are 0.5-5 times of the mechanical time constant of the motor rotor.
Such as: firstly, the voltage applied to the motor by the alternating current power supply is controlled to be a certain number of positive wave head strings, so that the N pole of the rotor magnetic pole of the synchronous motor points to a determined armature magnetic pole, at the moment, the positioning current and the moment of the motor can be controlled by controlling the wave head number and the wave head conduction angle of the positive wave head strings, then the power is cut off, the power cut time is about 0.5-5 times of the mechanical time constant of the rotor, and the N pole of the rotor returns to the preset position under the action of the static positioning moment.
It can be understood that if the motor adopts the positive wave head string to position the preset position of the rotor when the motor stops rotating, the positive wave head string is sent out firstly when the starting is started, and the motor can be started and operated in the positive direction; if the motor adopts a negative wave head string to position the preset position of the rotor when the motor stops rotating, a negative half-wave string is sent out firstly when starting, and the motor can be started and operated in a positive direction; if the motor adopts the positive wave head string to position the preset position of the rotor when stopping rotating, the negative wave head string is sent out firstly when starting, and the motor can be started reversely and run; if the motor adopts the negative wave head string to position the preset position of the rotor when the motor stops rotating, the positive half-wave string is sent out firstly when the starting is started, and the motor can be started reversely and run. Therefore, the positioning wave head string and the positive half-wave string or the negative half-wave string emitted when the motor is started can be set as required.
And the power-on starting module 31 is configured to output the positive half-wave string or the negative half-wave string of the ac power supply with the specified wave number rule to the single-phase synchronous motor when the motor is started, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is powered on and started.
Preferably, the power-on starting module 31 is specifically configured to: alternately outputting the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string to the single-phase synchronous motor, and gradually reducing the wave head number of the alternately output positive half wave string and negative half wave string in the process of alternately outputting the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string.
Preferably, the energization starting module 31 controls the wave head numbers of the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string to decrease in an equidifferent or unequal manner.
In the embodiment of the application, the alternating current power supply is used for supplying power to the single-phase synchronous motor, the scheme performs wave head number control on the alternating current voltage output by the alternating current power supply to the single-phase synchronous motor to form a voltage comprising a positive half-wave string and a negative half-wave string which are alternately changed, and then outputs the positive half-wave string or the negative half-wave string to the single-phase synchronous motor to control the positive or reverse starting of the single-phase synchronous motor.
The positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string can form a one-way pulsating voltage by carrying out amplitude limiting rectification on an alternating current power supply, then carry out voltage stabilizing filtering and shaping on the one-way pulsating voltage to generate a rectangular working pulse synchronous with the positive half-wave of the alternating current power supply, and then generate the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string according to the rectangular working pulse, wherein the wave head number of the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string can be counted by adopting a preset wave head algorithm.
Outputting a positive half-wave string or a negative half-wave string of an alternating current power supply with a specified wave number rule to a single-phase synchronous motor, namely alternately outputting the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string to the single-phase synchronous motor, and gradually reducing the wave head number of the alternately output positive half-wave string and negative half-wave string in the process of alternately outputting the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string, for example, controlling the wave head number of the positive half-wave string and the negative half-wave string to be gradually decreased in an equal difference or unequal difference mode.
And a full power-on module 32, configured to switch on the ac power supply for the single-phase synchronous motor when the number of wave heads of the positive/negative half-wave string is reduced to a predetermined value, so as to fully power on the single-phase synchronous motor.
In the embodiment of the present application, after the single-phase synchronous motor is started, the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string, the number of wave heads of which is gradually reduced, are alternately output to the single-phase synchronous motor until the number of wave heads of the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string is reduced to a predetermined value, the alternating current power supply is switched on for the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is fully electrified, and the motor enters into synchronous operation.
Preferably, the fully powered module 32 is specifically configured to: and when the wave head number of the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string is reduced to 1, the alternating current power supply is switched on for the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is fully electrified and enters a synchronous running state.
Because the rotor magnetic pole N, S of the traditional single-phase synchronous motor points at random, when the power is switched on, the initial phase of the current is random, the stress of the rotor magnetic pole cannot be ensured to be a designated rotating direction, and the frequency of the applied power is fixed, the required positive half-wave string or negative half-wave string cannot be applied according to the magnetic pole position of the rotor, so the problems of uncertain rotating direction, failed starting and the like exist during starting.
In this embodiment, when the single-phase synchronous motor is controlled to start, the positive half-wave string or the negative half-wave string of the ac power source may be applied to the single-phase synchronous motor, so that the magnetic pole of the rotor of the motor may be positioned when the motor starts, and a certain starting half-wave string direction may be provided.
Meanwhile, when the single-phase synchronous motor is started in the prior art, for large inertia and heavy torque loads, the rotation speed of the magnetic poles of the rotor cannot be kept up with the rotation speed of the armature magnetic field, so that the rotor is out of step, and the rotor stops rotating or vibrates and fails to start.
In the embodiment of the present invention, when the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string are alternately output to the single-phase synchronous motor, the number of wave heads of the alternately output positive half wave string and negative half wave string may be gradually decreased to gradually change the rotation speed of the stator magnetic field from low to high in the process of alternately outputting the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string from the ac power supply, and when the number of wave heads is decreased to 1, the ac power supply may be turned on for the single-phase synchronous motor. Therefore, the directional starting of the single-phase synchronous motor can be realized, the starting torque is large, the synchronous operation is smooth and reliable, no wave is lacked, and the vibration, noise and step-out in the starting process can be reduced.
The driving system of the motor provided in the embodiment of the present application may adopt the driving method of the motor in the above method embodiment, and specific functions may refer to the description of the steps in the above method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A motor driving method for controlling starting of a synchronous motor, comprising:
when the motor is started, outputting a positive half-wave string or a negative half-wave string of an alternating current power supply with a specified wave number rule to the single-phase synchronous motor to electrify and start the single-phase synchronous motor;
when the wave head number of the positive/negative half wave string is reduced to a preset value, the alternating current power supply is switched on for the single-phase synchronous motor,
before the single-phase synchronous motor is started, a plurality of positioning wave head strings for positioning are provided for the single-phase synchronous motor, if the motor adopts a forward wave head string to position a preset position of a rotor when the motor stops rotating, the forward wave head string is firstly sent out when the starting is started, and the motor can be started in a forward direction and run; if the motor adopts the negative wave head string to position the preset position of the rotor when stopping, the negative wave head string is sent out firstly when starting, and the motor can be started and operated positively; if the motor adopts the positive wave head string to position the preset position of the rotor when stopping rotating, the negative wave head string is sent out firstly when starting, and the motor can be started reversely and run; if the motor adopts the negative wave head string to position the preset position of the rotor when stopping, the positive wave head string is sent out firstly when starting, and the motor can also be started reversely and run.
2. The driving method according to claim 1,
alternately outputting the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string to the single-phase synchronous motor, and gradually reducing the wave head number of the alternately output positive half wave string and negative half wave string in the process of alternately outputting the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string.
3. The driving method according to claim 2, wherein the gradually decreasing the number of wave heads of the positive half wave train and the negative half wave train alternately output includes:
and controlling the wave head numbers of the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string to decrease in an equal difference or a non-equal difference mode.
4. The driving method according to claim 1,
and when the wave head number of the positive half wave string and the negative half wave string is reduced to 1, switching on the alternating current power supply for the single-phase synchronous motor, and entering a synchronous running state.
5. The driving method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the positioning wave head string is used for stopping the rotor of the single-phase synchronous motor at a starting preset position according to a specified magnetic pole.
6. A motor drive system for controlling starting of a synchronous motor, comprising:
the power-on starting module is used for outputting a positive half-wave string or a negative half-wave string of an alternating current power supply with a specified wave number rule to the single-phase synchronous motor when the motor is started, so that the single-phase synchronous motor is powered on and started;
a full power-on module for switching on the AC power supply for the single-phase synchronous motor when the wave head number of the positive/negative half wave string is reduced to a predetermined value,
the positioning module is used for providing a plurality of positioning wave head strings for positioning for the single-phase synchronous motor before the single-phase synchronous motor is started, and if the motor adopts a forward wave head string to position a preset position of a rotor when the motor stops rotating, the forward wave head string is sent out firstly when the starting is started, and the motor can be started in a forward direction and run; if the motor adopts the negative wave head string to position the preset position of the rotor when stopping, the negative wave head string is sent out firstly when starting, and the motor can be started and operated positively; if the motor adopts the positive wave head string to position the preset position of the rotor when stopping rotating, the negative wave head string is sent out firstly when starting, and the motor can be started reversely and run; if the motor adopts the negative wave head string to position the preset position of the rotor when stopping, the positive wave head string is sent out firstly when starting, and the motor can also be started reversely and run.
7. The drive system according to claim 6, wherein the energization start module alternately outputs the positive half-wave train and the negative half-wave train to the single-phase synchronous motor, and gradually decreases the number of wave heads of the alternately output positive half-wave train and negative half-wave train in a process of alternately outputting the positive half-wave train and the negative half-wave train.
8. The drive system of claim 7, wherein the power-on start-up module controls the number of wave heads of the positive half-wave train and the negative half-wave train to decrease with equal difference or unequal difference.
9. The drive system of claim 6, wherein the full-energization module turns on the AC power supply for the single-phase synchronous motor to enter a synchronous operation state when the number of wave heads of the positive half-wave train and the negative half-wave train is reduced to 1.
10. The drive system according to any one of claims 6 to 9, further comprising: the positioning wave head string is used for enabling the rotor of the single-phase synchronous motor to stop at a starting preset position according to a specified magnetic pole.
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| IT1269755B (en) * | 1994-05-11 | 1997-04-15 | Sisme | ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR STARTING AND CONTROL OF A SINGLE-PHASE SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS |
| EP2410651B1 (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2013-06-05 | Askoll Holding S.r.l. | Method for starting a permanent magnet single-phase synchronous electric motor and electronic device for implementing said method |
| CN105471330A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-04-06 | 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 | Synchronous motor driving circuit |
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