CN107399988B - Method for preparing alumina-silicon carbide composite porous ceramic by using aluminum-silicon industrial waste residues - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing alumina-silicon carbide composite porous ceramic by using aluminum-silicon industrial waste residues. The main raw materials comprise industrial waste residue, carbon powder, a pore-forming agent and a binder, and the final product is prepared by four steps of mixing, drying, forming and sintering. The invention realizes the treatment and high value-added utilization of industrial waste residue, and the prepared porous ceramic has outstanding performance and can be applied to the fields of filtration, sound insulation, heat insulation, fire fighting and the like. The process flow is simple, and the industrial popularization is convenient; the cost is well controlled, and the economic value is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of porous ceramic materials and secondary resource utilization. Provides a method for preparing alumina-silicon carbide composite porous ceramic by using aluminum-silicon industrial waste residues.
Background
China is a large industrial country, the annual output of crude steel accounts for more than half of the total world output, and the method is also a main producing country of main nonferrous metal products such as copper, aluminum, lead, zinc and the like. These reflect, without doubt, the economic progress and the strengthening of our country's strength. However, with the development of heavy industries such as coal, metallurgy, and electric power, people have to face the problem of increasingly worsening environment while enjoying the economic growth dividend.
For example, the rapid development of the power industry provides convenience for people and simultaneously increases the discharge amount of the fly ash rapidly. A large amount of fly ash pollutes air, and a large amount of land is also needed for stacking, so that great inconvenience is brought to daily life of people. And if it is simply buried or stacked, it may cause serious pollution to the surrounding environment after a long time. In addition, the wastes such as steel slag, red mud and polished tiles are inevitable derivatives in the production and processing processes, and cause great pressure on the environment. The steel slag produced in the steel-making production process of steel plants is about 15-20% of the steel yield, and the accumulation of the industrial waste slag not only costs a great deal of treatment cost, but also easily causes secondary pollution to the environment. Therefore, green disposal and efficient utilization of these industrial residues are urgently needed.
The porous ceramic is a functional ceramic material with high porosity which is fired at high temperature, and sintering aids, foaming agents and pore-forming agents are commonly used in the preparation process to form required holes and pore structures. Due to the special material and structure, the ceramic has the excellent performance of the traditional ceramic, and also has good performances of high specific surface area, low density, low thermal conductivity, sound absorption, heat insulation and the like. Therefore, porous ceramics are widely used in the fields of metallurgy, chemical engineering, medicine, fire fighting and the like, and become one of the popular directions for the research in the field of materials.
Many industrial wastes are aluminum-silicon oxides, while Al2O3And SiO2And is a production raw material of common ceramics, so the aluminum-silicon industrial waste residue is suitable for preparing the alumina-silicon carbide composite porous ceramics. The fly ash contains a large amount of aluminosilicate and a certain amount of quartz, calcium oxide and the like, and can be used for manufacturing mullite dense and porous ceramics, sialon ceramics and the like. The waste residue of the polished tiles is also aluminum silicon oxide and also contains some abrasive SiC, the residue can be decomposed to form air holes in the high-temperature sintering process, and porous functional ceramics with good mechanical, thermal, acoustic and other properties can be prepared by utilizing the characteristics. In recent years, with the importance of society on environmental protection, the green treatment of industrial waste residue has been developed and advanced to a certain extent, but how to prepareThe porous ceramic with outstanding performance and high added value still remains the problem to be solved urgently in the field of ceramics and the field of secondary resource utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a method for preparing alumina-silicon carbide composite porous ceramic by using aluminum-silicon industrial waste residues. The method can be applied to the treatment and the efficient utilization of various aluminum-silicon industrial waste residues, so that the industrial waste is reused, and the waste is changed into valuable; but also protects the environment, thereby achieving two purposes at one stroke.
The technical steps of the invention are as follows:
(1) and (3) mixing materials. Weighing a certain amount of aluminum-silicon industrial waste residues and carbon powder, adding a pore-forming agent accounting for 0-40% by mass and a binder accounting for 3-8% by mass, and placing the mixture in a ball-milling tank taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium for ball milling for 10-30 hours;
(2) and (5) drying. Drying the ball-milled sample at the temperature of 70-120 ℃ to obtain a ceramic raw material;
(3) and (5) molding. Then pressing and molding the dried sample to obtain a blank;
(4) and (5) sintering. Putting the pressed blank into a high-temperature furnace, introducing protective gas, and starting heating, wherein the heating rate is controlled to be 5-15 ℃ per minute-1And preserving the heat for 2-10 hours at 1400-1700 ℃, then controlling the temperature to 1000 ℃, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the alumina-silicon carbide composite porous ceramic.
The aluminum-silicon industrial waste residue is one or more of fly ash, red mud, steel slag, iron ore tailings, boric sludge, coal gangue, aluminum profile factory waste residue and ceramic waste;
the carbon powder is one or more of active carbon, carbon black, coke and coal powder;
the average grain diameter of the aluminum-silicon industrial waste residue is processed to be less than 1mm, and the pore-forming agent and the binder are of industrial purity;
the pore-forming agent is SiC, and the binder is phenolic resin;
the ball milling equipment is a planetary ball mill, and the rotating speed is set to be 300-500 r.min-1In the range, the operation is carried out in a single direction, and the operation is stopped for 1h every 5 h;
the forming mode is one of compression molding and isostatic pressing, and the forming pressure is 100-300 MPa;
the protective gas is high-purity Ar gas;
the high-temperature furnace is one of a box-type resistance furnace, a tubular resistance furnace and a tunnel kiln.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and are taken from industrial waste residues, and the porous ceramic is prepared from the industrial waste residues, so that the waste materials are changed into valuable materials, the resources are saved, the problems of land occupation and environmental pollution caused by the waste residues are solved, and the method has obvious economic benefit and environmental protection benefit. In addition, the method has the advantages of convenient flow, strong technological operability, low equipment requirement and complete industrial popularization possibility. The porous ceramic prepared by the technology has proper porosity and superior properties such as strength, and can be used as materials for filtration, sound insulation, heat insulation, fire fighting and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is clearly and completely described by taking the fly ash as an example, and obviously, the following example is only a part of the result of the invention. Other raw materials can be selected or part of technical parameters can be adjusted during actual operation.
Example 1
(1) Weighing 10g of mixed raw materials of fly ash and activated carbon, wherein the ratio of fly ash to activated carbon is 10: 3; then adding SiC with the mass fraction of 5% and phenolic resin with the mass fraction of 3%; at 300 r.min-1Ball-milling for 10h in the ball mill;
(2) drying the raw materials which are subjected to ball milling and uniform mixing at 70 ℃ for 24 hours;
(3) after drying, pouring the powder into a mold, and maintaining the pressure for 5min at 150MPa for molding;
(4) then putting the pressed ceramic body into a tubular resistance furnace, and introducing Ar gas; preserving heat for 6h at the preset temperature of 1500 ℃, controlling the temperature to 1000 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the alumina-silicon carbide composite porous ceramic.
Through detection, the porosity of the obtained porous ceramic is 64 percent, the normal-temperature compressive strength is 12.7MPa, and the heat resistance is highDiffusion coefficient of 0.017cm2·s-1。
Example 2
(1) Weighing 10g of mixed raw materials of fly ash and activated carbon, wherein the ratio of fly ash to activated carbon is 10: 4; then adding SiC with the mass fraction of 20% and phenolic resin with the mass fraction of 3%; at 300 r.min-1Ball-milling for 10h in the ball mill;
(2) drying the raw materials which are subjected to ball milling and uniform mixing at 70 ℃ for 24 hours;
(3) after drying, pouring the powder into a mold, and keeping the pressure for 5min at 200MPa for molding;
(4) then putting the pressed ceramic body into a tubular resistance furnace, and introducing Ar gas; preserving heat for 4 hours at a preset temperature of 1600 ℃, controlling the temperature to 1000 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the alumina-silicon carbide composite porous ceramic.
The detection shows that the porosity of the obtained porous ceramic is 52 percent, the normal-temperature compressive strength is 18.3MPa, and the thermal diffusion coefficient is 0.021cm2·s-1。
Example 3
(1) Weighing 10g of mixed raw materials of fly ash and activated carbon, wherein the ratio of fly ash to activated carbon is 10: 5; then adding SiC with the mass fraction of 10% and phenolic resin with the mass fraction of 3%; at 300 r.min-1Ball-milling for 10h in the ball mill;
(2) drying the raw materials which are subjected to ball milling and uniform mixing at 70 ℃ for 24 hours;
(3) after drying, pouring the powder into a mold, and maintaining the pressure for 5min at 100MPa for molding;
(4) and then putting the pressed ceramic body into a beam type resistance furnace, introducing Ar gas, preserving the heat for 6 hours at a preset temperature of 1600 ℃, controlling the temperature to 1000 ℃, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the alumina-silicon carbide composite porous ceramic.
The porosity of the obtained porous ceramic is 60%, the normal-temperature compressive strength is 13.4MPa, and the thermal diffusion coefficient is 0.019cm2·s-1。
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing alumina-silicon carbide composite porous ceramic by using aluminum-silicon industrial waste residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing materials; adding 5-20% of SiC serving as a pore-forming agent and 3-8% of phenolic resin serving as a binder into the raw materials of the aluminum-silicon industrial waste residues and the carbon powder, and placing the raw materials in a ball-milling tank using absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium for ball milling for 10-30 h;
(2) drying; drying the ball-milled sample at the temperature of 70-120 ℃ to obtain a ceramic raw material;
(3) molding; then pressing and molding the dried sample to obtain a blank body;
(4) sintering; putting the pressed blank into a high-temperature sintering furnace, introducing protective gas and starting heating, wherein the heating rate is controlled to be 5-15 ℃ per minute-1Keeping the temperature for 2-10 h when the temperature reaches 1400-1700 ℃, controlling the temperature to 1000 ℃, and then cooling the product along with the furnace to obtain the alumina-silicon carbide composite porous ceramic;
the average grain diameter of the aluminum-silicon industrial waste residue is less than 1mm, and the pore-forming agent and the binder are of industrial purity;
the ball milling equipment is a planetary ball mill, and the rotating speed is set to be 300-500 r.min-1In the range, the operation is carried out unidirectionally, and the operation is stopped for 1h every 5 h.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum-silicon industrial waste residue is one or more of fly ash, red mud, steel slag, iron ore tailings, boric sludge, coal gangue, aluminum profile factory waste residue and ceramic waste.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the carbon powder is one or more of activated carbon, carbon black, coke, and pulverized coal.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressing method is one of compression molding and isostatic pressing, and the molding pressure is 100 to 300 MPa.
5. The method of claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein the shielding gas is Ar gas.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the high temperature sintering furnace is one of a box-type resistance furnace, a tube-type resistance furnace and a tunnel kiln.
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| CN117142875A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-12-01 | 宁夏大学 | Porous gas slag-silicon carbide composite ceramic support and preparation method thereof |
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