CN107963904B - Porous sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Porous sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a porous sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by perlite tailing powder and fly ash and a preparation method thereof, wherein the porous sound-absorbing ceramic is prepared by uniformly mixing perlite tailing powder, fly ash, silicon carbide, fluorite powder and distilled water by ball milling according to a certain mass ratio to prepare turbid liquid; pouring the turbid solution into a mould, then carrying out processes of slurry forming, maintenance, drying and the like to obtain a blank, and then carrying out a specific sintering system on the blank to obtain the porous ceramic. The properties of the ceramic are as follows: the apparent porosity is 22.4% -37.2%; the average sound absorption coefficient of the sample is 0.33-0.48 under 200-1600 Hz; the peak value of the first absorption peak appears at the frequency of 800-1250 Hz, and the peak value is 0.70-0.88. The porous sound-absorbing ceramic is prepared by using the tailings of natural minerals and mineral wastes as main raw materials, so that the waste of industrial wastes is changed into valuables, the mineral resources are efficiently utilized, and the environment-friendly sound-absorbing ceramic has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of porous ceramics, in particular to porous sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of society, especially the continuous progress of science and technology, the life of people is greatly improved and enhanced, especially the material life of people is qualitatively leap. People also put forward higher requirements on mental life, such as cultural life, air quality in living environment, noise decibel and the like, while enjoying the happiness feeling brought by increasingly abundant physical life.
In the progress process of large social span, negative effects also appear, such as haze weather which is easy to appear in winter; along with the advance and retreat of road traffic and other various traffic modes, the noise pollution is increasingly shown; with the development of industrial information, it is important to effectively prevent and control sound generated by audio equipment, since the equipment for generating audio is ubiquitous in the aspect of life.
The use of the sound-absorbing material is a main means for noise control, and the inorganic fiber porous sound-absorbing material has poor mechanical property and is easy to break; the organic foam porous sound-absorbing material is inflammable and highly polluted; the metal porous sound absorbing material is expensive to manufacture. The above-mentioned sound-absorbing materials have limited applications due to their drawbacks. And the porous sound-absorbing material is widely applied by virtue of the advantage of good processing performance.
A large number of three-dimensional through channels are formed in the porous sound-absorbing material, so that when sound waves enter the material, a part of the sound waves are converted into heat energy due to air friction to be dissipated, meanwhile, refraction and diffuse reflection of the sound waves generated in the material are also beneficial to loss of sound energy, and the purposes of sound absorption and noise reduction are achieved. Published patent publication No. CN 101503298A discloses a method for preparing silicon nitride porous ceramics by gel injection molding; patent publication No. CN 102372499A discloses a process for preparing porous Ti by organic foam impregnation2A method of AlN ceramics; patent publication No. CN 102432332A discloses a method for preparing alumina porous ceramics by using a gel-foaming method. Although the gel injection molding method and the organic foam impregnation method adopted in the above patents are easy to prepare the porous ceramic with a large number of through pores, the porous ceramic has the defects of toxicity, high pollution and the like of the additive, and the porous ceramic prepared by the foaming method mostly has closed pores.
A large amount of mineral resources are consumed while the society progresses, and the mineral resources often bring a large amount of tailings and mineral waste residues in the development process. Therefore, the reasonable and effective utilization of mineral tailings and waste residues is always the key point of social research.
Therefore, the development of the inorganic nonmetal porous sound-absorbing material by using the mineral tailings and the waste residues is realized, the problems of stacking of the mineral tailings and environmental pollution caused by the mineral waste residues are solved, and the development problem of the sound-absorbing material is solved, so that the development direction is worthy of research.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize the efficient utilization of non-metallic minerals, overcome the defects of high cost, flammability, easy corrosion and the like of the traditional sound-absorbing material and solve the contradiction between the complexity of the process for preparing the porous sound-absorbing ceramic and the sound-absorbing performance in the prior art, the invention provides a novel process for preparing the porous sound-absorbing ceramic by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as main raw materials and combining direct foaming with a sacrificial template and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a porous sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials comprises the following raw materials and distilled water: the raw materials comprise: perlite tailing powder, fly ash, silicon carbide, fluorite powder and Arabic gum;
the porous sound-absorbing ceramic is prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials, wherein the raw materials of the porous sound-absorbing ceramic are sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve, and the ratio of silicon to aluminum is 2-3: 1;
a porous sound-absorbing ceramic is prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials, wherein the mass ratio of the perlite tailing powder to the fly ash is 5-7: 2-4;
the porous sound-absorbing ceramic is prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials, wherein the carbon content of the fly ash is 20-25%;
the content of the silicon carbide and the content of the fluorite powder are respectively 0.5-1.8% and 1.5-3.0% of the total mass sum of the perlite tailing powder and the fly ash.
The Arabic gum accounts for 0.5-2.0% of the total mass of the materials;
a preparation method of porous sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials comprises the following steps:
1) putting all the raw materials and the additives into a ball mill, adding distilled water accounting for 40-55% of the total mass of the raw materials, and performing ball milling for 50-80 min to obtain turbid liquid, wherein the material-ball ratio is 1: 3;
2) pouring the turbid liquid prepared in the step 1) into a mold, and carrying out static slurry forming for 12-24 hours to prepare a wet blank;
3) putting the wet blank prepared in the step 2) into a curing box, putting the blank after curing for 48-72 h into a drying box, and drying for 12-24 h at 110 ℃; sintering the dried blank in a high-temperature furnace at 1070-1220 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain a porous ceramic block; wherein the curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 25 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 50 percent;
drying the blank body in the step 3) for 12-24 hours to remove most of water in the blank body and prevent the sample from cracking in the high-temperature sintering process; the blank body formed by the static slurry in the step 2) has the thickness of 2-3 cm and the side length of 10 cm; the sintering system in the invention is as follows: heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 70min at the temperature, then heating to 1070-1220 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min at the temperature, then stopping heating, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and finally finishing the sintering process. The sample in the sintering system has a preheating process, so that the surface of a blank body can be prevented from being quickly vitrified due to too fast temperature rise, and the inside and outside of the sample are prevented from being heated unevenly;
cutting the porous ceramic block prepared in the step 3) to obtain porous sound-absorbing ceramic, measuring the sound-absorbing coefficient of a ceramic sample by using a sound-absorbing coefficient testing system, and testing the apparent porosity of the ceramic sample by using an Archimedes drainage method; the porous sound-absorbing ceramic prepared in the step 3) has the following properties: the apparent porosity is 22.4% -37.2%; the average sound absorption coefficient of the sample is 0.33-0.48 under 200-1600 Hz; the first absorption peak appears at the frequency of 800-1250 Hz, and the peak value is 0.70-0.88.
Has the positive and beneficial effects that: the porous sound-absorbing ceramic with high strength, corrosion resistance, fire resistance, heat insulation and good sound-absorbing performance is prepared by using perlite tailing powder and fly ash as main raw materials and combining direct foaming and a sacrificial template. The invention can overcome the defects of low porosity and most closed pore channels of the porous ceramic prepared by a direct foaming method and a template method, and effectively improve the sound absorption performance of the porous ceramic; meanwhile, the method has the advantages of simple and convenient process, high strength of prepared samples, contribution to practical application and the like. The porous sound-absorbing ceramic is prepared by using the tailings of natural minerals and mineral wastes as main raw materials, so that the waste of industrial wastes is changed into valuables, the mineral resources are efficiently utilized, and the environment-friendly sound-absorbing ceramic has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention for preparing a porous sound-absorbing ceramic;
fig. 2 is a macroscopic photograph of the porous sound-absorbing ceramic prepared in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples:
a porous sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials comprises the following raw materials and distilled water: the raw materials comprise: perlite tailing powder, fly ash, silicon carbide, fluorite powder and Arabic gum;
the porous sound-absorbing ceramic is prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials, wherein the raw materials of the porous sound-absorbing ceramic are sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve, and the ratio of silicon to aluminum is 2-3: 1;
a porous sound-absorbing ceramic is prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials, wherein the mass ratio of the perlite tailing powder to the fly ash is 5-7: 2-4;
the porous sound-absorbing ceramic is prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials, wherein the carbon content of the fly ash is 20-25%;
the content of the silicon carbide and the content of the fluorite powder are respectively 0.5-1.8 percent and 1.5-3.0 percent of the total mass sum of the perlite tailing powder and the fly ash;
the Arabic gum accounts for 0.5-2.0% of the total mass of the materials;
a preparation method of porous sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials comprises the following steps:
1) putting all the raw materials and the additives into a ball mill, adding distilled water accounting for 40-55% of the total mass of the raw materials, and performing ball milling for 50-80 min to obtain turbid liquid, wherein the material-ball ratio is 1: 3;
2) pouring the turbid liquid prepared in the step 1) into a mold, and carrying out static slurry forming for 12-24 hours to prepare a wet blank;
3) putting the wet blank prepared in the step 2) into a curing box, putting the blank after curing for 48-72 h into a drying box, and drying for 12-24 h at 110 ℃; sintering the dried blank in a high-temperature furnace at 1070-1220 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain a porous ceramic block; wherein the curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 25 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 50 percent;
drying the blank body in the step 3) for 12-24 hours to remove most of water in the blank body and prevent the sample from cracking in the high-temperature sintering process; the blank body formed by the static slurry in the step 2) has the thickness of 2-3 cm and the side length of 10 cm; the sintering system in the invention is as follows: heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 70min at the temperature, then heating to 1070-1220 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min at the temperature, then stopping heating, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and finally finishing the sintering process. The sample in the sintering system has a preheating process, so that the surface of a blank body can be prevented from being quickly vitrified due to too fast temperature rise, and the inside and outside of the sample are prevented from being heated unevenly;
cutting the porous ceramic block prepared in the step 3) to obtain porous sound-absorbing ceramic, measuring the sound-absorbing coefficient of a ceramic sample by using a sound-absorbing coefficient testing system, and testing the apparent porosity of the ceramic sample by using an Archimedes drainage method; the porous sound-absorbing ceramic prepared in the step 3) has the following properties: the apparent porosity is 22.4% -37.2%; the average sound absorption coefficient of the sample is 0.33-0.48 under 200-1600 Hz; the first absorption peak appears at the frequency of 800-1250 Hz, and the peak value is 0.70-0.88.
Example 1
Preparing porous sound-absorbing ceramic: putting 180.0g of perlite tailing powder, 90.2g of fly ash, 6.8g of fluorite powder and 3.3g of silicon carbide into a ball mill, adding 113g of distilled water, and uniformly mixing by ball milling for 1 hour to obtain turbid liquid; pouring the obtained turbid solution into a mold, performing static slurry molding for 15 hours to prepare a wet blank, then putting the wet blank into a curing box, and curing for 48 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 50%; drying the cured blank in a drying oven at 110 ℃ for 12h to obtain a dry blank; putting the dry blank into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 70min at the temperature, then heating to 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min at the temperature, and then stopping heating and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a porous ceramic block; and finally, cutting the porous ceramic block to obtain a porous ceramic cylinder with the diameter of 99mm and the thickness of 30 mm.
And (3) testing the apparent porosity and sound absorption performance of the porous sound absorption ceramic: the apparent porosity is 37.2%; the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.48 under 200-1600 Hz; the first absorption peak occurs at a frequency of 850Hz with a peak value of 0.88.
Example 2
Preparing porous sound-absorbing ceramic: putting 182.0g of perlite tailing powder, 91.1g of fly ash, 3.5g of fluorite powder and 1.3g of silicon carbide into a ball mill, adding 151g of distilled water, and uniformly mixing by ball milling for 1 hour to obtain turbid liquid; pouring the obtained turbid solution into a mold, performing static slurry molding for 18h to obtain a wet blank, putting the wet blank into a curing box, and curing for 48h under the conditions that the temperature is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 50%; drying the cured blank in a drying oven at 110 ℃ for 12h to obtain a dry blank; putting the dry blank into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 70min at the temperature, then heating to 1180 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min at the temperature, and then stopping heating and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a porous ceramic block; and finally, cutting the porous ceramic block to obtain a porous ceramic cylinder with the diameter of 99mm and the thickness of 30 mm.
And (3) testing the apparent porosity and sound absorption performance of the porous sound absorption ceramic: the apparent porosity is 30.8%; the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.43 under 200-1600 Hz; the first absorption peak occurs at a frequency of 1250Hz and has a peak value of 0.81.
Example 3
Preparing porous sound-absorbing ceramic: putting 182.4g of perlite tailing powder, 91.2g of fly ash, 2.7g of fluorite powder and 1.7g of silicon carbide into a ball mill, adding 115g of distilled water, and uniformly mixing for 50min by ball milling to obtain turbid liquid; pouring the obtained turbid solution into a mold, performing static slurry forming for 12h to obtain a wet blank, putting the wet blank into a curing box, and curing for 48h under the conditions that the temperature is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 50%; drying the cured blank in a drying oven at 110 ℃ for 12h to obtain a dry blank; putting the dry blank into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 70min at the temperature, then heating to 1180 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min at the temperature, and then stopping heating and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a porous ceramic block; and finally, cutting the porous ceramic block to obtain a porous ceramic cylinder with the diameter of 99mm and the thickness of 30 mm.
And (3) testing the apparent porosity and sound absorption performance of the porous sound absorption ceramic: the apparent porosity is 28.4%; the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.38 under 200-1600 Hz; the first absorption peak occurs at a frequency of 1000Hz and has a peak value of 0.77.
Example 4
Preparing porous sound-absorbing ceramic: putting 220.6g of perlite tailing powder, 50.6g of fly ash, 4.7g of fluorite powder and 1.5g of silicon carbide into a ball mill, adding 160g of distilled water, and uniformly mixing for 50min by ball milling to obtain turbid liquid; pouring the obtained turbid solution into a mold, performing static slurry molding for 15 hours to prepare a wet blank, then putting the wet blank into a curing box, and curing for 60 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 50%; drying the cured blank in a drying oven at 110 ℃ for 12h to obtain a dry blank; putting the dry blank into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat at the temperature for 70min, then heating to 1080 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat at the temperature for 50min, and then stopping heating and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a porous ceramic block; and finally, cutting the porous ceramic block to obtain a porous ceramic cylinder with the diameter of 99mm and the thickness of 30 mm.
And (3) testing the apparent porosity and sound absorption performance of the porous sound absorption ceramic: the apparent porosity is 22.4%; the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.33 under 200-1600 Hz; the first absorption peak occurs at a frequency of 1250Hz and has a peak value of 0.70.
The porous sound-absorbing ceramic with high strength, corrosion resistance, fire resistance, heat insulation and good sound-absorbing performance is prepared by using perlite tailing powder and fly ash as main raw materials and combining a direct foaming method and a sacrificial template. The method can reduce the defects of low porosity and most closed pore channels of the porous ceramic prepared by a direct foaming method and a pore-forming agent method, and effectively improve the sound absorption performance of the porous ceramic; meanwhile, the process has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, high strength of prepared samples, convenience for practical application and the like. The porous sound-absorbing ceramic is prepared by using the tailings of natural minerals and mineral wastes as main raw materials, so that the waste of industrial wastes is changed into valuables, the mineral resources are efficiently utilized, and the environment-friendly sound-absorbing ceramic has wide application prospect.
The above examples are only for illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art should be covered within the technical scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of porous sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials is characterized by comprising the following steps: putting 180.0g of perlite tailing powder, 90.2g of fly ash, 6.8g of fluorite powder and 3.3g of silicon carbide into a ball mill, adding 113g of distilled water, and uniformly mixing by ball milling for 1 hour to obtain turbid liquid; pouring the obtained turbid solution into a mold, performing static slurry molding for 15 hours to prepare a wet blank, then putting the wet blank into a curing box, and curing for 48 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 50%; drying the cured blank in a drying oven at 110 ℃ for 12h to obtain a dry blank; putting the dry blank into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 70min at the temperature, then heating to 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min at the temperature, and then stopping heating and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a porous ceramic block; finally, cutting the porous ceramic block to obtain a porous ceramic cylinder with the diameter of 99mm and the thickness of 30 mm;
and (3) testing the apparent porosity and sound absorption performance of the porous sound absorption ceramic: the apparent porosity is 37.2%; the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.48 under 200-1600 Hz; the first absorption peak occurs at a frequency of 850Hz with a peak value of 0.88.
2. A preparation method of porous sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials is characterized by comprising the following steps: putting 182.0g of perlite tailing powder, 91.1g of fly ash, 3.5g of fluorite powder and 1.3g of silicon carbide into a ball mill, adding 151g of distilled water, and uniformly mixing by ball milling for 1 hour to obtain turbid liquid; pouring the obtained turbid solution into a mold, performing static slurry molding for 18h to obtain a wet blank, putting the wet blank into a curing box, and curing for 48h under the conditions that the temperature is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 50%; drying the cured blank in a drying oven at 110 ℃ for 12h to obtain a dry blank; putting the dry blank into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 70min at the temperature, then heating to 1180 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min at the temperature, and then stopping heating and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a porous ceramic block; finally, cutting the porous ceramic block to obtain a porous ceramic cylinder with the diameter of 99mm and the thickness of 30 mm;
and (3) testing the apparent porosity and sound absorption performance of the porous sound absorption ceramic: the apparent porosity is 30.8%; the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.43 under 200-1600 Hz; the first absorption peak occurs at a frequency of 1250Hz and has a peak value of 0.81.
3. A preparation method of porous sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials is characterized by comprising the following steps: putting 182.4g of perlite tailing powder, 91.2g of fly ash, 2.7g of fluorite powder and 1.7g of silicon carbide into a ball mill, adding 115g of distilled water, and uniformly mixing for 50min by ball milling to obtain turbid liquid; pouring the obtained turbid solution into a mold, performing static slurry forming for 12h to obtain a wet blank, putting the wet blank into a curing box, and curing for 48h under the conditions that the temperature is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 50%; drying the cured blank in a drying oven at 110 ℃ for 12h to obtain a dry blank; putting the dry blank into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 70min at the temperature, then heating to 1180 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min at the temperature, and then stopping heating and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a porous ceramic block; finally, cutting the porous ceramic block to obtain a porous ceramic cylinder with the diameter of 99mm and the thickness of 30 mm;
and (3) testing the apparent porosity and sound absorption performance of the porous sound absorption ceramic: the apparent porosity is 28.4%; the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.38 under 200-1600 Hz; the first absorption peak occurs at a frequency of 1000Hz and has a peak value of 0.77.
4. A preparation method of porous sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking perlite tailing powder and fly ash as raw materials is characterized by comprising the following steps: putting 220.6g of perlite tailing powder, 50.6g of fly ash, 4.7g of fluorite powder and 1.5g of silicon carbide into a ball mill, adding 160g of distilled water, and uniformly mixing for 50min by ball milling to obtain turbid liquid; pouring the obtained turbid solution into a mold, performing static slurry molding for 15 hours to prepare a wet blank, then putting the wet blank into a curing box, and curing for 60 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 50%; drying the cured blank in a drying oven at 110 ℃ for 12h to obtain a dry blank; putting the dry blank into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat at the temperature for 70min, then heating to 1080 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat at the temperature for 50min, and then stopping heating and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a porous ceramic block; finally, cutting the porous ceramic block to obtain a porous ceramic cylinder with the diameter of 99mm and the thickness of 30 mm;
and (3) testing the apparent porosity and sound absorption performance of the porous sound absorption ceramic: the apparent porosity is 22.4%; the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.33 under 200-1600 Hz; the first absorption peak occurs at a frequency of 1250Hz and has a peak value of 0.70.
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