CN107399621B - Shore loading and unloading equipment and loading and unloading method - Google Patents

Shore loading and unloading equipment and loading and unloading method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107399621B
CN107399621B CN201710691170.2A CN201710691170A CN107399621B CN 107399621 B CN107399621 B CN 107399621B CN 201710691170 A CN201710691170 A CN 201710691170A CN 107399621 B CN107399621 B CN 107399621B
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shore
container
loading
unloading
trolley
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CN107399621A (en
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潘驰凯
胡静
梁海玉
吴鑫鑫
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Shanghai Zhenghua Heavy Industries Co Ltd
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Shanghai Zhenghua Heavy Industries Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G67/00Loading or unloading vehicles
    • B65G67/60Loading or unloading ships
    • B65G67/603Loading or unloading ships using devices specially adapted for articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G2201/00Indexing codes relating to handling devices, e.g. conveyors, characterised by the type of product or load being conveyed or handled
    • B65G2201/02Articles
    • B65G2201/0235Containers

Abstract

The invention discloses a shore loading and unloading device, comprising: a shore crane and ground transportation equipment. The shore crane has a container steering device that rotates the container from a first direction to a second direction, or from the second direction to the first direction. The ground transportation equipment loads the container to move, the ground transportation equipment stays below the tail part of the shore crane along the second direction, and the shore crane and the ground transportation equipment carry out container loading and unloading, wherein the container is along the second direction. Wherein the first direction is a direction parallel to the shore and the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the shore. The invention also discloses a ship loading method and a ship unloading method using the shore loading and unloading equipment. The shore loading and unloading equipment and the loading and unloading method realize the steering of the container on the shore crane, save the space required by the steering path of the ground transportation equipment and effectively improve the integral loading and unloading efficiency of the container wharf.

Description

Shore loading and unloading equipment and loading and unloading method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of container terminals, in particular to a loading and unloading method of shore loading and unloading equipment of a container terminal.
Background
Container terminals are specialized terminal facilities that perform container transfers. A plurality of devices are arranged on the container wharf: a shore crane, a yard crane and ground transportation equipment. Where a shore crane is used for loading or unloading containers onto or from a ship and ground transport equipment is used for ground transport of containers, such as transporting containers from a yard to a shore crane for loading onto a ship or transporting containers off a ship to a yard.
Fig. 1a, 1b and 1c disclose arrangements of shore loading and unloading equipment used in the prior art. In the description herein, two directions are defined first: a first direction and a second direction. The first direction is a direction parallel to the shore and the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the shore. The vessel is docked along shore and the containers on the vessel are in a first orientation. The main beam of the shore crane is along the second direction. When the plurality of bank cranes are arranged, the plurality of bank cranes are arranged in parallel on the bank along the first direction. The conventional shore crane does not change the direction of the container when performing the loading and unloading operation, so that the container is always in the first direction when being unloaded from the ship by the shore crane or loaded on the ship. The yard for stacking containers is generally arranged in the deep area of the container terminal, and the ground transport equipment is most often driven in the second direction during the transfer. When the shore crane and the ground transportation equipment load and unload the container, the ground transportation equipment needs to turn to the first direction, keep consistent with the direction of the container, and then load and unload the container. The loading and unloading of the container by the shore crane and the ground transportation equipment are carried out at the tail part of the shore crane. The ground transportation equipment drives into the lower part of the tail part of the shore crane to carry out container loading and unloading with the shore crane. Referring to fig. 1a, the ground transport apparatus 101 requires an arc-shaped turn on both sides of the shore crane 102 to accomplish the switching between the first orientation and the second orientation. Specifically, when the ground transportation device is driven under the tail of the shore crane, an arc-shaped driving path is needed to be changed from the second direction to the first direction. Accordingly, when the ground transport equipment is driven off from below the tail of the shore crane, an arc-shaped driving path is also required to be changed from the first direction to the second direction.
Since the shore crane can only load and unload one ground transportation device at a time, the rest ground transportation devices need to wait. When the quantity of the ground transportation equipment is large, the ground transportation equipment in the waiting state can occupy the running paths of other ground transportation equipment, so that the running paths of the ground transportation equipment are crossed, the ground transportation equipment needing to run in and out of the shore crane and the ground transportation equipment in the waiting state are interfered with each other, and the transportation efficiency of the ground transportation equipment is reduced. To solve the problem of ground transportation equipment path interference, buffers are used in some container terminals. Referring to fig. 1b, the buffer zone 103 is located in the area near the tail of the shore crane 102. The ground transport facility 101 first enters the buffer 103 to wait, and enters the lower part of the tail of the shore crane when the shore crane is in an idle state, and performs loading and unloading operations with the shore crane. After the operation is finished, the vehicle also enters the buffer area 103, waits for other ground transportation equipment on the road to drive away, and then drives to the road after the road is smooth. By adding the buffer area 103, the crossing on the running path of the ground transportation equipment can be reduced, the congestion caused by the path crossing is reduced, and the transportation efficiency is improved.
However, the buffer area 103 needs to occupy a large area, and generally, the buffer area 103 needs to be arranged on both sides of the shore crane 102, one side of the buffer area is used by the ground transportation equipment 101 ready to drive in, and the other side of the buffer area is used by the ground transportation equipment 101 ready to drive away after loading and unloading are finished. Referring to fig. 1c, when a plurality of shore cranes are arranged side by side on a container terminal, the spacing distance between the shore cranes is affected by the buffer zone 103. If enough space is to be left for arranging the buffer 103, a larger spacing between the shore cranes 102 needs to be kept, which is to say that the number of shore cranes 102 that can be arranged on a shore line of the same length is reduced, which reduces the overall throughput capacity of the container terminal. If more bank cranes need to be arranged, the interval between the bank cranes is smaller, so that the buffer area 103 is insufficient in size, good buffering cannot be realized, and the ground transportation efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a shore loading and unloading device and a loading and unloading method, which can solve the problems in the prior art.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is disclosed a shore loading and unloading facility, comprising: a shore crane and ground transportation equipment. The shore crane has a container steering device that rotates the container from a first direction to a second direction, or from the second direction to the first direction. The ground transportation equipment loads the container to move, the ground transportation equipment stays below the tail part of the shore crane along the second direction, and the shore crane and the ground transportation equipment carry out container loading and unloading, wherein the container is along the second direction. Wherein the first direction is a direction parallel to the shore and the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the shore.
In one embodiment, the main beam of the shore crane is in a second direction, and the shore crane is provided with a first trolley, a second trolley and a transfer platform, wherein the first trolley transfers the containers between the ship and the transfer platform, and the second trolley transfers the containers between the transfer platform and the ground transportation equipment. The first trolley, the transfer platform and the containers on the ship are arranged along a first direction, and the container steering device is arranged on the second trolley.
In one embodiment, the container direction steering device is a steering mechanism, the steering mechanism is arranged on the second trolley, and the steering mechanism drives the upper frame and the lifting appliance of the second trolley to rotate.
In one embodiment, the upper frame of the second trolley is a bogie upper frame, which has a steering capability.
In one embodiment, the second trolley is provided with a side shifting mechanism, and the side shifting mechanism drives the upper frame and the lifting appliance of the second trolley to laterally shift along the first direction.
In one embodiment, a plurality of ground transportation devices are parallelly stopped under the tail part of the shore crane, and the side-shifting mechanism drives the upper frame and the lifting appliance of the second trolley to laterally shift to align one of the ground transportation devices.
In one embodiment, the shore loading and unloading facility further comprises a storage rack, which is arranged within the working range of the second trolley, which transfers containers between the storage rack and the ground transport facility or between the storage rack and the transfer platform.
In one embodiment, a plurality of shore cranes are arranged side by side in a first direction.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for loading a ship, using the shore loading and unloading apparatus, the method including:
the ground transportation equipment carries the container to drive into the lower part of the tail part of the shore crane, and the ground transportation equipment stays along the second direction;
the shore crane lifts the container along the second direction from the ground transportation equipment, turns to the first direction and then loads the container onto the ship.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an unloading method using the shore loading and unloading apparatus, the method including:
the ground transportation equipment drives into the lower part of the tail part of the shore crane in an idle load manner, and the ground transportation equipment stays along the second direction;
the shore crane lifts the container from the vessel in a first direction, turns to a second direction and loads onto the ground transport equipment.
The shore loading and unloading equipment and the loading and unloading method realize the steering of the container on the shore crane, avoid the steering of ground transportation equipment, save the space required by the steering path of the ground transportation equipment, improve the space utilization rate of the container terminal and effectively improve the integral loading and unloading efficiency of the container terminal.
Drawings
The above and other features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals denote like features throughout the several views, wherein:
fig. 1a, 1b and 1c disclose arrangements of shore loading and unloading equipment used in the prior art.
Fig. 2 discloses a schematic structural diagram of a shore loading and unloading facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 discloses a schematic structural view of a second trolley in the shore loading/unloading facility according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the second trolley is provided with a steering mechanism.
Fig. 4 discloses a schematic structural diagram of a transfer head in a shore loading and unloading facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5a, 5b and 5c disclose schematic structural views of a side-shifting mechanism in a shore loading and unloading facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6a, 6b and 6c disclose schematic structural views of a storage rack in a shore loading and unloading facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 7 discloses an arrangement of shore loading and unloading facilities according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is disclosed a shore loading and unloading facility, comprising: a shore crane and ground transportation equipment. The shore crane has a container steering device that rotates the container from a first direction to a second direction, or from the second direction to the first direction. The ground transportation equipment loads the container to move, the ground transportation equipment stays below the tail part of the shore crane along the second direction, and the shore crane and the ground transportation equipment carry out container loading and unloading, wherein the container is along the second direction. The first direction is a direction parallel to the shore and the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the shore.
Fig. 2 discloses a schematic structural diagram of a shore loading and unloading facility according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the shore crane has substantially the same structure as a conventional shore crane, and includes: the device comprises a rack, supporting legs, a main beam, a first trolley, a second trolley, a transfer platform and the like. The main beam of the shore crane is along a second direction, and the shore crane is provided with a first trolley 202, a second trolley 204 and a transfer platform 206. The first trolley 202 travels along the main beam and transfers containers between the ship and the transfer platform 206. The second cart 204 travels along a cross beam on the frame and the second cart 204 transfers containers between the transfer platform 206 and ground transport equipment. The staging platform 206 is mounted to the rack. During the transfer of containers by the shore crane, the first trolley 202, the transfer platform 206 and the containers on board the vessel are in a first orientation. I.e., the container is transported by the first trolley between the transfer platform 206 and the ship without changing the orientation of the container. The second trolley 204 in the shore crane of the present invention is slightly different from the prior art. In the prior art, the second trolley 204 does not change the direction of the container during the process of transferring the container, and the container continues to be transferred in the first direction. In the present invention, the second cart 204 is provided with a container steering device. The container steering device steers the container, and turns the container from the first direction to the second direction or from the second direction to the first direction according to requirements. Specifically, the second cart 204 diverts the container from the first orientation to the second orientation as the container is transferred from the transfer platform 206 to the ground transport facility. Conversely, the second cart 204 may be used to turn the container from the second orientation to the first orientation when the container is transferred by the ground transport to the transfer platform 206.
The container steering arrangement can be implemented in different ways. In one embodiment, the container steering device is a steering mechanism, the steering mechanism is mounted on the second trolley, and the steering mechanism drives the upper frame and the spreader of the second trolley to rotate. Fig. 3 discloses a schematic structural view of a second trolley in the shore loading/unloading facility according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the second trolley is provided with a steering mechanism. Referring to fig. 3, a steering mechanism 241 is mounted on the second trolley 204, and the steering mechanism 241 can drive the upper frame and the spreader of the second trolley to rotate and drive the carried containers to be loaded together. In one embodiment, the steering mechanism 241 has the capability of 360 degrees rotation, and can rotate 360 degrees clockwise or counterclockwise, but in actual operation, only 90 degrees clockwise or counterclockwise are required. In another embodiment, the steering mechanism 241 has 90-degree rotation capability, and can rotate 90 degrees clockwise or counterclockwise, and since only 90-degree rotation is required in actual operation, the steering mechanism with 90-degree steering capability can also meet the requirement.
In another embodiment, the container steering device is implemented by a bogie. Fig. 4 discloses a schematic structural diagram of a transfer head in a shore loading and unloading facility according to an embodiment of the present invention. The upper frame of the second carriage 204 is a bogie upper frame 242, and the bogie upper frame 242 has a steering capability. In one embodiment, the upper bogie 242 has 90 degree rotation capability, and can rotate 90 degrees clockwise or counterclockwise, and since only 90 degree rotation is required in actual operation, the upper bogie with 90 degree steering capability can meet the requirement.
Because the space below the tail part of the shore crane is large, a plurality of ground transportation devices can be parked at the same time. The ground transport apparatuses are each parked in the second direction, and the plurality of ground transport apparatuses are arranged in the first direction. The second trolley can only carry out container loading and unloading operation on one ground transport device at each time, and the second trolley can only carry out container loading and unloading operation by aligning with the ground transport device. In the case of a large number of ground transport devices, it is necessary to be able to displace the second carriage relative to the ground transport devices. There are two ways of relative displacement: the second trolley does not move, and the ground transportation equipment moves below the second trolley; or the ground transportation equipment is not moved, and the second trolley moves to the position above the ground transportation equipment. In the embodiment of the invention, since the ground transportation equipment is usually a large-sized transport vehicle and is parked under the shore crane in the second direction, the ground transportation equipment is difficult to laterally displace, and the moving efficiency is low. Therefore, the invention provides the second trolley with a side shifting mechanism, and the side shifting mechanism drives the upper frame and the lifting appliance of the second trolley to laterally shift along the first direction. Fig. 5a, 5b and 5c disclose schematic structural views of a side-shifting mechanism in a shore loading and unloading facility according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5a, 5b and 5c, several ground transport devices are parked in parallel below the tail of the shore crane, in the illustrated embodiment three ground transport devices are parked in parallel. The side shifting mechanism drives the upper frame and the lifting appliance of the second trolley to laterally shift so as to align to one of the ground transportation devices. The side-shifting mechanism 243 is installed on the second trolley 204, and the side-shifting mechanism 243 drives the upper frame and the lifting appliance of the second trolley to shift laterally along the first direction. Fig. 5a, 5b and 5c disclose the handling of a container. Referring first to figure 5a, the second trolley lifts the container from the transfer platform with the container in the first orientation. The second trolley is ready to load the container onto the ground transport equipment located furthest to the right in figure 5 a. In the situation shown in fig. 5a, the upper carriage and spreader of the second trolley are in a neutral position, out of alignment with the rightmost ground transport equipment. Referring to fig. 5b, the container is rotated by 90 degrees by the steering mechanism or upper bogie so that the container is in the second orientation, which is the same as the orientation of the ground transport equipment. The side-shifting mechanism 243 then moves the second trolley's upper carriage and spreader laterally to the rightmost position shown in figure 5b, aligned with the rightmost ground transport apparatus. Referring to fig. 5c, the second cart loads the container onto the ground transport device located at the far right side, completing the loading and unloading of the container.
In the great container terminal of handling capacity, in order to further promote container transfer efficiency, reduce idle latency, can also set up and deposit the support. The storage support is arranged in the operation range of the second trolley, and the second trolley transfers containers between the storage support and ground transportation equipment or between the storage support and the transfer platform. Fig. 6a, 6b and 6c disclose schematic structural views of a storage rack in a shore loading and unloading facility according to an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein figure 6a is a side view of the storage rack, figure 6b is a front view of the storage rack, and figure 6c is a top view of the storage rack. As shown in the figure, the storage supports are in a plurality of groups, and each group of storage supports corresponds to one container. Each set of storage racks comprises four posts 601. referring to fig. 6b, the tops of the posts 601 are inclined inwardly, and the area enclosed by the tops of the four posts 601 is smaller than the area of the container. Thus, the tops of the four posts 601 can support one container. The container is placed on top of the stanchion 601. In the process of container transfer, if the container on the transfer platform is full, the second trolley can place the container transferred by the ground transportation equipment on the storage support firstly, and then transfer the container to the transfer platform after the transfer platform is idle. Or, if the ground transportation equipment is saturated, the containers are loaded by the ground transportation equipment temporarily, the containers transferred from the transfer platform can be placed on the storage support by the second trolley, and when the ground transportation equipment can be used, the containers are transferred to the ground transportation equipment.
Figure 7 discloses an arrangement of shore loading and unloading facilities according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, the shore loading and unloading facility includes a shore crane 701 and a ground transport facility 702. The shore crane 701 has a container steering device that rotates the container from a first direction to a second direction, or from the second direction to the first direction. The ground transport equipment loads the container to move, the ground transport equipment 702 stays below the tail part of the shore crane along the second direction, and the shore crane 701 carries out container loading and unloading with the ground transport equipment 702, wherein the container is along the second direction. The first direction is a direction parallel to the shore and the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the shore. In the embodiment shown in fig. 7, several shore cranes 701 are arranged side by side in a first direction. And, several ground transport equipments 702 can be parked side by side under the tail of each shore crane 701, and several ground transport equipments 702 are arranged side by side along the first direction. In one embodiment, the ground transport 702 may be a truck, shuttle, or AGV.
The invention also provides a loading and unloading method of the container, and the shore loading and unloading equipment is used. Specifically, a method of loading and a method of unloading are included.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for loading a ship, using the shore loading and unloading apparatus, including:
the ground transportation equipment carries the container to drive into the lower part of the tail part of the shore crane, and the ground transportation equipment stays along the second direction;
the shore crane lifts the container along the second direction from the ground transportation equipment, turns to the first direction and then loads the container onto the ship. The second trolley of the shore crane can move laterally to align to ground transportation equipment needing operation, and after the container is hoisted, the container is turned to the first direction from the second direction by the container turning device and is transferred to the transfer platform. The containers are then transferred from the transfer platform to the ship by the first trolley.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an unloading method using the shore loading and unloading apparatus, including:
the ground transportation equipment drives into the lower part of the tail part of the shore crane in an idle load manner, and the ground transportation equipment stays along the second direction;
the shore crane lifts the container from the vessel in a first direction, turns to a second direction and loads onto the ground transport equipment. Wherein the first trolley of the shore crane transfers the container from the ship to the transfer platform. The second trolley then lifts the container from the transfer platform, turns the container from the first orientation to the second orientation, moves laterally to align the ground transport equipment to be serviced, and transfers the container to the ground transport equipment.
The shore loading and unloading equipment and the loading and unloading method realize the steering of the container on the shore crane, avoid the steering of ground transportation equipment, save the space required by the steering path of the ground transportation equipment, improve the space utilization rate of the container terminal and effectively improve the integral loading and unloading efficiency of the container terminal.
The embodiments described above are provided to enable persons skilled in the art to make or use the invention and that modifications or variations can be made to the embodiments described above by persons skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, so that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described above but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the innovative features set forth in the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A shore-side loading and unloading facility, comprising:
the shore crane is provided with a container steering device which rotates the container from the first direction to the second direction or rotates the container from the second direction to the first direction;
the ground transportation equipment is used for loading and moving the container, stays below the tail part of the shore crane along a second direction, and the shore crane and the ground transportation equipment are used for loading and unloading the container, wherein the container is along the second direction;
wherein the first direction is a direction parallel to the shore and the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the shore.
2. The shore loading/unloading facility of claim 1 wherein the main beam of the shore crane is in a second orientation, the shore crane having a first trolley for transferring containers between the vessel and the transfer platform, a second trolley for transferring containers between the transfer platform and the ground transportation facility, and a transfer platform; the first trolley, the transfer platform and the containers on the ship are arranged along a first direction, and the container steering device is arranged on the second trolley.
3. The shore loading and unloading facility of claim 2 wherein said container steering means is a steering mechanism mounted on the second trolley, the steering mechanism driving the upper carriage and spreader of the second trolley in rotation.
4. The shore loading and unloading facility of claim 2 wherein said upper frame of said second trolley is a bogie, said bogie having steering capability.
5. The shore loading/unloading facility of claim 2 wherein said second carriage has a side shifting mechanism thereon, said side shifting mechanism moving said upper frame and said spreader of said second carriage in a first direction.
6. The shore loading/unloading facility of claim 5 wherein a plurality of ground transport facilities are held in parallel beneath the rear of the shore crane and the side shift mechanism moves the upper frame and spreader of the second carriage side to align with one of the ground transport facilities.
7. The shore loading and unloading facility of claim 6 further comprising a storage rack disposed within the operational range of the second cart for transferring containers between the storage rack and the ground transport facility or between the storage rack and the transfer platform.
8. The shore loading and unloading installation according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of shore cranes are arranged side by side in the first direction.
9. A method of loading a ship using a shore loading and unloading installation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
the ground transportation equipment carries the container to drive into the lower part of the tail part of the shore crane, and the ground transportation equipment stays along the second direction;
the shore crane lifts the container along the second direction from the ground transportation equipment, turns to the first direction and then loads the container onto the ship.
10. A method of unloading a ship using the shore loading and unloading apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
the ground transportation equipment drives into the lower part of the tail part of the shore crane in an idle load manner, and the ground transportation equipment stays along the second direction;
the shore crane lifts the container from the vessel in a first direction, turns to a second direction and loads onto the ground transport equipment.
CN201710691170.2A 2017-08-14 2017-08-14 Shore loading and unloading equipment and loading and unloading method Active CN107399621B (en)

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CN109353935B (en) * 2018-12-17 2024-03-12 上海振华重工(集团)股份有限公司 Transfer platform of bank container crane
CN114275564A (en) * 2022-02-08 2022-04-05 上海振华重工(集团)股份有限公司 Loading and unloading method for container wharf front horizontal transportation non-parallel to shoreline
CN115180425A (en) * 2022-06-29 2022-10-14 青岛港国际股份有限公司 Storage yard interaction system and storage yard interaction method

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