CN107397886A - 用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107397886A CN107397886A CN201710674448.5A CN201710674448A CN107397886A CN 107397886 A CN107397886 A CN 107397886A CN 201710674448 A CN201710674448 A CN 201710674448A CN 107397886 A CN107397886 A CN 107397886A
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Abstract
本发明公开了用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物,是由按照重量份计的以下组分制备得到的:白头翁180‑220份,大黄135‑165份,山银花90‑110份,血见愁90‑110份,川芎90‑110份,紫花地丁90‑110份,白及90‑110份,木香55‑65份,炙甘草55‑65份;并提供了其制备方法和应用。本发明的有益效果为:1、本发明的中药组合物具有清热解毒、凉血止血、健脾化湿、和胃止泻的功能;2、本发明采用中医兽医疗法,采用纯中药组分,口服下列中药,仔猪食用后治愈快,无副作用,有利于仔猪的生长;3、本发明的中药药液调制简单、使用方便,原料成本低廉,用后无毒性反应、治愈率也高、无残留,是一种理想的治疗仔猪血痢的药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及兽用中药组合物技术领域,具体涉及用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
仔猪红痢亦称猪梭菌性肠炎或仔猪传染性坏死性肠炎,是由C型产气荚膜梭菌或A型魏氏梭菌引起的初生仔猪的急性传染病。主要引起的1周龄以内的仔猪发生高度致死性的坏死性肠炎。此细菌广泛分布于自然界,病原菌常存在于发病母猪的肠道内。发病母猪是主要的传染源,病原菌随粪便排出体外,仔猪接触母猪污染的乳头、垫草和泥土,将细菌芽胞吞入胃肠道中,其产生大量毒素引起发病。各窝仔猪发病率不同,最高可达100%,死亡率也不同,一般在20%-70%,高的近100%。临诊表现为出血性下痢、肠坏死。病程短,病死率高,给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。
发病仔猪发病后精神沉郁,体弱,低头、弓背,体温升高到40~4l℃左右,下痢,粪便中混有血液,大多数发病仔猪出现腹痛症状,发生剧烈下痢,初期下痢为黑色并混有大量泥糊样粪便。中期患病仔猪排粪时用力努责后流出少许粪便,污染其后躯和腿部,患病仔猪喜饮水。后期下痢呈喷射状,粪便内混有多量血液,患病仔猪迅速出现脱水症状,眼球下陷,口渴喜饮,严重衰竭。有经1~5天死亡,病死的仔猪身上沾满粪污,脱水,消瘦。病猪尸体明显脱水。剖检主要可见出血性肠炎,大肠壁明显肿胀,粘膜高度出血,肠内容物软而稀薄,充满粘液和血液。肠系膜淋巴结肿胀,胃底部粘膜充血,其它脏器无明显病变。镜检肠腔分泌物,发现大量猪痢疾螺旋体。有的经二星期康复。有些仔猪痊愈很慢,以致生长发育受到障碍,而变为僵猪,给生产上造成很大损失。
本病严重影响仔猪的生长发育。因此,在生产实践中,仔猪红痢的防制应被视为养猪疾病防制工作的重中之重。仔猪红痢目前临床上主要使用抗生素治疗,抗生素虽然可以抑制或杀灭许多致病性大肠杆菌,但机体肠道除了致病性大肠杆菌外,还有大量的非致病性菌群,它们对机体的正常新陈代谢具有非常重要的作用,盲目使用抗生素也将抑制或杀灭许多非致病性菌群,并破坏其组成结构,严重影响机体的消化功能而加重病情; 另外长期大量使用抗生素易产生抗药性。大肆滥用化药、抗生素及单体药物,既产生多元抗药和受体超敏等诸多药源性疾病,又造成畜禽产品污染,危及人类食品卫生安全。中药来源于动物、植物和矿物质,含有多种生物有效成分,其中大多数中药是以天然植物为原料,资源丰富,容易获取,效果良好,价格低廉,毒副作用微小,几乎无残留,无抗药性,不污染环境。因此,选用中药制剂替代化药、抗生素显得尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对上述现有技术中的缺陷,提供了一种治愈率高、毒副作用小、不易产生耐药性的用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案为:用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物,是由按照重量份计的以下组分制备得到的:白头翁180-220份,大黄135-165份,山银花90-110份,血见愁90-110份,川芎90-110份,紫花地丁90-110份,白及90-110份,木香55-65份,炙甘草55-65份。
进一步的,上述的用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物,是由按照重量份计的以下组分制备得到的:白头翁200份,大黄150份,山银花100份,血见愁100份,川芎100份,紫花地丁100份,白及100份,木香60份,炙甘草60份。
本发明的第二个目的,是提供了上述用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物的制备方法,是按重量份数取各组分,加水煎煮2次,第一次120分钟,第二次90分钟,第一次加药材组分总重量10-12倍量的水,第二次加药材组分总重量8-10倍量的水,合并煎液,滤过,滤液静置24小时,取上清液减压低温浓缩至相对密度为1.00~1.10,减压压强为-0.5kpa,温度为50-60℃,加乙醇至含醇量为85%,放置,滤过,采用蒸馏法回收乙醇,加水至相对密度为1.00~1.10,得到药液,再药液中加入山梨酸钾,加入量为每kg药液加2g山梨酸钾,混均,冷却8h,滤过,用棕色无菌聚酯瓶分装,100℃流通蒸汽处理30分钟,即得到所述中药组合物。
本发明的第二个目的,是提供了上述用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物在制备用于防治仔猪红痢的药物中的应用。
进一步的,上述的应用,所述用于防治仔猪红痢的药物,包含有用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物及药学上可接受的辅料。
进一步的,上述的应用,所述用于防治仔猪红痢的药物,药物剂型为口服液。
本发明的复方药物其中:
白头翁:味苦,性寒,归胃经、大肠经;有凉血止痢、清热解毒、燥湿杀虫之功效。主治热毒血痢,大便有脓血或纯血,里急后重兼有发热,腹痛,湿热带下,温疟寒热等症。
大黄:味苦,性寒。归脾、胃、大肠经。有泻热通肠,凉血解毒,逐瘀通经之功效。用于实热便秘,积滞腹痛,泻痢不爽,肠痈腹痛,痈肿疔疮,上消化道出血等症。
山银花:味甘,寒。归肺,心、胃经。有清热解毒,疏散风热之功效。用于治疗痈肿疗疮,热毒血痢,丹毒等症。
血见愁:味辛,性平。归肝、大肠经。有清热解毒,凉血止血,利湿退黄之功效。用于痢疾,泄泻,便血,崩漏,疮疖痈肿,湿热黄疸等症。
川芎:味辛,性温。归入肝、脾、三焦三经。有行气开郁,祛风燥湿,活血止痛之功效。用于治疗头痛旋晕,胁痛腹疼,痈疽疮疡。用于月经不调,经闭痛经,症瘕腹痛,胸胁刺痛,跌扑肿痛,头痛,风湿痹痛。抗菌作用等体外试验证明川芎对大肠、痢疾、变形、绿脓、伤寒、副伤寒杆菌及霍乱弧菌等有抑制作用。《本草纲目》记载:“有燥湿,止泻痢,行气开郁之功效”。
紫花地丁:味苦、微辛,性寒。归心、肝经。具有清热解毒、凉血消肿、清热利湿的功效。用于治疔疮痈肿、肠痈,湿热与泻痢,痄腮,瘰疬,丹毒,乳痈,黄疸等症。
白及:味苦、微辛,性微寒。归肺、胃、肾经。有化瘀止血,补肺生肌之功效。用于治疗咳血、吐血、肠道出血、便血,外敷痈肿,烫伤,皮肤燥裂等症。
木香:味辛、苦,性温。归脾、胃、大肠、三焦、胆经。有行气止痛,健脾消食功效。用于胸脘胀痛,泻痢后重,食积不消,不思饮食。煨木香实肠止泻。用于泄泻腹痛。
炙甘草:性平、味平.入心、肺、脾、胃经。有补脾益气、清热解毒、缓急止痛、调和诸药之功效。
本发明药物是以用白头翁凉血止痢、清热解毒、燥湿杀虫,《伤寒蕴要》记载:“热毒下痢紫血鲜血者宜之”。《纲目拾遗》记载:“去肠垢,消积滞”,为治疗此证君药。大黄苦寒泻热,通肠,攻积导滞,凉血解毒,荡涤胃肠中湿热疫毒,腐败之物,充分体现中兽医“通因通用”的治疗原则,可助白头翁凉血止痢之力,却无留邪之弊;山银花清热解毒,疏散风热;川芎行气开郁,祛风燥湿,活血止痛;血见愁清热解毒,凉血止血,利湿,能治湿热血痢;紫花地丁清热解毒、凉血消肿、清热利湿,以上五药共为臣药,加强白头翁清热解毒凉血,祛湿止痢之功效。白及行瘀止血,补肠生肌,用于治疗肠道出血、便血。木香行气导滞止痛,健脾消食,治疗泻痢后重,食积不消,泄泻腹痛;以上二药是为佐药,意在“行血则便脓自愈,调气则后重自除”。炙甘草益气和中缓急,补益脾胃并能解诸药之毒,又能缓和诸药辛烈之性为使,诸药共用,使湿热得清,疫毒得解,积滞得消,气血调顺,标本兼治,则邪逆自除,痢疾自止矣。
本发明药品具有清热解毒、凉血止血、化湿止泻的功能。组方充分参照中兽医八纲、脏腑辨证理论,气血同治,用药精专,配伍谨严,体现了用药如用兵,用兵之道在于精,用药之道在于纯的组方特性。
仔猪红痢多发生于夏秋季节,仔猪脾胃虚弱,运化功能不强,又大多有贪凉和进食腐馊食物等情况,故认为本病主要由于感受湿秽疫毒之气及饮食不洁所致。中兽医认为本病的发生主要是:(1)感受时邪:夏秋之季,湿邪蒸腾,若调摄失宜,感受湿热秽浊疫疠之气,疫毒之邪秽气,郁遏中焦,均能使脾胃受伤,运化失常,气机不利,升降失司,清浊相干,气血凝结、挟糟粕积滞,乱于肠胃而成泄泻,疫毒之气熏灼肠道,损伤肠道而下利脓血。(2)仔猪年幼,脾胃虚弱,运化功能不强,不能受纳水谷和运化精微,水谷停滞,清浊不分,混杂而下,遂成泄泻。如《景岳全书•泄泻》篇所谓:“泄泻之本,无不由于脾胃”。
综上所述,本病主要是因仔猪脏腑娇嫩,形气未充或先天发育不良,后天营养不足,导致仔猪脾胃虚弱和抵抗力下降,感受湿秽疫毒之气,湿热毒邪乘虚侵入脾胃,湿毒困脾,脾胃气虚,中阳不振,而致气机凝滞,升降逆乱,脾主运运化而升清阳,胃主受纳而降浊阴,今中虚有湿,升降失职,故为下利腹痛,不欲饮食;脾胃的消化吸收功能发生障碍,清浊不分 混杂而下,湿热下迫,大小肠泌别失职,水湿不能分利而成泄泻,故粪稀、腥臭,或毒滞肠中,使肠道气血阻滞,化为脓白,故下痢带脓。故治宜清热解毒、凉血止血、健脾化湿、和胃止泻。法不在止痢,而重在解疫排毒,调畅气血,前人有“痢无止法”之说,故不可用收敛涩肠治痢之法,谨防“闭门留寇”之祸。
本方剂由白头翁、大黄、山银花、血见愁、川芎等中药浓缩而成,具有清热解毒、凉血止血、健脾化湿、和胃止泻的功能。达到治疗仔猪红痢的目的。
现代兽医药理研究和临床长期应用的实践证明,中药具有整体疗效高,不易产生耐药性,残留低,毒副作用小等优点,其对许多细菌病原的生长与繁殖具有显著的抑制作用,甚至达到杀灭病原的药理效果。本发明根据仔猪红痢的的病因,发病机制,临床病理和药物作用机理,进行中药复方防治仔猪红痢,研制开发出疗效显著,质量可靠,应用方便,价格低廉的中药复方制剂,并在养猪生产中推广应用,对于促进养猪业的健康发展具有十分重要的经济和社会意义。
本发明的有益效果为:
1、本发明的中药组合物具有清热解毒、凉血止血、健脾化湿、和胃止泻的功能;
2、本发明采用中医兽医疗法,采用纯中药组分,口服下列中药,仔猪食用后治愈快,无副作用,有利于仔猪的生长;
3、本发明的中药药液调制简单、使用方便,原料成本低廉,用后无毒性反应、治愈率也高、无残留,是一种理想的治疗仔猪血痢的药物。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物,是由按照重量计的以下组分制备得到的:白头翁180g,大黄135g,山银花90g,血见愁90g,川芎90g,紫花地丁90g,白及90g,木香55g,炙甘草55g。
其制备方法,是按重量取各组分,加水煎煮2次,第一次120分钟,第二次90分钟,第一次加药材组分总重量10倍量的水,第二次加药材组分总重量8倍量的水,合并煎液,滤过,滤液静置24小时,取上清液减压低温浓缩至相对密度为1.00,减压压强为-0.5kpa,温度为50℃,加乙醇至含醇量为85%,放置,滤过,采用蒸馏法回收乙醇,加水至相对密度为1.00,得到药液,再药液中加入山梨酸钾,加入量为每kg药液加2g山梨酸钾,混均,冷却8h,滤过,用棕色无菌聚酯瓶分装,100℃流通蒸汽处理30分钟,即得到所述中药组合物;蒸馏法,实验室现常用设备为旋转蒸发仪;工厂生产用酒精回收塔。
本发明的药物在具体使用时可直接供仔猪灌服。
本发明的药物的使用量为:治疗量:仔猪、3ml/kg﹒BW、1次/d、连用5天;预防量:仔猪、1ml/kg﹒BW、1次/d、连用5天。
实施例2:
用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物,是由按照重量计的以下组分制备得到的:白头翁220g,大黄165g,山银花110g,血见愁110g,川芎110g,紫花地丁110g,白及110g,木香65g,炙甘草65g。
其制备方法,是按重量取各组分,加水煎煮2次,第一次120分钟,第二次90分钟,第一次加药材组分总重量12倍量的水,第二次加药材组分总重量10倍量的水,合并煎液,滤过,滤液静置24小时,取上清液减压低温浓缩至相对密度为1.10,减压压强为-0.5kpa,温度为60℃,加乙醇至含醇量为85%,放置,滤过,采用蒸馏法回收乙醇,加水至相对密度为1.10,得到药液,再药液中加入山梨酸钾,加入量为每kg药液加2g山梨酸钾,混均,冷却8h,滤过,用棕色无菌聚酯瓶分装,100℃流通蒸汽处理30分钟,即得到所述中药组合物;蒸馏法,实验室现常用设备为旋转蒸发仪;工厂生产用酒精回收塔。
本发明的药物在具体使用时可直接供仔猪灌服。
本发明的药物的使用量为:治疗量:仔猪、3ml/kg﹒BW、1次/d、连用5天;预防量:仔猪、1ml/kg﹒BW、1次/d、连用5天。
实施例3:
用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物,是由按照重量计的以下组分制备得到的:白头翁200g,大黄150g,山银花100g,血见愁100g,川芎100g,紫花地丁100g,白及100g,木香60g,炙甘草60g。
其制备方法,是按重量取各组分,加水煎煮2次,第一次120分钟,第二次90分钟,第一次加药材组分总重量11倍量的水,第二次加药材组分总重量9倍量的水,合并煎液,滤过,滤液静置24小时,取上清液减压低温浓缩至相对密度为1.05,减压压强为-0.5kpa,温度为55℃,加乙醇至含醇量为85%,放置,滤过,采用蒸馏法回收乙醇,加水至相对密度为1.05,得到药液,再药液中加入山梨酸钾,加入量为每kg药液加2g山梨酸钾,混均,冷却8h,滤过,用棕色无菌聚酯瓶分装,100℃流通蒸汽处理30分钟,即得到所述中药组合物;蒸馏法,实验室现常用设备为旋转蒸发仪;工厂生产用酒精回收塔。
本发明的药物在具体使用时可直接供仔猪灌服。
本发明的药物的使用量为:治疗量:仔猪、3ml/kg﹒BW、1次/d、连用5天;预防量:仔猪、1ml/kg﹒BW、1次/d、连用5天。
实施例4:
本发明中药组合物应用实施例(以实施例3数据为例):
1)治疗试验:
本实施例采用随机双盲试验法进行了不同剂量治疗自然发病的仔猪血痢治疗试验,并选用青霉素注射粉针+0.5%地塞米松+VC阳性药物为阳性药物对照组。观察本发明对仔猪血痢治疗作用,以探讨其在畜禽生产中应用的可行性。
对自然发病的仔猪血痢的治疗试验:将自然发病经临床诊断和实验室诊断确诊仔猪血痢的发病仔猪 随机分为5组,每组40只。第1-3组为采用本发明药物治疗组(分别设低、中、高剂量三个组);第4组为青霉素注射粉针+0.5%地塞米松+VC阳性药物对照组;第5组为阳性对照组(感染,不给药)。分别隔离饲养,详细记录病仔猪 的症状、治愈、死亡等情况。
给药方法、用药时间:药物1组:每只仔猪每日饲喂本发明的药物5ml/kg﹒BW,连喂5天;药物2组:每只仔猪每日饲喂本发明的药物3ml/kg﹒BW,连喂3天;药物3组:每只仔猪每日饲喂本发明的药物1ml/kg﹒BW,连喂5天。阳性药物对照组:每只仔猪每日使用青霉素8万单位+0.5%地塞米松3 mg/(kg·bw)+VC 5 mL/(kg·bw), 分别肌肉注射,2~3 次/d,连喂5天;阳性对照组:不给药。
实验结果:
治疗组喂药24h后,药物组病仔猪的精神比阳性对照组要好,36 h后统计死亡数,药物组病仔猪比阳性对照组死亡数明显少;48h后观察,药物各组出现不同程度的好转,阳性对照组仍有陆续死亡发生。3d后,药物组发病仔猪的精神、食欲大有好转(从吃奶量、喂料量增多看出),粪便正常。
试验统计结果表明本发明药物高剂量治疗组40只仔猪中,有35只痊愈,5只仍拉稀,但没有死亡,治愈率为87.5%;中剂量治疗组40只仔猪中,有33只痊愈,7只仍拉稀,但没有死亡,治愈率为82.5%;低剂量治疗组40只仔猪中,有29只痊愈,8只仍拉稀,死亡3只,治愈率为72.5%;青霉素注射粉针+0.5%地塞米松+VC治疗组(对照组)40只仔猪中,有32只痊愈,4只仍拉稀,并有4只死亡,治愈率为80.0%;阳性对照组(不给药)40只仔猪中,有20只仍拉稀,并有20只死亡,高、中剂量治疗组死亡率为0.0%,且治疗组病仔猪较对照组病仔猪,表现为症状减轻,病程缩短,实验证明本发明高、中、低剂量对仔猪血痢病都有治疗作用,能缓解症状,降低死亡率,且高、中剂量在降低死亡率,提高治愈率等方面均优于青霉素注射粉针+0.5%地塞米松+VC阳性药物的效果。高、中剂量本发明都可以达到治病、提高存活率的效果,且两者在0.05水平上无差异,故临床使用时可采用中剂量,这样既经济疗效又显著。
)预防试验:
在疫情发生的仔猪场,将100只健康未发病仔猪 随机分为2组,每组50只,第1组为药物预防组;第2组为对照组;第1组每只仔猪每日灌服本发明药物10ml(连喂7天;第2组不添加;两组仔猪其它措施皆按仔猪正常消毒免疫程序。
结果表明:药物预防组仔猪血痢的发病率为3.0%,对照组发病率为75.0%,且药物组发病仔猪的精神、食欲皆优于对照组,患病症状也较对照组轻。预防组在发病后给与治疗后,治愈率为86.0%;而对照组为67.0%。
从试验结果来看,本发明具有清热解毒、收敛固涩、健脾化湿、凉血止血、和胃止泻的功能。在临床试验过程中未发现该药有不良反应。高、中、低剂量对仔猪血痢病有较好的治疗效果。低剂量组的治疗效果低于高、中剂量组,中、高剂量组在死亡率、治愈率和总有效率方面均无显著性差异。应根据病情的轻重和治疗成本,建议临床应用以中(3ml/kg﹒BW、1次/d)为好,连用5天。
本发明的药物按照上市包装条件,于温度:40℃±2℃,相对湿度:75%±5%条件下加速实验3个月,质量无明显变化。于温度:25℃±2℃相对湿度:60%±10%条件下长期试验24个月,质量无明显变化。上述试验结果表明,本发明的药物在规定条件下贮藏质量稳定。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物,其特征在于,是由按照重量份计的以下组分制备得到的:白头翁180-220份,大黄135-165份,山银花90-110份,血见愁90-110份,川芎90-110份,紫花地丁90-110份,白及90-110份,木香55-65份,炙甘草55-65份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物,其特征在于,是由按照重量份计的以下组分制备得到的:白头翁200份,大黄150份,山银花100份,血见愁100份,川芎100份,紫花地丁100份,白及100份,木香60份,炙甘草60份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,是按重量份数取各组分,加水煎煮2次,第一次120分钟,第二次90分钟,第一次加药材组分总重量10-12倍量的水,第二次加药材组分总重量8-10倍量的水,合并煎液,滤过,滤液静置24小时,取上清液减压低温浓缩至相对密度为1.00~1.10,减压压强为-0.5kpa,温度为50-60℃,加乙醇至含醇量为85%,放置,滤过,采用蒸馏法回收乙醇,加水至相对密度为1.00~1.10,得到药液,再药液中加入山梨酸钾,加入量为每kg药液加2g山梨酸钾,混均,冷却8h,滤过,用棕色无菌聚酯瓶分装,100℃流通蒸汽处理30分钟,即得到所述中药组合物。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物在制备用于防治仔猪红痢的药物中的应用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述用于防治仔猪红痢的药物,包含有用于防治仔猪红痢的中药组合物及药学上可接受的辅料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述用于防治仔猪红痢的药物,药物剂型为口服液。
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