CN107394416B - Intelligent skin antenna capable of adaptively changing radiation and scattering characteristics - Google Patents
Intelligent skin antenna capable of adaptively changing radiation and scattering characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/34—Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent skin antenna capable of adaptively changing radiation and scattering characteristics, and aims to provide an intelligent skin antenna capable of sensing an external electromagnetic environment and regulating and controlling the radiation/scattering characteristics in real time. The scheme of the invention is as follows: the Wearable sensor sends the presence or absence of a radar wave monitoring result to the single-chip microcomputer control unit through the multiplexer, the single-chip microcomputer control unit judges a radiation/scattering mode according to TTL high and low levels of address codes corresponding to each channel of the multiplexer, redistributes the radiation/scattering performance of the antenna as required, controls a power supply to apply different voltage values to polyaniline conductive polymers to obtain wave-transparent radiation of the intelligent skin antenna or subsection absorption of the radar wave, calculates a weight value obtained through a cloud genetic algorithm in advance into an amplitude/phase control code to be sent to the active antenna array to achieve low sidelobe needle-shaped wave beams in the radiation mode, applies different voltage values to an electro-variable skin wave-transparent layer to achieve wave absorption in the scattering mode, and achieves low interception probability and low observability in a self-adaptive mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for realizing a self-adaptive skin antenna which can sense intelligently and has low interception and low observability in the technical field of electronics.
Background
With the continuous development of stealth technology, the reduction of the radar scattering cross section (RCS) of the antenna becomes a key for realizing the electromagnetic stealth characteristic of the low scattering platform. The skin antenna is an important technical direction for RCS reduction of the antenna, and cavity scattering is a problem which is difficult to avoid by the skin antenna. Conventional antennas mounted on the surface of an aircraft not only affect the aerodynamic profile of the aircraft, but also greatly reduce the stealth performance of the aircraft. The installation and fixation of the traditional large-aperture antenna on an aircraft are outstanding problems, firstly, the space of a platform is limited, and a large planar antenna can be hardly installed; secondly, when the high-speed aircraft platform flies in a maneuvering way, the beams of the planar array are difficult to ensure the scanning and the detection of a specific direction. The conformal array antenna not only does not change the aerodynamic performance of the carrier and is convenient to install, but also can effectively reduce the RCS of the aircraft and improve the stealth performance. The conformal load-bearing antenna (CLAS) which is recently developed can well solve the aerodynamic problem of an airborne platform, however, the CLAS only considers the conformal design and aerodynamic characteristics of an airplane skin, does not relate to the intellectualization of the antenna in terms of performance, and cannot adaptively change the radiation and scattering characteristics of the antenna along with the change of an electromagnetic environment.
The intelligent skin is an intelligent structure embedded in a shell of a spacecraft, a warship or a submarine, comprises an antenna, a microprocessing control system and a driving element, and can be used for monitoring, early warning, stealth, communication, fire control and the like. The intelligent skin antenna is a novel CLAS with external electromagnetic environment sensing capability. In order to realize intellectualization of the intelligent skin antenna, a plurality of layers of composite dielectric materials which are conformal with the surface of a carrier are required to be adopted, and a large number of metal patches, sensors, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), TR circuits, feed networks, transmission devices and thermal control devices which are in different shapes or are periodically arranged are embedded among the layers in the pre-installation stage of the composite materials, so that a multi-layer conformal array structure with a complex structure is formed. The intelligent skin antenna is beneficial to the aerodynamic/stealth integrated design of an aircraft from the structural aspect, and more importantly, the intelligent skin antenna can adaptively regulate and control the performance index of the antenna. The novel intelligent skin antenna jointly developed by the U.S. Nuo Springs company and the TRW company adopts the technology of pressing different types of composite materials into thin sheets, so that the communication distance of the novel intelligent skin antenna is improved by more than 5 times compared with a standard antenna, the novel antenna is completely embedded on the surface of an aircraft, the flying weight and resistance of the aircraft can be effectively reduced, and the reflection area of the radar is reduced, but the radiation and scattering characteristics of the antenna can not be changed in a self-adaptive manner according to the change of the external electromagnetic environment.
As is known, when an antenna performs active detection or communication, the main target of countermeasure is an interception and reception system, and the radiation characteristic of the antenna must be flexibly controlled to make the antenna in a low interception probability (LPI); when performing passive detection, the main object of the countermeasure is the active detection system, which has to control the scattering properties of the antenna to put itself in a low observable property (LO). For aerospace vehicle platforms, the antenna system on the platform contributes significantly to the RCS. The traditional antenna stealth technology mainly focuses on the reduction of RCS, and the radiation/scattering characteristics of the antenna cannot be adjusted in real time according to the change of the external electromagnetic environment. With the increasing sophistication and opposition of modern electromagnetic environments, conventional antenna cloaking techniques that focus solely on the RCS criteria have failed to meet the dual goals of good antenna radiation/scattering. The antenna must ensure normal transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves of the antenna, so that the traditional stealth measures cannot be simply applied to the low interception probability (LPI) and low observable property (LO) of the antenna, and the adaptive skin antenna with the radiation and scattering capabilities becomes a difficult problem to be solved urgently in the aircraft stealth technology.
Through examining a large amount of domestic and foreign documents, it can be found that people in the early stage reduce the backscattering field of the antenna by adjusting the load impedance of the antenna, but such adjustment can affect the radiation performance of the antenna, and recently typical representatives are:
in the technical report of the 'RCS reduction method research for array antenna using pitch optimization' published by the university of electrical and scientific technology in west ann, 2010, in the billows et al, the radiation performance and scattering characteristics of the array antenna are optimized by adjusting the array element pitch of the non-uniform array, and the RCS reduction of the array by more than 5dB can be achieved by using the method under the condition of ensuring that the gain loss of the array is very small.
Chinese patent ZL201310492003.7 discloses an embedded intelligent skin antenna, which adopts an optical fiber sensing network, a reconfigurable antenna and a reconfigurable feed network to realize the self-diagnosis of the working state of the skin antenna and the reconfiguration of the radiation performance of the antenna, ensures the radiation electrical performance of the embedded intelligent skin antenna, avoids the defect that the performance of the traditional array antenna is reduced or the traditional array antenna cannot be reused after partial subarrays are damaged, and solves the defect that the array gain loss of the traditional phased array antenna is overlarge in a large scanning angle.
In the literature of "a novel Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) with stable performance and application of a microstrip antenna thereof", published in physical science, 2014, Yuanyong et al, reports a high-performance frequency selective surface based on a fractal tree structure, and uses the high-performance frequency selective surface as a spatial filter of the microstrip antenna, wherein the spatial filter has the effects of improving the gain of a broadband antenna, enhancing the directivity of the antenna, improving the bandwidth of the antenna and reducing the RCS in the antenna band, and can be applied to improving the in-band radiation and scattering performance of the broadband antenna.
In the waveguide slot antenna disclosed in the literature of "waveguide slot antenna design having both high gain and broadband low scattering characteristics", which was published in 2014, zhao et al, the waveguide slot antenna is obtained by orthogonally arranging square patch artificial magnetic conductors etched with complementary open resonant rings to obtain a broadband low RCS reflecting screen and replacing an all-metal reflecting plate of an original antenna with the broadband low RCS reflecting screen, and by optimizing the loading mode of the reflecting screen, the RCS reduction in the nose cone direction of the antenna within a wide frequency domain range is realized while the working frequency band of the antenna is widened and the antenna gain is improved.
In the literature of "comprehensive optimization of radiation and scattering characteristics of an active phased array antenna based on electromechanical coupling", published in the electronics report, 2015, by royal thought and the like, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize the installation heights of all radiation units of a array plane so as to realize the balance design of the radiation performance and the scattering performance of the active phased array antenna.
The "Radiation and scattering of electromagnetic waves by a multielementary reflector-slot structure in a rectangular waveguide wide side" document published by IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 2015, S.L. Berdnik et al, studied the relationship between Radiation and scattering of transverse slots on the rectangular waveguide wide side, and the maximum Radiation of the slots was achieved by placing two variable metal posts inside the rectangular waveguide to tune the impedance.
In the document of the low-RCS EBG waveguide slot array antenna published by university of defense science and technology (university of defense in 2015), Mushroom Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) is studied and used in the design of waveguide slot array antennas, the band gap characteristic of the EBG is used to suppress surface waves in antenna arrays so as to improve the radiation performance of the antennas, and the in-phase reflection characteristic of the EBG is used to reduce RCS of the antennas, thereby realizing the compromise design of antenna radiation and scattering.
In 2016, the document "canceling and reducing antenna RCS by using antenna secondary radiation" published in the introduction, analyzes and discusses the scattering of antenna pattern items and the scattering of antenna structure items, and controls the scattering of antenna pattern items and the cancellation of antenna structure items by terminating load, so as to realize low RCS of the antenna in a specific angular domain.
A document of 'Coding differentiation measuring surface for ultra-wideband RCS reduction' published by Electronics Letters, 2017, H.Zhang et al adopts two metal square ring patches with different sizes as basic units, the basic units with each size form a square lattice according to 8 multiplied by 8, and a layout with different square lattice arrangements is generated through a particle swarm optimization algorithm to realize the stealth design of a platform carrier (such as a stealth aircraft), but the design method is not suitable for the stealth design of an antenna.
In general, the radiation and scattering comprehensive design technology of the antenna reported in the literature at home and abroad at present has the defect that the radiation characteristic and the scattering characteristic of the antenna cannot be adaptively changed according to the change of the external electromagnetic environment. Therefore, for an antenna system, how to accurately sense the change of an external electromagnetic environment, flexibly select a processing strategy, adaptively change the radiation characteristic and the scattering characteristic of the antenna, and realize low interception probability (LPI) and low observable characteristic (LO) of the antenna, there is no determined technical scheme at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the intelligent skin antenna which can sense the external electromagnetic environment in real time, regulate and control the radiation/scattering characteristics of the antenna in real time according to the change of the external electromagnetic environment and change the radiation and scattering characteristics of the antenna in a self-adaptive manner.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following means. A smart skin antenna with adaptively changing radiation and scattering characteristics, comprising: the device comprises an electro-variable skin wave-transparent layer 1, an active antenna array 2, a single-chip microcomputer control unit 3, a Wearable sensor 5, a multiplexer 6 and a power supply 4 for providing power supply requirements, and is characterized in that: each channel unit of the active antenna array 2 is integrated with an amplifier and a phase shifter which can realize amplitude/phase weighting to each radio frequency channel; the single chip microcomputer control unit 3 is provided with a field programmable gate array FPGA chip and a cloud genetic algorithm for storing weights of amplitude/phase control codes required by a plurality of low-side lobe acicular beams obtained in advance in a PROM chip of a programmable read-only memory, and the FPGA chip sends the amplitude/phase control codes obtained by calculating the weights stored in the PROM chip to an amplifier and a phase shifter of the active antenna array 2 so as to realize beam synthesis and beam scanning of the intelligent skin antenna; the multiplexer 6 is designed with a plurality of band-pass filtering channels corresponding to address codes of the singlechip control unit 3 according to different working frequency bands, the singlechip control unit 3 judges a radiation/scattering mode according to TTL high-low levels of the address codes corresponding to each channel of the multiplexer (6), redistributes the radiation/scattering performance of the antenna as required, controls the power supply 4 to apply different voltage values to the polyaniline conductive polymer of the electro-variable skin wave-transmitting layer 1, adjusts and controls the electromagnetic parameters of the polyaniline conductive polymer through external voltage, changes the wavelength of radar waves in the polymer, realizes the sectional absorption of wave-transmitting radiation of the intelligent skin antenna or target radar wave signals, completes low-sidelobe acicular wave beam scanning or RCS (radar cross section) of the antenna, and adaptively changes the radiation and scattering characteristics of the intelligent skin antenna.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the external electromagnetic environment can be sensed in real time. The invention adopts the Wearable sensor 5 to monitor the target radar wave, and sends the monitoring result to the single-chip microcomputer control unit 3 through the channels of the multifunctional device 6, the channel of each of the multiple devices 6 corresponds to an address code of the single-chip microcomputer control unit 3, the single-chip microcomputer control unit 3 judges whether the intelligent skin antenna works in a radiation mode or a scattering mode according to the TTL high-low level of the address code, and the low interception probability LPI and the low observable characteristic LO of the intelligent skin antenna are realized in a self-adaptive manner, so that the defects that the traditional stealth antenna cannot sense the external electromagnetic environment in real time and realize stealth and radiation in a self-adaptive manner are overcome.
The radiation/scattering characteristics of the antenna can be adjusted in real time according to the change of the external electromagnetic environment. The method adopts a cloud genetic algorithm to store the weight values of amplitude/phase control codes required by a plurality of low-side lobe acicular beams obtained in advance in a PROM chip, and the amplitude/phase control codes calculated by the weight values stored in the PROM chip are sent to an amplifier and a phase shifter of each radio frequency channel of an active antenna array 2 through an FPGA chip, so that beam synthesis and beam scanning of the intelligent skin antenna are realized; meanwhile, polyaniline conductive polymer is used as an electro-variable skin wave-transmitting layer 1 of the intelligent skin antenna, and different voltages are applied to the electro-variable skin wave-transmitting layer 1 through a control power supply 4 to adjust and control electromagnetic parameters of the polyaniline conductive polymer, so that the wavelength of radar waves in the polymer is changed, and wave-transmitting radiation of the intelligent skin antenna or sectional absorption of target radar wave signals are realized; the single-chip microcomputer control unit 3 judges whether the intelligent skin antenna works in a radiation mode or a scattering mode according to the TTL high-low level of the address code, and redistributes the radiation performance and the scattering performance of the antenna as required, so that the defect that the radiation/scattering characteristics of the antenna cannot be adjusted in real time according to the change of the external electromagnetic environment in the prior art is overcome.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the components of a radiation and scattering adaptive skin antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exemplary illustration of a low sidelobe pin beam synthesized in the scan direction in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an exemplary illustration of the low RCS curve of the inventive electro-variable skin wave-transparent layer 1 during operation.
In the figure: 1 an electro-variable skin wave-transparent layer, 2 an active antenna array, 3 a single-chip microcomputer control unit, 4 power supplies, 5 a week sensor and 6 multiplexers.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
See fig. 1. In the embodiments described below, a smart skin antenna for adaptively changing radiation and scattering characteristics, preferably a 32 x 32 arbitrary curved conformal array, comprises: the device comprises an electro-variable skin wave-transmitting layer 1, an active antenna array 2, a singlechip control unit 3 provided with an FPGA chip and a PROM chip, a Wearable sensor 5, a multiplexer 6 and a power supply 4 for providing power supply requirements, wherein the electro-variable skin wave-transmitting layer 1 is connected with the active antenna array 2 into a whole, each channel unit of the active antenna array 2 integrates an amplifier and a phase shifter for realizing amplitude/phase weighting on each radio frequency channel of the active antenna array 2 through a singlechip control unit 3, the electro-variable skin wave-transmitting layer 1 regulates and controls electromagnetic parameters of polyaniline conductive polymers through external voltage, so that the wavelength of radar waves in the polymers is changed, the singlechip control unit 3 controls the power supply 4 to apply different voltage values, and the wave-transmitting radiation of the intelligent skin antenna or the sectional absorption of target radar wave signals are realized; the Wearable sensor 5 monitors a target radar wave signal in real time, and sends the monitoring result to the singlechip control unit 3 through the multiplexer 6, wherein the multiplexer 6 is provided with a plurality of channels with band-pass filtering according to different working frequency bands; each channel corresponds to an address code of the single-chip microcomputer control unit 3, when no radar wave signal passes through all the channels with band-pass filtering, the TTL level of all the channel address codes of the single-chip microcomputer control unit 3 is low, and at the moment, the C8051F340 single-chip microcomputer in the single-chip microcomputer control unit 3 controls the intelligent skin antenna to work in a radiation mode; when any one of the channels with band-pass filtering has a radar wave signal, the TTL level of the channel address code corresponding to the single-chip microcomputer control unit 3 is high, and at this time, the C8051F340 single-chip microcomputer in the single-chip microcomputer control unit 3 controls the smart skin antenna to work in the scattering mode in the working frequency band corresponding to the channel address code. Specifically, if the smart skin antenna operates in the radiation mode, the single chip microcomputer control unit 3 controls the active antenna array 2, calculates the weight values of amplitude/phase control codes required by a plurality of low-sidelobe pin beams which are obtained in advance through a cloud genetic algorithm and stored in a PROM chip into the amplitude/phase control codes through an FPGA chip, and sends the amplitude/phase control codes to the amplifier and the phase shifter of each radio frequency channel of the active antenna array 2, so that beam synthesis and beam scanning of the smart skin antenna are realized, and low interception probability (LPI) of the smart skin antenna is completed. If the intelligent skin antenna works in a scattering mode, the FPGA chip of the singlechip control unit 3 identifies a specific working frequency band of a target radar wave signal according to a specific address code corresponding to a band-pass filtering channel of the multiplexer 6, controls the power supply 4 to output a specific voltage value of the working frequency band and supplies power to the electro-variable skin wave-transmitting layer 1, so that radar wave absorption of the corresponding working frequency band is realized, and low visual property (LO) of the intelligent skin antenna is realized.
In the scheme, the polyaniline conductive polymer of the electrochromic skin wave-transmitting layer 1 controls the power supply 4 to apply different voltage values through the singlechip control unit 3, so that the broadband radar wave absorption from 1GHz to 18GHz can be realized, and the segmented radar wave absorption is carried out according to 1GHz to 2GHz, 2GHz to 4GHz, 4GHz to 8GHz, 8GHz to 12GHz and 12GHz to 18 GHz.
In the above scheme, the multiplexer 6 designs 5 channels with bandpass filtering according to the working frequency bands of 1 GHz-2 GHz, 2 GHz-4 GHz, 4 GHz-8 GHz, 8 GHz-12 GHz, and 12 GHz-18 GHz, and each channel corresponds to an address code of the single chip control unit 3.
In the above scheme, the active antenna array 2 has an array size of mxn and is provided with mxn radio frequency channels, each radio frequency channel is respectively integrated with an amplifier and a phase shifter in the mxn radio frequency channels, the amplifier and the phase shifter of each radio frequency channel of the active antenna array 2 are controlled by the single-chip microcomputer control unit 3, and an amplitude/phase control code required by the low sidelobe pin beam of the active antenna array 2 is input in real time, where M, N is a natural number.
In the scheme, the singlechip control unit 3 integrates a C8051F340 singlechip, an FPGA chip and a PROM chip, wherein the C8051F340 singlechip is provided by SiliconLas, the FPGA chip and the PROM chip are provided by XILINX, the FPGA chip adopts an XQ4VLX25-10SF363M model, and the PROM chip adopts an XCF32PFSG48C model.
The detailed technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
first, in a preferred example, when designing a radiation and scattering adaptive smart skin antenna, according to the scale of any curved conformal array, a cloud genetic algorithm is first required to obtain a total number TMNThe excitation weight of each rf channel of the active antenna array 2 for each low sidelobe pin beam is as follows:
1) according to the far field superposition principle, the far field of any curved surface conformal array
Can be expressed as:
in the formula, wmnIs the excitation weight of the mn-th array element,
is the active element pattern vector for the mn-th array element,
is a condition of the spatial phase and,
to be at any point in space
Unit vector in direction, RmnIs the position coordinate of the mn-th array element relative to the center of the selected coordinate system. In order to realize the low sidelobe pin-shaped wave beam, a cloud genetic algorithm is adopted to obtain an excitation weight wmnFitness function Fit (w) ofmn) Comprises the following steps:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
is the far field pattern side lobe area of any curved conformal array,
is the wave beam scanning direction of the conformal array far-field directional diagram of any curved surface, SLL is the expected side lobe level value, A is the equivalent physical caliber of the conformal array of any curved surface, lambda is the working wavelength of the conformal array of any curved surface, mu1Is the tuning weight, mu, of the low side lobe pin beam side lobe level2Is the maximum gain tuning weight of an arbitrary curved conformal array in the scanning region, where mu1+μ21 and takes specific values as desired. In the example of the 32 × 32 arbitrary curved conformal array, μ1＝0.55，μ2＝0.45。
2) According to the fitness function Fit (w)mn) The excitation weight w of each array unit of the array directional diagram with the side lobe lower than SLL and the optimal array gain can be obtained in any angular domain by adopting a cloud genetic algorithmmnThe sampling interval of the array directional diagram is calculated according to the 3dB width of the array beam, the standard takes the minimum beam width BW of the array as the sampling scale, and the formula is as follows:
wherein d is the interval of the conformal array unit with any curved surface. In the 32 x 32 arbitrary curved conformal array example, d is 0.5 λ and SLL is-30 dB.
3) In that
θ0Total low side lobe pin beam pattern total T within 0-60 degMNIs composed of
Thereby obtaining the total number TMNEach array element of any curved conformal array capable of generating a low sidelobe pin beam patternMeta-excitation weight wmnAnd stored in a PROM chip. In the 32 x 32 arbitrary surface conformal array example, the total number TMN2166 total excitation weights w of 32 × 32mn2166 low sidelobe pin beam patterns can be generated.
Secondly, on the basis of finishing the first step, the week sensor 5 monitors the target radar waves in real time, if the week sensor 5 does not monitor the target radar wave signals, the TTL levels of the address codes of the single chip microcomputer control units 3 corresponding to all the channels of the band-pass filtering of the multiplexer 6 are low, and the single chip microcomputer control unit 3 controls the intelligent skin antenna to work in a radiation mode and executes the following work:
the singlechip control unit 3 integrates a singlechip, calls an excitation weight value which is stored in a PROM chip in advance and generated by adopting a cloud genetic algorithm, calculates amplitude/phase control codes required by an amplifier and a phase shifter of each radio frequency channel of the active antenna array 2 through the FPGA chip, realizes the spatial power synthesis of electromagnetic wave signals in a designated airspace direction, forms low-sidelobe needle-shaped beams, and completes the low interception probability (LPI) of the intelligent skin antenna. Specifically, the single chip microcomputer control unit 3 is provided with a C8051F340 single chip microcomputer, the C8051F340 single chip microcomputer controls the power supply 4 to not supply power to the electro-variable skin wave-transmitting layer 1, so that the electro-variable skin wave-transmitting layer 1 is in a wave-transmitting radiation state, meanwhile, the C8051F340 single chip microcomputer in the single chip microcomputer control unit 3 calls an excitation weight which is generated in advance through a cloud genetic algorithm and stored in a PROM chip, an amplitude/phase control code required by an amplifier and a phase shifter of each radio frequency channel of the active antenna array 2 is calculated through an FPGA chip, space power synthesis of an electromagnetic wave signal in a specified airspace direction is realized, a low minor lobe needle beam is formed, and low interception probability (LPI) of the smart skin antenna is completed.
See fig. 2. Low side lobe pin beams are synthesized in the scan direction, preferably in a 32 x 32 arbitrary curved conformal array, in the 0, 30, 60 degree directions.
And thirdly, executing the first step and the second step in parallel on the basis of finishing the first step, monitoring the target radar wave in real time by the Wearable sensor 5, if the Wearable sensor 5 monitors a target radar wave signal, setting the TTL level of the address code of the singlechip control unit 3 corresponding to one channel in all the band-pass filtering channels of the multiplexer 6 to be high, and controlling the intelligent skin antenna to work in a scattering mode by the singlechip control unit 3 and executing the following work:
1) the FPGA chip of the singlechip control unit 3 judges the specific working frequency band of the target radar wave signal according to the TTL high level of the address code corresponding to the specific channel of the multiplexer 6, and controls the power supply 4 to output the wave-absorbing voltage value of the specific frequency band to the wave-transmitting layer 1 of the electro-variable skin.
2) The wave-transmitting layer 1 of the electro-variable skin is used for realizing the radar wave absorption of the segmented frequency bands of 1 GHz-2 GHz, 2 GHz-4 GHz, 4 GHz-8 GHz, 8 GHz-12 GHz and 12 GHz-18 GHz in a one-to-one self-adaptive manner according to the specific applied voltage value, and realizing the low visual testing (LO) characteristic of the intelligent skin antenna.
See fig. 3. In the low radar scattering cross section (RCS) of the electrically variable skin wave-transparent layer 1 in operation, a 32 × 32 arbitrary curved surface conformal array is preferred.
And fourthly, monitoring signals of target radar waves in real time by a Wearable sensor 5 in the working states of the second step and the third step, and carrying out self-adaptive selection on a working mode by the singlechip control unit 3 according to the condition that the TTL levels of the address codes of the singlechip control unit 3 corresponding to all the band-pass filtering channels of the multiplexer 6 are low or the TTL level of the address code of the singlechip control unit 3 corresponding to one channel in all the band-pass filtering channels of the multiplexer 6 is high, so that the antenna can self-adaptively finish the radiation and scattering of electromagnetic waves, and the low interception probability (LPI) and the low observable property (LO) of the intelligent skin antenna are realized.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A smart skin antenna with adaptively changing radiation and scattering characteristics, comprising: the skin wave-transparent layer of electricity generation (1), active antenna array (2), singlechip control unit (3), week able sensor (5), multiplexer (6) to and power (4) that provide the power demand, its characterized in that: each channel unit of the active antenna array (2) is integrated with an amplifier and a phase shifter which can realize amplitude/phase weighting to each radio frequency channel; the singlechip control unit (3) is provided with a field programmable gate array FPGA chip and a cloud genetic algorithm for storing the weight of amplitude/phase control codes required by a plurality of low-side lobe acicular beams obtained in advance in a PROM chip of a programmable read-only memory, the singlechip control unit (3) integrates a singlechip to call the cloud genetic algorithm stored in the PROM chip in advance to generate an excitation weight, calculating amplitude/phase control codes required by amplifiers and phase shifters of each radio frequency channel of the active antenna array (2) through an FPGA chip, the spatial power synthesis of electromagnetic wave signals is realized in the appointed airspace direction, low-sidelobe pin-shaped wave beams are formed, amplitude/phase control codes calculated by weight values stored in a PROM chip are sent to amplifiers and phase shifters of each radio frequency channel of an active antenna array (2), and the wave beam synthesis and wave beam scanning of the intelligent skin antenna are realized; the Wearable sensor (5) monitors target radar waves, whether monitoring results pass through channels of the multiplexers (6) or not is sent to the single-chip microcomputer control unit (3), the channel of each multiplexer (6) corresponds to one address code of the single-chip microcomputer control unit (3), a plurality of band-pass filtering channels corresponding to the address code of the single-chip microcomputer control unit (3) are designed according to different working frequency bands, the single-chip microcomputer control unit (3) judges the radiation/scattering mode of the intelligent skin antenna according to the TTL high-low level of the address code corresponding to each channel of the multiplexers (6), the radiation/scattering performance of the antenna is redistributed according to the judgment result, the FPGA chip judges the specific working frequency band of the target radar wave signals according to the TTL high level of the address code corresponding to the specific channel of the multiplexer (6), and controls the power supply (4) to apply different voltage values to polyaniline conductive polymers of the electro-variable skin wave-transmitting layer (1), outputting a voltage value of wave absorption of a specific frequency band, adjusting and controlling electromagnetic parameters of polyaniline conductive polymers through an external voltage, changing the wavelength of radar waves in the polymers, realizing wave-transparent radiation of the intelligent skin antenna or segmented absorption of target radar wave signals, carrying out self-adaptive selection of a working mode according to the fact that the TTL level of address codes of a singlechip control unit (3) corresponding to all band-pass filtering channels of a multiplexer (6) is low or the TTL level of the address code of the singlechip control unit (3) corresponding to one channel in all band-pass filtering channels of the multiplexer (6) is high, so that the antenna can self-adaptively complete radiation and scattering of electromagnetic waves, complete low-sidelobe acicular beam scanning or low-radar scattering section RCS of the antenna, and adaptively change the radiation and scattering characteristics of the intelligent skin antenna, the low interception probability LPI and the low observable characteristic LO of the smart skin antenna are realized.
2. A smart skin antenna for adaptively changing radiation and scattering characteristics as defined in claim 1, wherein: when the system works, the channel of each of the plurality of devices (6) corresponds to one address code of the single chip microcomputer control unit (3), and the Wearable sensor (5) sends the monitoring result of monitoring the existence of the target radar wave signal in real time to the single chip microcomputer control unit (3) through the multiplexer (6).
3. A smart skin antenna for adaptively changing radiation and scattering characteristics as defined in claim 1, wherein: if the intelligent skin antenna works in a radiation mode, the singlechip control unit (3) controls the active antenna array (2), and the amplitude/phase control code weight values required by a plurality of low-sidelobe pin-shaped beams which are obtained in advance through a cloud genetic algorithm and stored in a PROM chip are calculated into the amplitude/phase control code through an FPGA chip and are sent to an amplifier and a phase shifter of each radio frequency channel of the active antenna array (2), so that beam synthesis and beam scanning of the intelligent skin antenna are realized, and low interception probability LPI of the intelligent skin antenna is completed.
4. A smart skin antenna for adaptively changing radiation and scattering characteristics as defined in claim 1, wherein: if the intelligent skin antenna works in a scattering mode, the FPGA chip of the singlechip control unit (3) identifies a specific working frequency band of a target radar wave signal according to a specific address code corresponding to a band-pass filtering channel of the multiplexer (6), and controls the power supply (4) to output a specific voltage value of the working frequency band and supply power to the electrorheological skin wave-transmitting layer (1), so that radar wave absorption of the corresponding working frequency band is realized, and low observable property LO of the intelligent skin antenna is realized in real time.
5. A smart skin antenna for adaptively changing radiation and scattering characteristics as defined in claim 1, wherein: the active antenna array (2) adopts M multiplied by N radio frequency channels, each radio frequency channel is respectively integrated with an amplifier and a phase shifter which are used for controlling and inputting the amplitude/phase control code required by the low side lobe pin beam in real time through the singlechip control unit (3), and M, N is a natural number.
6. A smart skin antenna for adaptively changing radiation and scattering characteristics as defined in claim 5, wherein: obtaining the total number T by adopting a cloud genetic algorithm according to the scale of the conformal array of any curved surfaceMNThe excitation weight of each radio frequency channel of the active antenna array (2) of the low side lobe pin-shaped wave beam is the far field of any curved surface conformal array according to the far field superposition principle
In the formula, wmnIs the excitation weight of the mn-th array element,
is the active element pattern vector for the mn-th array element,
is a condition of the spatial phase and,
to be at any point in space
Unit vector in direction, RmnIs the mn-th array element with respect to the selected coordinate system centerThe position coordinates of (a).
7. A smart skin antenna for adaptively changing radiation and scattering characteristics as defined in claim 1, wherein: the Wearable sensor (5) monitors target radar waves in real time, if the Wearable sensor (5) does not monitor target radar wave signals, the TTL level of the address codes of the single-chip microcomputer control units (3) corresponding to all the channels of the band-pass filtering of the multiplexer (6) is low, the single-chip microcomputer control units (3) control the intelligent skin antenna to work in a radiation mode, if the Wearable sensor (5) monitors the target radar wave signals, the TTL level of the address codes of the single-chip microcomputer control units (3) corresponding to one channel in all the channels of the band-pass filtering of the multiplexer (6) is high, and the single-chip microcomputer control units (3) control the intelligent skin antenna to work in a scattering mode.
8. A smart skin antenna for adaptively changing radiation and scattering characteristics as defined in claim 1, wherein: if the target radar wave signal is monitored by the Wearable sensor (5), the TTL level of the address code of the singlechip control unit (3) corresponding to one channel in all the channels of the band-pass filtering of the multiplexer (6) is high, and the singlechip control unit (3) controls the intelligent skin antenna to work in a scattering mode.
9. A smart skin antenna for adaptively changing radiation and scattering characteristics as defined in claim 8, wherein: in order to realize the low sidelobe pin-shaped wave beam, a cloud genetic algorithm is adopted to obtain an excitation weight wmnAccording to the excitation weight wmnConstruction of fitness function Fit (w)mn)：
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the far field pattern side lobe area of any curved conformal array,
is the wave beam scanning direction of the conformal array far-field directional diagram of any curved surface, SLL is the expected side lobe level value, A is the equivalent physical caliber of the conformal array of any curved surface, lambda is the working wavelength of the conformal array of any curved surface, mu1Is the tuning weight, mu, of the low side lobe pin beam side lobe level2Is the maximum gain tuning weight of the arbitrary curved conformal array in the scanning area.
10. A smart skin antenna for adaptively changing radiation and scattering characteristics as defined in claim 1, wherein: the electro-variable skin wave-transmitting layer (1) is used for realizing the radar wave absorption of the segmented frequency bands of 1 GHz-2 GHz, 2 GHz-4 GHz, 4 GHz-8 GHz, 8 GHz-12 GHz and 12 GHz-18 GHz in a one-to-one self-adaptive mode according to the specific applied voltage value, and the low observable characteristic LO of the intelligent skin antenna is realized.
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| CN108181615A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-06-19 | 北京机电工程研究所 | A kind of active passive electromagnetism offsets stealthy system |
| CN109524796B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2021-06-25 | 中国电子科技集团公司信息科学研究院 | Broadband low-profile low-scattering slot array antenna |
| CN110750929B (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-09-11 | 电子科技大学 | Antenna radiation and scattering characteristic analysis method based on characteristic mode theory |
| CN114166408A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-11 | 成都凯天电子股份有限公司 | Embedded atmospheric pressure sensor with low radar scattering efficiency and mounting structure |
| CN115173073B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-08-29 | 四川大学 | Aperiodic artificial magnetic conductor printed dipole antenna |
| CN115360528B (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2022-12-30 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Radar switch frequency selective surface loaded with polyaniline |
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