CN103367918A - Frequency scanning array antenna based on quasi-surface plasmon waveguide - Google Patents

Frequency scanning array antenna based on quasi-surface plasmon waveguide Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103367918A
CN103367918A CN2013102909828A CN201310290982A CN103367918A CN 103367918 A CN103367918 A CN 103367918A CN 2013102909828 A CN2013102909828 A CN 2013102909828A CN 201310290982 A CN201310290982 A CN 201310290982A CN 103367918 A CN103367918 A CN 103367918A
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array
surface plasma
accurate surface
array element
plasma wave
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CN103367918B (en
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屈世伟
白雪
易欢
夏明耀
杨仕文
聂在平
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Jiangsu Hengxin Technology Co Ltd
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Abstract

The invention discloses a frequency scanning array antenna based on a quasi-surface plasmon waveguide. The frequency scanning array antenna based on the quasi-surface plasmon waveguide is characterized in that an array element is coupled and excited through the quasi-surface plasmon waveguide and the range and the phase, which need exciting, of the array element are acquired through the adjustment of the position of the array element to achieve required radiation characteristics. A plurality of advantages are centralized on the array antenna with the quasi-surface plasmon waveguide as a feed network, the efficiency of the feed network is high, the antenna is simple in structure, frequency scanning can be achieved and various polarization characteristics can be achieved through changing of the form of the array element. A plurality of embodiments are given and a specific example simulation result is finally given. Other specific embodiments can be formed based on the same idea after the structure of the quasi-surface plasmon waveguide is reasonably changed and different array element forms are adopted. The frequency scanning array antenna based on the quasi-surface plasmon waveguide can be used for wireless communication and radar systems.

Description

A kind of frequency scanning array antenna of leading based on accurate surface plasma wave
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology, Radar Technology field, be specifically related to a kind of frequency scanning array antenna of leading based on accurate surface plasma wave, can be used for the communication systems such as microwave, millimeter wave, Terahertz.
Background technology
Aerial array is as communication and the critical component of radar system, for electromagnetic high efficiency radiation and reception provide may, soon electromagnetic signal is converted to radiation mode the free space or opposite process from guided wave mode.For the needs of beam scanning, early stage antenna array adopts the mechanical scanning mode to carry out, but the speed of beam scanning is very slow, in case after antenna array design was finished simultaneously, array beams just was fixed up, and can not control flexibly.Phased array antenna is then utilized the independent control to each array element excitation phase and amplitude, by the mode that electricity is transferred, can carry out fast beam scanning, also can realize the Fast transforms of antenna beam shape simultaneously.In addition, phased array antenna also has a lot of otherwise unique advantages, for example multiple target Search/Track, high search data rate and tracking data rate, adaptive space filter capacity and adaptive space-time processing ability etc.Phased array antenna is the most widely one of electronic scanning antenna battle array of at present research, and other also have frequency-scanned array, switch beam antenna array etc.Although phased array antenna has a lot of aspects advantage, its cost is very high, so that the civil area that cost is especially valued is hung back, generally just can use phased array antenna to the very high military domain of performance requirement.Frequency scanning changes " phase difference in the battle array " between the antenna element by the mode that changes signal frequency, thereby realizes the scanning of velocity of wave.Frequency scan antenna is owing to its structure is relatively simple, reliability is high, realize relatively low receiving publicity of cost.
Existing frequency scan antenna roughly is divided into leaky-wave antenna and two kinds of forms of series feed array antenna, and leaky-wave antenna is simple in structure, efficient is high, but scanning angle is restricted, and usually can't realize wide-angle scanning; The feeding network principal mode of series feed array antenna has coaxial type, rectangular waveguide type, micro strip line type and left-and-right-hand transmission line type etc.Major requirement to feeding network is that bandwidth, loss are little, impedance matching and simple in structure.At millimeter wave and high band more, the feeding network of micro strip line type self radiation and loss are all very large, and the feeding network of left-and-right-hand transmission line is less owing to its complex structure is difficult for realizing using.
Owing to can effectively transmit light wave, surface plasma wave is led in recent years and is received much concern.Surface plasma wave (Surface plasmon polarition, SPP) is in fact a kind of electromagnetic wave of propagating at the dielectric interface with both positive and negative dielectric constant.In optical band, SPP can effectively be strapped on metal and the dielectric interface.Yet at lower frequency band, for example at Terahertz and microwave frequency band, SPP shows very faint binding force, because this moment, metal can be regarded perfect electronic conductor as, electromagnetic wave can not enter in the metal, and the electromagnetic wave energy major part is all in medium.In recent years, have and much studies show that, in perfect electronic conductor surface periodic ground fluting or perforate, can effectively support the electromagnetic wave that a kind of dispersion characteristics and SPP dispersion characteristics are alike, therefore this structure also is called as accurate surface plasma wave leads, and can be widely used in Terahertz and millimeter wave frequency band.2008, the people such as W.Zhu proposed a kind of metal flat plasma filled waveguide with rectangle blind hole of One Dimension Periodic, and experimental verification this plasma waveguide latent electricity magnetic wave well, have good transmission characteristic.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for a kind of antenna array coupling feed mechanism of leading based on accurate surface plasma wave is provided, have the characteristics such as simple in structure, feed high efficiency.The characteristics of utilizing good transmission characteristic that accurate surface plasma wave leads and Electric Field Distribution to control flexibly can to multiple antenna element coupling feed, realize the frequency scanning characteristic.This invention can be as making up the phased array antenna that is applied to military affairs and civil area.
A kind of antenna array of leading based on accurate surface plasma wave of the present invention, basic structure comprise that accurate surface plasma wave leads, and the antenna element by the coupling feed.Characteristics of the present invention are, because the pattern that accurate surface plasma wave is led is transverse magnetic mode, in its field distribution, exist with the perpendicular and parallel two kinds of Electric Field Distribution of waveguide surface and perpendicular to the magnetic-field component of waveguide axis direction, for different element antenna forms, these electric fields or magnetic-field component can be by the forms of Space Coupling, effectively encourage radiation mode, thereby constructed aerial array efficient, simple in structure.
The used coupling feed form of the present invention is the amplitude that the relative position that utilizes array element and accurate surface plasma wave to lead is controlled the coupling feed of array element, utilize relative distance between the chip unit to control the relative phase of array element, realize amplitude and the phase place of the needed feed of each array element, and then realize needed radiation characteristic.Simultaneously, " phase difference in the battle array " when signal frequency changes between the array element changes thereupon, thereby realizes the scanning of wave beam.When signal frequency changes within the specific limits, attainable beam scanning scope is determined by the variable quantity of " phase difference in the battle array " in this frequency range, since the variable quantity of " battle array in phase difference " by feed structure namely the dispersion characteristics led of accurate surface plasma wave determine, therefore the structures shape led of accurate surface plasma wave wave beam with the frequency scanning scope.
Array element shape of the present invention determines the polarization characteristic of array, can utilize difform array element to realize linear polarization, elliptical polarization or circular polarization.
What make up among the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of unit form based on accurate surface plasma wave waveguide array antennas, can be rectangular patch, circular patch, printed dipole, by the antenna of the arbitrary forms such as magnetic dipole of loop antenna equivalence.Simultaneously accurate surface plasma wave is led and also can be had various multi-formly, as open periodically rectangular opening, slotted eye, multiple row circular port, V-shaped groove etc. at metallic conductor, also can be periodic arrangement rectangular grid etc. on metal.The array antenna that can be used for simultaneously various operating frequencies and various polarization.
The micro-strip antenna array that microstrip line is series feed, wherein a kind of is to utilize microstrip line directly to connect array element to carry out feed, its discontinuous structure and warp architecture can bring very lossy.Another kind is to utilize microstrip line coupling excitation array element, can reduce the Insertion Loss of feed structure, simultaneously can be by placing the relative position of array element and microstrip line, more easily control the feed amplitude, but at millimeter wave frequency band, therefore the radiation of microstrip line is apparent in view, and above two kinds of antenna arrays should not be used in millimeter wave and high band more.
Make up among the present invention based on accurate surface plasma wave waveguide array antennas, be by utilizing accurate surface plasma wave to lead series feed network as array antenna, the excitation of pair array element coupling realizes needed array performance.Accurate surface plasma wave is led the coupling feed, and is not only simple in structure but also loss is little, efficient is high.As the array antenna of series feed, work as frequency change, " phase difference in the battle array " between the antenna element changes, and can realize frequency scanning.In millimeter wave frequency band, Terahertz frequency range, phase-shifter not only loss is large but also expensive, and this moment, frequency scanning had absolute predominance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is top view of the present invention;
Fig. 1 (b) is end view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 (a) is one of accurate surface plasma wave guide structure example among the present invention.
Fig. 2 (b) is the sectional view of one of accurate surface plasma wave guide structure example among the present invention.
Fig. 2 (c) be among the present invention accurate surface plasma wave guide structure example two.
Fig. 2 (d) be among the present invention accurate surface plasma wave guide structure example three.
Fig. 2 (e) be among the present invention accurate surface plasma wave guide structure example four.
Fig. 3 (a) is one of array element topology example among the present invention.
Fig. 3 (b) be among the present invention the array element topology example two.
Fig. 3 (c) be among the present invention the array element topology example three.
Fig. 3 (d) be among the present invention the array element topology example four.
Fig. 3 (e) be among the present invention the array element topology example five.
Fig. 3 (f) be among the present invention the array element topology example six.
Fig. 3 (g) be among the present invention the array element topology example seven.
Fig. 3 (h) be among the present invention the array element topology example eight.
Fig. 3 (i) be among the present invention the array element topology example nine.
Fig. 3 (j) be among the present invention the array element topology example ten.
Fig. 3 (k) be among the present invention the array element topology example 11.
Fig. 3 (l) be among the present invention the array element topology example 12.
Fig. 4 is that the accurate surface plasma wave based on the periodicity rectangular opening of rectangular waveguide feed is led, take the L-type paster as the cellular array antenna (in this usefulness as specific embodiments example of the present invention).
Fig. 5 is scanning angle, gain, the axial ratio simulation curve of specific embodiments example of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the Direction Pattern Simulation curve of specific embodiments example of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the reflection coefficient simulation curve of specific embodiments example of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, a kind ofly be elaborated based on accurate surface plasma wave waveguide array antennas technical scheme to of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to described exemplifying embodiment.
Fig. 1 has shown the basic structure of this array antenna, comprises with the accurate surface plasma wave of periodic structure leading 11 and array element 12.Fig. 1 (a) is the top view of this antenna array, and Fig. 1 (b) is the end view of this antenna array.Accurate surface plasma wave is led the 11 series coupled feeding networks as array, lead in 11 the medium and there is electric field component perpendicular to dielectric surface in upper surface being covered in accurate surface plasma wave, along direction of propagation periodic distribution, this field distribution can encourage microband paste array element 12, and the distance that can arrive the waveguide core line by distance and the array element 12 of adjusting microband paste array element 12 and adjacent cells, so that each array element 12 obtains certain feed amplitude and phase place, the array radiance that accordingly can designing institute needs.
Fig. 2 has enumerated and can be used as multiple accurate surface plasma waveguiding structure of the present invention.Fig. 2 (a) is the plasma wave guide structure 21 with the single rectangular opening of periodicity; Fig. 2 (b) is the accurate surface plasma-wave AA' face view with the single rectangular opening of periodicity; Fig. 2 (c) is the accurate surface plasma waveguiding structure 22 with periodicity round rectangle hole; Fig. 2 (d) is the accurate surface plasma waveguiding structure 23 with the single elliptical cylinder-shape of periodicity hole; Fig. 2 (e) is the accurate surface plasma waveguiding structure 24 with periodicity three row's cylindrical holes.In above each structure, by sectional dimension, the degree of depth and the pitch-row of regulating each hole, propagation characteristic that can each accurate surface plasma waveguide of flexible, thus reach the purpose of carrying out according to actual needs flexible design.
Fig. 3 has enumerated and can be used as multiple array element structure of the present invention.Fig. 3 (a) is square microband paste structure 301; Fig. 3 (b) is Circular microstrip patch structure 302; Fig. 3 (c) is oval microband paste structure 303; Fig. 3 (d) is triangle microband paste structure 304; Fig. 3 (e) is annular microband paste structure 305; Fig. 3 (g) is for realizing the microband paste structure 307 of the square corner cut of circular polarization; Fig. 3 (h) is for realizing the square microband paste structure 308 of circular polarization band rectangular channel; Fig. 3 (i) is for realizing the L-type microband paste structure 309 of circular polarization; Fig. 3 (j) is for realizing the Circular microstrip patch structure 310 with rectangular microstrip of circular polarization; Fig. 3 (k) is for realizing the Circular microstrip patch structure 311 of circular polarization band rectangular channel; Fig. 3 (l) is dipole microband paste structure 312.Above each unit form mainly encourages by the form of electric coupling, and other also can be used for the present invention such as the unit form that magnetic dipole of loop antenna equivalence etc. utilizes magnetic coupling to encourage.
Fig. 4 has provided a kind of embodiment of the present invention, comprise with the accurate surface plasma wave of periodicity rectangular opening lead 41, L-type microband paste array element 42(is in order to realize circular polarization characteristics) and be placed on the feed Rectangular Waveguide Structure 43 of plasma waveguide one end.Fig. 4 (a) is the top view of this implementation, Fig. 4 (b) is the end view of this implementation, this embodiment is for so that should realize that side penetrated directional diagram the centre frequency 220GHz time based on the plasma filled waveguide Section of Microstrip Antenna Array, therefore, when 220GHz, regulate the position of each L-type microband paste array element 42, so that the amplitude of each unit feed is identical, phase place is identical, reaches side and penetrate purpose.When frequency shift, the current feed phase of array element changes, and antenna pattern is realized scan characteristic.
Fig. 5 provided the specific embodiment of the invention with the angle of frequency change scanning, on the different scanning angle gain and the axial ratio simulated properties of array antenna, this array working band is 190~235GHz, along with the frequency change scanning angle can from-31 ° scan+26 °, simultaneously gain variation range is 12.1~15.5dBi.Fig. 6 has provided this array center's frequency and working range is the highest and emulation antenna pattern corresponding to low-limit frequency.Fig. 7 has provided the reflection coefficient simulation result of this array antenna.
More than be the description to the present invention and embodiment thereof that provides to the engineers and technicians that are familiar with field of the present invention, these descriptions should be considered to be illustrative, but not determinate.The engineers and technicians accordingly thought in invention claims do concrete operation and implement, and under the spirit and scope of the present invention prerequisite that does not break away from the claims definition, can make a variety of changes in the form and details it.Above-mentioned these all should be regarded as coverage of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. one kind based on accurate surface plasma wave waveguide array antennas, comprises accurate surface plasma waveguide, microband paste array element; It is characterized in that: described array antenna is composed of multiple units, and the microband paste unit is encouraged by accurate surface plasma wave conducting overcoupling feed, forms the novel array of being led feed by accurate surface plasma wave.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of based on accurate surface plasma wave waveguide array antennas, it is characterized in that: described accurate surface plasma wave is led by periodic structure and is formed, and can transmit accurate surface plasmon surface ripple.
3. according to claim 1 and 2 a kind of based on accurate surface plasma wave waveguide array antennas, it is characterized in that: the position of the Position Control array element of described microband paste array element, encourage required amplitude and phase place, realize required radiation characteristic.
4. according to claim 3 a kind of based on accurate surface plasma wave waveguide array antennas, it is characterized in that: lead array antenna that coupling excitation microband paste array element makes up by accurate surface plasma wave and be not subjected to accurate surface plasma wave to lead restriction with the array element form, be applicable to simultaneously each frequency range, various polarization.
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Cited By (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104466406A (en) * 2014-12-10 2015-03-25 上海交通大学 Plasma-based electric phase modulation surface antenna
CN104577283A (en) * 2015-01-09 2015-04-29 北京交通大学 Rectangular leakage waveguide capable of achieving circular polarization characteristics at near field
CN106454873A (en) * 2016-09-29 2017-02-22 浙江工业大学 Self-organized terahertz network-orientated auxiliary type directed communication method and network architecture thereof
CN107645063A (en) * 2017-07-28 2018-01-30 东南大学 The effective exciting bank of antisymmetric mode based on artificial surface phasmon microcavity
CN108761955A (en) * 2018-06-01 2018-11-06 航天恒星科技有限公司 The broad band laser phased array system of wide scope scanning
CN109659706A (en) * 2018-11-13 2019-04-19 北京理工大学 A kind of inexpensive beam scanning antennas applied to 5G mobile terminal
CN110741273A (en) * 2016-12-29 2020-01-31 雷达视科技有限公司 Antenna array
CN111009724A (en) * 2019-12-03 2020-04-14 北京航天飞腾装备技术有限责任公司 Electric control zero-crossing scanning plane leaky-wave antenna based on metamaterial
CN113013641A (en) * 2021-03-05 2021-06-22 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 Distributed flexible array antenna based on SPP transmission line and multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle
CN114050408A (en) * 2021-11-23 2022-02-15 国开启科量子技术(北京)有限公司 Microstrip antenna array, ion trap driving device and phase parameter calculation method

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Cited By (17)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104466406A (en) * 2014-12-10 2015-03-25 上海交通大学 Plasma-based electric phase modulation surface antenna
CN104577283A (en) * 2015-01-09 2015-04-29 北京交通大学 Rectangular leakage waveguide capable of achieving circular polarization characteristics at near field
CN106454873A (en) * 2016-09-29 2017-02-22 浙江工业大学 Self-organized terahertz network-orientated auxiliary type directed communication method and network architecture thereof
CN110741273B (en) * 2016-12-29 2024-02-02 雷达视科技有限公司 Antenna array
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CN108761955B (en) * 2018-06-01 2021-08-10 航天恒星科技有限公司 Wide-range scanning broadband laser phased array system
CN109659706B (en) * 2018-11-13 2020-06-02 北京理工大学 Low-cost beam scanning antenna applied to 5G mobile terminal
CN109659706A (en) * 2018-11-13 2019-04-19 北京理工大学 A kind of inexpensive beam scanning antennas applied to 5G mobile terminal
CN111009724A (en) * 2019-12-03 2020-04-14 北京航天飞腾装备技术有限责任公司 Electric control zero-crossing scanning plane leaky-wave antenna based on metamaterial
CN111009724B (en) * 2019-12-03 2021-11-16 北京航天飞腾装备技术有限责任公司 Electric control zero-crossing scanning plane leaky-wave antenna based on metamaterial
CN113013641A (en) * 2021-03-05 2021-06-22 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 Distributed flexible array antenna based on SPP transmission line and multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle
CN113013641B (en) * 2021-03-05 2021-12-03 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 Distributed flexible array antenna based on SPP transmission line and multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle
CN114050408A (en) * 2021-11-23 2022-02-15 国开启科量子技术(北京)有限公司 Microstrip antenna array, ion trap driving device and phase parameter calculation method
CN114050408B (en) * 2021-11-23 2023-08-18 国开启科量子技术(北京)有限公司 Microstrip antenna array, ion trap driving device and phase parameter calculation method

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