CN107378687A - A kind of large caliber reflecting mirror iteration based on abrasion of grinding wheel prediction pre-compensates for method for grinding - Google Patents
A kind of large caliber reflecting mirror iteration based on abrasion of grinding wheel prediction pre-compensates for method for grinding Download PDFInfo
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- CN107378687A CN107378687A CN201710677052.6A CN201710677052A CN107378687A CN 107378687 A CN107378687 A CN 107378687A CN 201710677052 A CN201710677052 A CN 201710677052A CN 107378687 A CN107378687 A CN 107378687A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
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Abstract
A kind of large caliber reflecting mirror iteration based on abrasion of grinding wheel prediction pre-compensates for method for grinding, and the present invention relates to large caliber reflecting mirror iteration to pre-compensate for method for grinding.The present invention in order to solve prior art is ground repeatedly by repeatedly changing emery wheel to reach target surface figure accuracy in the case of the nominal grinding depth of fixation, causes the problem of emery wheel loss is serious, the poor low and grinding efficiency of surface figure accuracy is low.The present invention includes：One：Wheel grinding is established than forecast models of the G on grinding parameter；Two：Establish radial dimension Abrasion prediction model at grinding process medium plain emery wheel grinding points；Three：Establish aspheric surface error prediction model；Four：Method is pre-compensated for by iteration and calculates each point grinding surface shape error amount on aspherical bus, until meeting to require；Step 5：The final predicted value of name grinding depth at each contact point, carries out numerical control grinding machining prgraming and following process in record iterative process.The present invention is used for optical aspherical surface speculum Grinding Technology field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical aspherical surface speculum Grinding Technology field, more particularly to large caliber reflecting mirror iteration are pre-
Compensate method for grinding.
Background technology
With developing rapidly for aerospace technology, far-reaching exploration of the mankind to universe and space is more and more frequent, to sky
Between optical system have the demand of higher precision, optical mirror is space optics equipment (such as space telescope) crucial portion
Part, the requirement to the precision, stability and life-span of basal body of reflector etc. is even more more and more higher, more severe to material performance requirement
Carve, for current spatial lens material mainly using silicon, optical glass, SiC ceramic etc., SiC ceramic has specific strength, Gao Bigang
The advantages that degree, highly corrosion resistant and high-dimensional stability, the application in Aero-Space optical system mirror is more and more extensive,
SiC ceramic reflection aperture of mirror is also increasing, and due to their higher hard crisp characteristics so that ultraprecise abrasive machining, which turns into, works as
These preceding main manufacturing process of spatial lens material, high-precision grinding during being formed in abrasive machining there is higher removal to imitate
Rate, turns into the big mirror processing efficiency of raising and machining accuracy plays very crucial effect.
It is general in large caliber reflecting mirror process due to there is the high brittle material property of high rigidity due to SiC ceramic
Logical ceramic base wear of diamond wheel is very serious, and the radial wear of skive is high during a grinding forming
Up to some tens of pm, and need frequently to change emery wheel so that Aspheric grinding face shape error is big, grinding efficiency is low.Therefore, it is necessary to set
Meter exploitation has the emery wheel of long service life and meets new technology, the new method of heavy caliber SiC ceramic speculum grinding.
Make to avoid frequently changing emery wheel in heavy caliber SiC ceramic grinding process, reach a piece of emery wheel be once ground can complete it is non-
Sphere shapes and the purpose with higher surface figure accuracy.
Traditional Aspheric grinding is typically ground using ceramic base diamond grinding wheel, due to vitrified bond have it is non-
Often high fragility, matrix quick abrasion in grinding process, emery wheel size and shape precision serious wear, and metal bonded wheel because
It has the characteristics that abrasive particle hold is strong, bond strength is high, wearability is good, can bear larger grinding force, has longer
Service life, it can be used for heavy caliber SiC ceramic speculum grinding process.And metal anchoring agent diamond wheel can use
ELID electrolytic in-process dressing technologies, emery wheel can be made to keep higher sharp degree in grinding process, to obtain what is well stablized
Crudy.
Heavy caliber SiC ceramic speculum grinding process medium plain emery wheel abrasion be it is inevitable, and Aspheric grinding emery wheel from
It is aspherical centrally along generatrix direction to edge move when material removal amount gradually increase, cause abrasion of grinding wheel uneven, face shape miss
For difference there is also larger difference, tradition grinding is to be ground repeatedly in the case of the nominal grinding depth of fixation by repeatedly changing emery wheel
To reach target surface figure accuracy, emery wheel loss is serious, and surface figure accuracy is poor, and grinding efficiency is low, therefore, needs badly to aperture aspherical
Grinding processing method and technique are optimized and improved.
The content of the invention
It is by repeatedly more in the case of the nominal grinding depth of fixation the invention aims to solve prior art
Change emery wheel to be ground repeatedly to reach target surface figure accuracy, causing emery wheel to be lost, serious, the poor low and grinding efficiency of surface figure accuracy is low
The problem of, and propose a kind of large caliber reflecting mirror iteration based on abrasion of grinding wheel prediction and pre-compensate for method for grinding.
A kind of large caliber reflecting mirror iteration precompensation method for grinding based on abrasion of grinding wheel prediction comprises the following steps：
The inventive method be only consider to have with emery wheel dimension wears caused by the basis of Aspheric grinding face shape error
Implement.The inventive method establishes abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc overall size Wear prediction mould by the experiment of skive basis grinding abrasion
Type, and then established according to Principle of Grinding and Cutting and grinding process medium plain emery wheel-workpiece geometrical contact model aspherical in a grinding process
The face shape error forecast model of each point on bus；It will predict that name grinding of the face shape error by converting change corresponding point position is deep
Degree, and Aspheric grinding face shape error is predicted again according to revised nominal grinding depth, it is ground in this way to corresponding
Nominal grinding depth at point carries out successive ignition amendment, until prediction Aspheric grinding face shape error maximum is missed less than face shape
Poor permissible value.The inventive method is to use long lifespan metal anchoring agent diamond wheel as grinding tool, without heavy caliber
Aspheric grinding is to be proposed that the wheel grinding track for meeting face shape error requirement, avoids repetition and changes emery wheel operation, improves
Aspheric grinding precision and grinding efficiency.
Step 1：Grinding experiment is carried out using metallic bond arc surface skive, is established using regression analysis
Wheel grinding is than forecast models of the G on grinding parameter；
Wherein αpFor grinding depth, vsFor grinding speed, vwFor emery wheel feed speed, k, a, b, c are constant, grinding ginseng
Number refers to αp、vsAnd vw；
Step 2：According to aspherical bus expression formula, remove volume with reference to aspherical material removal and worn with emery wheel volume
The relation of amount, establish radial dimension Abrasion prediction model at grinding process medium plain emery wheel grinding points；
Δrx=f (αp,vs,vw,R,r,Vw)
Wherein R is emery wheel base radius, and r is abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc radius surface, VwVolume is removed for Aspheric grinding；
Step 3：The emery wheel radial dimension Abrasion prediction model established using step 2, above aspherical bus
Shape error and emery wheel radial dimension wear extent geometrical relationship, establish aspheric surface error prediction model；
Step 4：Using the face shape error forecast model established in step 3, the grinding of each point on aspherical bus is calculated
Face shape error value, establishes cartesian coordinate system on aspherical, is x along bus horizontal direction using the aspherical centre of gyration as z-axis
Axle, if the grinding surface shape error amount of x coordinate point (contact point) is more than target face shape error amount, the name of x coordinate point is ground
Depth is iterated precompensation processing, and calculates the face shape error value of the point after iteration precompensation, until this face shape error meter
Calculation value is less than target face shape error amount, carries out the processing of x+1 coordinate points；If the grinding surface shape error amount of x coordinate point is less than or equal to
Target face shape error amount, then carry out the processing of x+1 coordinate points, until on aspherical bus grinding surface shape error amount a little it is equal
Untill target face shape error amount；
Step 5：The final predicted value of name grinding depth at each contact point, carries out numerical control grinding and adds in record iterative process
Work programs and following process.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Using metal anchoring agent diamond wheel, emery wheel service life is effectively increased, meanwhile, for the On-line electrolytic dissolution of emery wheel
Finishing provides may；Test to obtain arc diamond wheel overall size wear model by plain grinding, for Aspheric grinding face shape
Error prediction, the inventive method can determine emery wheel reality before aperture aspherical is ground according to theoretical model provided by the invention
When grinding points nominal grinding depth and movement locus, realize aspheric surface once using metal anchoring agent diamond wheel
Grinding forming, the process that emery wheel is changed and is ground repeatedly is avoided, improves grinding surface figure accuracy and grinding efficiency.This hair
It is bright to propose in an iterative manner to pre-compensate for (i.e. using aspheric different emery wheels-workpiece contact point name grinding depth first
Each point becomes nominal grinding depth on the bus of face), propose to become nominal grinding depth method for grinding, avoid and frequently change emery wheel in the past
And multiple grinding process, Aspheric grinding technical process is simplified, large caliber reflecting mirror grinding efficiency can improve 3 to 5 times.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the metal anchoring agent diamond wheel profile and dimension wears schematic diagram used in the present invention.Wherein, r is
Abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc radius, R are emery wheel base radius, and Δ r is abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc radius wear extent, O (x0,z0) it is the emery wheel centre of gyration.
Fig. 2 is flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one：A kind of as shown in Fig. 2 large caliber reflecting mirror iteration precompensation based on abrasion of grinding wheel prediction
Method for grinding comprises the following steps：
Metal anchoring agent diamond wheel dimension wears forecast model is initially set up, according to non-spherical reflector mirror body material
Material-SiC ceramic material characteristic selection metallic bond arc surface skive, its bonding agent bond strength is high, can be effective
Emery wheel service life is improved, determines grinding wheel organization parameter and form parameter on this basis；Using grinding ratio principle, metal is used
Anchoring agent diamond grinding wheel carries out grinding experiment, determines that emery wheel dimension wears amount removes material volume with grinding and grinding process is joined
Several relational model, for predicting different grinding parameter and material removal amount condition lower grinding wheel dimension wears amounts.Heavy caliber is general
Refer to more than 1.5m.
Step 1：Grinding experiment is carried out using metallic bond arc surface skive, is established using regression analysis
Wheel grinding is than forecast models of the G on grinding parameter；
Wherein αpFor grinding depth, vsFor grinding speed, vwFor emery wheel feed speed, k, a, b, c are constant, pass through mill
Cut experiment and regression analysis determines.
Design metallic bond Arc Diamond Wheel, grinding wheel organization parameter and profile parameters, grinding wheel shape such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show.
Step 2：According to aspherical bus expression formula, remove volume with reference to aspherical material removal and worn with emery wheel volume
The relation of amount, establish radial dimension Abrasion prediction model at grinding process medium plain emery wheel grinding points；
Δrx=f (αp,vs,vw,R,r,Vw)
Wherein R is emery wheel base radius, and r is abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc radius surface, VwVolume is removed for Aspheric grinding；
Step 3：The emery wheel radial dimension Abrasion prediction model established using step 2, above aspherical bus
Shape error and emery wheel radial dimension wear extent geometrical relationship, establish aspheric surface error prediction model；
Step 4：Using the face shape error forecast model established in step 3, the grinding of each point on aspherical bus is calculated
Face shape error value, establishes cartesian coordinate system on aspherical, is x along bus horizontal direction using the aspherical centre of gyration as z-axis
Axle, if the grinding surface shape error amount of x coordinate point (contact point) is more than target face shape error amount, the name of x coordinate point is ground
Depth is iterated precompensation processing, and calculates the face shape error value of the point after iteration precompensation, until this face shape error meter
Calculation value is less than target face shape error amount, carries out the processing of x+1 coordinate points；If the grinding surface shape error amount of x coordinate point is less than or equal to
Target face shape error amount, then carry out the processing of x+1 coordinate points, until on aspherical bus grinding surface shape error amount a little it is equal
Untill target face shape error amount；
Step 5：The final predicted value of name grinding depth at each contact point, carries out numerical control grinding and adds in record iterative process
Work programs and following process.
The invention provides a kind of heavy caliber superhard material speculum abrasive grinding wheel Motion trajectory and real-time grinding points
Nominal grinding depth iteration Forecasting Methodology.The inventive method is only considering emery wheel dimension wears to non-spherical reflector grinding surface shape
On the basis of the influence of error, Arc Diamond Wheel shape under identical grinding condition is established by theoretical and experimental study first
And forecast model of the dimension wears amount on grinding parameter, pass through emery wheel at the aspherical generatrix direction difference grinding points of theory analysis
The relation of dimension wears amount and face shape error, establish at real-time emery wheel-workpiece Grinding Contact point as caused by emery wheel dimension wears
Face shape error forecast model, using target face shape error as standard, it will predict that face shape error is superimposed to by certain transformation model
On nominal grinding depth at real-time grinding points, finally meeting that the Aspheric grinding face shape error at aspherical each point is respectively less than
Stop iteration during target face shape error, it is determined that different grinding points name grinding depths in actual grinding process and based on this
Plan emery wheel centre of gyration movement locus.The inventive method can determine sand on the basis of aperture aspherical grinding is not implemented
The nominal grinding depth and movement locus of real-time grinding points are taken turns, selects metal anchoring agent diamond wheel as grinding tool with reality
Now face shape is once-forming, improves grinding surface figure accuracy and grinding efficiency.
Embodiment two：Present embodiment is unlike embodiment one：Mill is established in the step 3
The face shape error forecast model of emery wheel and workpiece contact point is specially on aspherical bus during cutting：
Wherein ExFor the Aspheric grinding face shape error on aspherical bus at centre of gyration x coordinate point, aspheric is used
The high difference expression high with aspherical ideal vector of face detection vector, βxFor on aspherical bus at centre of gyration x points
Tangential tilt angle.
On the basis of skive dimension wears forecast model, revolution non-spherical reflector bus expression formula is provided,
Initial cut parameter process parameter, foundation Principle of Grinding and Cutting, aspherical profile model and emery wheel-workpiece Contact Geometric model,
Analyze material removal at grinding process medium plain emery wheel-workpiece contact point and remove volume, grinding process parameterses and emery wheel dimension wears amount
Relation, establish the face shape error forecast model of emery wheel-workpiece contact point on aspherical bus in grinding process.
Other steps and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three：Present embodiment is unlike embodiment one or two：If x in the step 4
The grinding surface shape error amount of coordinate points is more than target face shape error amount, then the nominal grinding depth of x coordinate point is iterated pre-
The detailed process of compensation deals is：
The aspheric surface error caused by abrasion of grinding wheel is compensated by the nominal grinding depth for increasing grinding points, by x
The grinding surface shape error amount of coordinate points is superimposed to after conversion on nominal grinding depth, and is ground with the new name after superposition
Depth is ground, and calculates the face shape error value after iteration precompensation；By successive ignition precompensation until the grinding of x coordinate point
When face shape error predicted value is less than target face shape error amount, x coordinate point name grinding depth superposition terminates, and record is now at x points
Nominal grinding depth αpx(n)And iterations n, the Iterative calculation method of progress x+1 coordinate points name grinding depths；
Nominal grinding depth expression formula after superposition is as follows：
αpx(n)=αpx(n-1)+εx(n-1)(n≥2)
Wherein εx(n-1)For the grinding surface shape error calculation value obtained after (n-1)th iteration of x coordinate point, αpx(1)=αp,
Other steps and parameter are identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four：Unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to three：The name mill
Cut in the iterative process of depth, the prediction aspheric surface error after x coordinate point nth iteration is by equation table as follows
Show：
Wherein,For at x coordinate point name grinding depth be αpx(n)When face shape error predicted value, i.e.,：Drawn for first n-1 times iterative calculation
Face shape error sum.
The nominal grinding depth α at aspherical different Grinding Contact points obtained by the inventive methodpx(n)With iteration time
Number n is differed.
Other steps and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to three.
Embodiment five：Unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to four：The step 5
Motion track of the emery wheel centre of gyration of middle determination in grinding process be specially：
Wherein x0For emery wheel centre of gyration x-axis coordinate value, z0For emery wheel centre of gyration z-axis coordinate value.
Other steps and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to four.
The present invention can also have other various embodiments, in the case of without departing substantially from spirit of the invention and its essence, this area
Technical staff works as can make various corresponding changes and deformation according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and deformation should all belong to
The protection domain of appended claims of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of large caliber reflecting mirror iteration based on abrasion of grinding wheel prediction pre-compensates for method for grinding, it is characterised in that：The base
Comprise the following steps in the large caliber reflecting mirror iteration precompensation method for grinding of abrasion of grinding wheel prediction：
Step 1：Grinding experiment is carried out using metallic bond arc surface skive, emery wheel is established using regression analysis
Forecast models of the grinding ratio G on grinding parameter；
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Wherein αpFor grinding depth, vsFor grinding speed, vwFor emery wheel feed speed, k, a, b, c are constant；
Step 2：According to aspherical bus expression formula, volume and emery wheel volume wear are removed with reference to aspherical material removal
Relation, establish radial dimension Abrasion prediction model at grinding process medium plain emery wheel grinding points；
Δrx=f (αp,vs,vw,R,r,Vw)
Wherein R is emery wheel base radius, and r is abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc radius surface, VwVolume is removed for Aspheric grinding；
Step 3：The emery wheel radial dimension Abrasion prediction model established using step 2, is missed according to shape above aspherical bus
Difference and emery wheel radial dimension wear extent geometrical relationship, establish aspheric surface error prediction model；
Step 4：Using the face shape error forecast model established in step 3, the grinding surface shape of each point on aspherical bus is calculated
Error amount, cartesian coordinate system is established on aspherical, is x-axis along bus horizontal direction using the aspherical centre of gyration as z-axis,
If the grinding surface shape error amount of x coordinate point is more than target face shape error amount, the nominal grinding depth of x coordinate point is iterated
Precompensation processing, and the face shape error value of the point after iteration precompensation is calculated, until this face shape error calculated value is less than target
Face shape error value, carry out the processing of x+1 coordinate points；If the grinding surface shape error amount of x coordinate point is less than or equal to target face shape error
Value, then the processing of x+1 coordinate points is carried out, until institute's grinding surface shape error amount a little is respectively less than equal to target on aspherical bus
Untill face shape error value；
Step 5：Record in iterative process the final predicted value of name grinding depth at each contact point, it is determined that the emery wheel centre of gyration
Motion track in grinding process, carry out numerical control grinding machining prgraming and following process.
2. a kind of large caliber reflecting mirror iteration based on abrasion of grinding wheel prediction according to claim 1 pre-compensates for grinding side
Method, it is characterised in that：The face shape that emery wheel and workpiece contact point on aspherical bus in grinding process are established in the step 3 is missed
Poor forecast model is specially：
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Wherein ExFor the Aspheric grinding face shape error on aspherical bus at centre of gyration x coordinate point, βxFor aspherical mother
Tangential tilt angle on line at centre of gyration x points.
3. a kind of large caliber reflecting mirror iteration based on abrasion of grinding wheel prediction according to claim 2 pre-compensates for grinding side
Method, it is characterised in that：If the grinding surface shape error amount of x coordinate point is more than target face shape error amount in the step 4, x is sat
The nominal grinding depth of punctuate is iterated the detailed process that precompensation is handled：
Aspheric surface error caused by abrasion of grinding wheel is compensated by the nominal grinding depth for increasing grinding points, by x coordinate point
Grinding surface shape error amount is superimposed on nominal grinding depth, and is ground with the new nominal grinding depth after superposition, is calculated
Face shape error value after iteration precompensation；By iteration precompensation until the grinding surface shape error prediction value of x coordinate point is less than mesh
When marking face shape error value, x coordinate point name grinding depth superposition terminates, and records the now nominal grinding depth α at x pointspx(n)And
Iterations n, n >=2, the Iterative calculation method of progress x+1 coordinate points name grinding depths；
Nominal grinding depth expression formula after superposition is as follows：
αpx(n)=αpx(n-1)+εx(n-1)
Wherein εx(n-1)For the grinding surface shape error calculation value obtained after (n-1)th iteration of x coordinate point.
4. a kind of large caliber reflecting mirror iteration based on abrasion of grinding wheel prediction according to claim 3 pre-compensates for grinding side
Method, it is characterised in that：In the iterative process of the nominal grinding depth, the prediction aspheric surface after x coordinate point nth iteration
Error is represented by equation as follows：
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Wherein,For at x coordinate point name grinding depth be αpx(n)When face shape error predicted value, i.e.,： Preceding n-1 iterative calculation is drawn
The sum of face shape error.
5. a kind of large caliber reflecting mirror iteration based on abrasion of grinding wheel prediction according to claim 4 pre-compensates for grinding side
Method, it is characterised in that：Motion track of the emery wheel centre of gyration determined in the step 5 in grinding process be specially：
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Wherein x0For emery wheel centre of gyration x-axis coordinate value, z0For emery wheel centre of gyration z-axis coordinate value.
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| CN109249284A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-01-22 | 基准精密工业（惠州）有限公司 | Tool sharpening parameter compensation device and method |
| CN109483365A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-19 | 天津津航技术物理研究所 | A kind of calcium fluoride material ladder revolution non-spherical lens processing method |
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| CN111638682B (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2023-04-28 | 四川新迎顺信息技术股份有限公司 | Compensation method for grinding peripheral tooth helical blade back knife surface by using abrasion grinding wheel |
| CN113275977A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-20 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Method for determinacy compensating shape error of guide rail of aspheric optical element processing machine tool |
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