CN107375056A - 一种防腐剂及其应用 - Google Patents

一种防腐剂及其应用 Download PDF

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CN107375056A
CN107375056A CN201710483222.7A CN201710483222A CN107375056A CN 107375056 A CN107375056 A CN 107375056A CN 201710483222 A CN201710483222 A CN 201710483222A CN 107375056 A CN107375056 A CN 107375056A
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防腐剂及其应用,该防腐剂由如下重量份的组分组成:五味子提取物0.1‑1.0份,鱼腥草挥发油0.1‑0.9份,鸡骨草醇提物0.2‑1.0份。本发明防腐剂所有原料都来源于天然植物,富含的多种功效成分互相调和、协同,使产品具有显著的防腐效果。本发明防腐剂可以作为化妆品防腐剂应用于制备化妆品产品,完全替代化学合成防腐剂的使用,提高产品安全性,无刺激、无过敏、无毒副作用,同时不会影响到化妆品的稳定性。

Description

一种防腐剂及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及化妆品领域,具体涉及一种防腐剂及其应用。
背景技术
随着社会经济的发展和生活水平的提高,人们使用化妆品越来越普遍,化妆品已从奢侈品发展成为人类增香添美的生活必需品。化妆品的使用对象遍及人体表面的皮肤、毛发、指甲、口唇和牙齿等,使用的安全性越来越受到重视。大多数化妆品富含微生物生长所需的养分,环境中的微生物一旦进入,即可迅速繁殖,破坏产品的感官品质,损害消费者的健康。近年来,化妆品工业使用的天然原料和各种功能性添加剂日趋增多,产品更易被微生物所侵袭,因此化妆品防腐剂起着至关重要的作用。目前大多数化妆品公司所使用的都是化学合成防腐剂,而化学合成防腐剂均存在刺激性大、毒性大的缺陷,安全性方面不是很好。现在消费者对化妆品安全性特别关注,倾向于使用天然、无刺激、无皮肤过敏等问题的产品。因此,从天然产物中寻找安全高效的抑菌活性物质已成为化妆品研究的热点,具有很好的发展前景,已经成为化妆品防腐剂研究的新发展方向。
发明内容
针对现有技术,本发明的目的在于提供一种防腐剂,该防腐剂能抑制微生物生长,而且具有无毒、无刺激、无皮肤过敏等优点。
为是实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种防腐剂包括五味子提取物、鱼腥草挥发油、鸡骨草醇提取物的植物成分。
进一步的,所述的五味子提取物、鱼腥草挥发油、鸡骨草醇提物的重量份如下:五味子提取物0.1-1.0份,鱼腥草挥发油0.1-0.9份,鸡骨草醇提物0.2-1.0份。
优选的,所述的五味子提取物、鱼腥草挥发油、鸡骨草醇提物的重量份如下:五味子提取物0.3-0.8份,鱼腥草挥发油0.2-0.6份,鸡骨草醇提物0.4-0.8份。
进一步的,所述的五味子提取物的制备方法为:称取五味子,洗净,干燥;按照料液比1:20加入95%的乙醇,在温度70-95℃下提取1-1.5h,过滤,重复步骤,将滤渣重复提取两次,合并滤液,浓缩,干燥即得五味子提取物。
进一步的,所述的鱼腥草挥发油的制备方法如下:将鱼腥草洗净,干燥,粉碎后,加入料液比1:20的蒸馏水浸泡3-5h后,加热回流提取,收集得到鱼腥草挥发油。
进一步的,所述的鸡骨草醇提物的制备方法如下:取新鲜的鸡骨草,烘干,粉碎成粉末,加入10倍量的95%乙醇,超声提取1-2h,抽滤,滤渣再加5-8倍的95%乙醇,超声提取1h,抽滤,合并两次滤液,减压回收乙醇至滤液的1/4,得鸡骨草醇提物。
本发明还提供一种防腐剂在制备化妆品中的应用,且所述化妆品为祛痘霜。
进一步的,所述的祛痘霜包括如下重量份组分:上述的防腐剂0.9-2.2份、丙二醇3.7-8.0份、鲸蜡硬脂醇8.5-12份、甘油硬脂酸酯3.6-10份、丁二醇2.3-4.6份、角鲨烷2.5-7.0份、聚二甲基硅氧烷1.5-4.3份、异十六烷2.1-4.5份、卡波姆0.01-0.03份、黄原胶0.03-0.12份、薄荷醇0.01-0.05份、苦参提取物0.02-0.06份、忍冬花提取物0.03-0.08份、尿囊素1.0-2.5份、EDTA二钠0.01-0.08份、去离子水余量。
下面对本发明所用的防腐剂中的几种组分进行介绍:
五味子是多年生落叶藤本,中国药典2000年版将五味子和南五味子分别收载为两个品种。五味子只特指北五味子的干燥成熟果实,其具有广泛的药理作用:对中枢神经系统、免疫系统、心血管系统、呼吸系统、消化系统、泌尿生殖系统的影响以及保肝、抗氧化、抗衰老和抗菌抑菌等方面。边才苗等人以大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌为供试菌种,采用滤纸片法和平板二倍稀释法研究了五味子70%乙醇提取液的抑菌作用。结果五味子提取物对4种供试菌都有明显的抑制作用。五味子能与真菌细胞膜的固醇(主要是麦角固醇)产生不可逆结合,破坏真菌的正常代谢,抑制其生长。
鱼腥草为三白草科蕺菜属植物,原名“蕺”,始载于《名医别录》,列为下品。主产于浙江、江苏、安徽、福建、河南等省,分布于长江流域以南地区。药用其带根全草,性辛,味微寒,入肺经。具有清热解毒、消痈排脓、利尿通淋等功能,用于肺痈吐脓、痰热喘咳、热淋、热痢、痈肿疮毒、咽喉乳蛾、痔疮脱肛等症,被誉为“中药中的广谱抗生素”。其具有抗菌、抗病毒、增强机体免疫功能、抗过敏、平喘及镇咳等作用;鱼腥草鲜草含挥发油约0.05%,主要成分为癸酰乙醛(即鱼腥草素),鱼腥草的鱼腥气是由该成分所致;其次有甲基正壬酮及月桂醛。这些成分具有抗菌及抗病毒作用。鱼腥草中的癸酰乙醛为抗菌的有效成分,对卡他球菌、溶血性链球菌、流感杆菌、肺炎双球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑制作用,对大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌及孢子丝菌等也有抑制作用。体外实验研究显示鲜鱼腥草提取物体外有抗金黄色葡萄球菌作用,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为1.2mg/mL,最低杀菌浓度(MBC)为5.0mg/mL。
鸡骨草为《中国药典》2000年版一部收载的豆科植物广州相思子的干燥全株,别名红母鸡草、猎腰草、黄食草、土甘草,药材名鸡骨草。主要分布于广东、广西,为我国特有。因其最先发现在广州白云山,故又称广州相思子,以全株入药(除去豆荚)。鸡骨草全草含相思子、黄酮苷、胆碱、甾醇、皂苷、氨基酸、糖类、鞣质、蒽醌类化合物。其性凉,味甘淡,有清热利湿、解毒、疏肝止痛、活血化瘀等功效,用于治疗急、慢性肝炎、肝硬化腹水、胆囊炎、胃痛、风湿痹痛、打痹痛、毒蛇咬伤、乳腺炎、沁尿系统感染等病症。鸡骨草中含有较为丰富的黄酮,黄酮类有效成分对治疗冠心病、老年性痴呆、脑血栓、神经系统疾病和消除自由基、抑菌、抗癌等方面有显著效果,无副作用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的有益效果如下:本发明产品是一种安全、高效、经济的防腐剂,主要由五味子提取物、鱼腥草挥发油、鸡骨草醇提物组成,通过破坏真菌正常代谢,抑制其生长,同时抑制其他微生物的生长和繁殖,对卡他球菌、溶血性链球菌、流感杆菌、肺炎双球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑制作用,对大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌及孢子丝菌等也有抑制作用,具有广谱抗菌作用。三种成分协同作用,有效发挥其强有力的抗菌抑菌功效,从而起到全面有效防腐的作用。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述:
本发明的祛痘霜实施例1~5配方,见表1。
表1
1.五味子提取物的制备方法为:
称取五味子,洗净,干燥;按照料液比1:20加入95%的乙醇,在温度70~95℃下提取1~1.5h,过滤,重复步骤,将滤渣重复提取两次,合并滤液,浓缩,干燥即得五味子提取物。
2.鱼腥草挥发油的制备方法如下:
将鱼腥草洗净,干燥,粉碎后,加入料液比1:20的蒸馏水浸泡3~5h后,加热回流提取,收集得到鱼腥草挥发油。
3.鸡骨草醇提物的制备方法如下:
取新鲜的鸡骨草,烘干,粉碎成粉末,加入10倍量的95%乙醇,超声提取1~2h,抽滤,滤渣再加5~8倍的95%乙醇,超声提取1h,抽滤,合并两次滤液,减压回收乙醇至滤液的1/4,得鸡骨草醇提物。对比例1:
与实施例3的区别仅为不添加五味子提取物,其余各物质添加,制备条件与工艺均不发生改变。
对比例2:
与实施例3的区别仅为不添加鱼腥草挥发油,其余各物质添加,制备条件与工艺均不发生改变。
对比例3:
与实施例3的区别仅为不添加鸡骨草醇提取,其余各物质添加,制备条件与工艺均不发生改变。
对比例4:
与实施例3相比,五味子提取物、鱼腥草挥发油、鸡骨草醇提取物均不添加,其余各物质添加量、制备条件与工艺仍不发生改变。
抗菌功效验证:
将直径为6mm的纸片、固体培养基和蒸馏水用高压灭菌锅灭菌。将固体培养基冷却至55℃左右,倒入灭过菌的培养皿中,厚度约4mm,放置在水平桌面上冷却定形。
在无菌条件下用移液枪分别移取大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、痤疮丙酸杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌四种菌液0.1mL于培养皿中并用涂布器将菌液均匀涂布,并将不同菌种的培养皿分开做4个大组。
分别取若干纸片(6mm),放置在以上述实施例1~5与对比例1~4配方制备的共9份溶液中,并另取1份无菌水溶液为无药空白对照。浸泡2h,之后取出自然晾干,备用。
将每组培养皿分别放入不同样品制成的纸片后,放置于恒温培养箱中于37℃下培养24h,用游标卡尺测量抑菌圈直径。
表2
在表2中可以发现,对比例4与无菌水的抑菌直径比较接近,说明本次实验使用的基础祛痘霜抗菌能力较弱,可忽略。
同时将对比例4、对比例1~3和实施例1~5放一起看,可以发现呈现出几个跳跃式差距,说明对比例1~3比对比例4多添加的部分,即本发明防腐剂的部分成分,具有抗菌能力;同时可以发现完整添加全部成分与添加一部分成分,即实施例与对比例,其效果也有明显差别,说明本发明防腐剂各部分成分之间存在相互的协同作用,只有在一起使用时,才能发挥最好的作用,达到所需的抗菌效果。
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的实施方案,并没有对本发明有任何形式上的限制;任何从事本专业的技术人员,都有能力利用已揭示的技术内容,对其作出一些更动或修饰,成为等同变化的等效实施例。根据本发明技术实质,对本发明进行简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种防腐剂,其特征在于,所述的防腐剂包括五味子提取物、鱼腥草挥发油、鸡骨草醇提取物的植物成分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防腐剂,其特征在于,所述的五味子提取物、鱼腥草挥发油、鸡骨草醇提物的重量份如下:
五味子提取物 0.1-1.0份
鱼腥草挥发油 0.1-0.9份
鸡骨草醇提物 0.2-1.0份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种防腐剂,其特征在于,所述的五味子提取物、鱼腥草挥发油、鸡骨草醇提物的重量份如下:
五味子提取物 0.3-0.8份
鱼腥草挥发油 0.2-0.6份
鸡骨草醇提物 0.4-0.8份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的一种防腐剂,其特征在于,所述的五味子提取物的制备方法为:称取五味子,洗净,干燥;按照料液比1:20加入95%的乙醇,在温度70-95℃下提取1-1.5h,过滤,重复步骤,将滤渣重复提取两次,合并滤液,浓缩,干燥即得五味子提取物。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的一种防腐剂,其特征在于,所述的鱼腥草挥发油的制备方法如下:将鱼腥草洗净,干燥,粉碎后,加入料液比1:20的蒸馏水浸泡3-5h后,加热回流提取,收集得到鱼腥草挥发油。
6.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的一种防腐剂,其特征在于,所述的鸡骨草醇提物的制备方法如下:取新鲜的鸡骨草,烘干,粉碎成粉末,加入10倍量的95%乙醇,超声提取1-2h,抽滤,滤渣再加5-8倍的95%乙醇,超声提取1h,抽滤,合并两次滤液,减压回收乙醇至滤液的1/4,得鸡骨草醇提物。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的一种防腐剂在制备化妆品中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的化妆品为祛痘霜。
9.一种含天然防腐剂的祛痘霜,其特征在于,所述的祛痘霜包括如下重量份组分:如权利要求1所述的防腐剂0.9-2.2份、丙二醇3.7-8.0份、鲸蜡硬脂醇8.5-12份、甘油硬脂酸酯3.6-10份、丁二醇2.3-4.6份、角鲨烷2.5-7.0份、聚二甲基硅氧烷1.5-4.3份、异十六烷2.1-4.5份、卡波姆0.01-0.03份、黄原胶0.03-0.12份、薄荷醇0.01-0.05份、苦参提取物0.02-0.06份、忍冬花提取物0.03-0.08份、尿囊素1.0-2.5份、EDTA二钠0.01-0.08份、去离子水余量。
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