CN107370705A - FFT optimization method in the capture of high dynamic weakly continuous phase modulated signal - Google Patents
FFT optimization method in the capture of high dynamic weakly continuous phase modulated signal Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2689—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation
- H04L27/2695—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation with channel estimation, e.g. determination of delay spread, derivative or peak tracking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2657—Carrier synchronisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2668—Details of algorithms
- H04L27/2669—Details of algorithms characterised by the domain of operation
- H04L27/2672—Frequency domain
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
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- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/38—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
- H04L27/3845—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits using non - coherent demodulation, i.e. not using a phase synchronous carrier
- H04L27/3854—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits using non - coherent demodulation, i.e. not using a phase synchronous carrier using a non - coherent carrier, including systems with baseband correction for phase or frequency offset
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
- H04L2027/0024—Carrier regulation at the receiver end
- H04L2027/0026—Correction of carrier offset
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Abstract
FFT optimization method, mainly solves the problems, such as that prior art capture time and sample frequency are too high in being captured the invention discloses a kind of high dynamic weakly continuous phase modulated signal.Its implementation is:First the signal received is filtered successively in receiving terminal, down coversion and digital sample, obtains baseband complex signal and frequency difference compensation is carried out to it;FFT computings are carried out to signal after compensation and local CA codes modulated signal respectively again, and leave preceding 1/4 data after calculating, remaining 3/4 data are arranged to zero, obtain two groups of sample sequences;Then by two groups of sample sequence conjugate multiplications, result progress IFFT computings are obtained into correlation function;Last pair correlation function carry out accumulation and square, obtain judgement amount, if obvious peak value occurs in judgement amount, judge acquisition success, otherwise unsuccessful.The present invention improves capture time, reduces complexity, available in CPM signal acquisition systems and satellite communication without using too high sample frequency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to space communications technique field, more particularly to a kind of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in signal capture
FFT points optimization methods, available for high dynamic weakly continuous phase-modulation CPM signal acquisition systems and satellite based on correlation function
The communications field.
Background technology
The weak CPM signal captures of high dynamic are the premises that system is normally carried out follow-up work, and it is widely used in satellite communication,
Especially field of deep space communication, but power and bandwidth can be very limited.Spread spectrum because its strong antijamming capability, can
The features such as being communicated under Arctic ice area, it is the most frequently used technology in the above-mentioned communications field.Weigh the capture of spread-spectrum signal
Can index be mainly the complexity of system, capture time and be captured as power, these problems are the key points for needing to pay close attention to.
In research at home and abroad, the capture of the CPM weak signals by spread processing is primarily directed to pseudo-code phase and load
The synchronization of ripple Doppler frequency, traditional technology mainly have:Independent channel method, sliding correlation detector method, matched filter method etc., this
Although a little methods realize that simply for the complexity of system than relatively low, most capture time is very long, it is impossible to meets actual
Demand.In late 1980s, with the development of FFT technique and DSP technologies, the acquisition algorithm based on FFT is increasingly becoming this
Area research focus.Related operation in time domain is changed into the conjugation of frequency domain using FFT property by FFT and IFFT computings
Multiplication operation so that the operation times of whole acquisition procedure greatly reduce, and this method is used for GPS receiver.It is same with this
When, some scholars it is also proposed the optimized algorithm of correlation.
Vandana Patel are in " Reduced-Size FFT Correlation Techniques For GPS
One is proposed in Signal Acquisition ", Evolution in Networks and Computer Communications
Kind reduces the optimized algorithm for participating in related operation FFT points, and Capturing Models of the algorithm according to the correlation function of spread-spectrum signal are logical
Crossing reduces FFT and IFFT sample frequency, to reduce the points that each code element cycle in signal participates in computing, can thus drop
Low capture time, improve capture rate.As shown in Figure 1, its specific implementation step is as follows for basic Capturing Models:The first step,
It is local to preset an initial hypothesis Doppler-frequency estimation value using complex carrier signal generatorIt is by frequencyComplex carrier signal
Signal is multiplied with reception signal, then carries out N point FFT computings, wherein, N is the sampling of the CPM modulated signals in a spreading code cycle
Points;Second step, CPM modulation is carried out to local spreading code, then carry out N points FFT calculating, its complex conjugate is asked to all points;The
Three steps, the result obtained to first two steps are multiplied, and carry out N points IFFT calculating, one group of cross-correlation function value are obtained, if obtained bright
Aobvious peak value, then it represents that acquisition success, the Doppler-frequency estimation value now assumedAnd code phase, if do not obtained bright
Aobvious peak value, then separately set new hypothesis Doppler-frequency estimation valueAnd repeat said process.
In this optimized algorithm, the sample frequency for carrying out FFT and IFFT is 20MHz, and spreading rate is 1.024MHz, is being expanded
In frequency code a cycle 1ms time, there are 20000 sampled points, if sample frequency is reduced as 1/4 originally, in an expansion
In the frequency code cycle, sampling number is reduced to 5000, can thus reduce by 3/4 amount of calculation.But in actual applications, adopt
Sample frequency can't be arranged to nearly 20 times of spreading rate, also, it reduces the way of sample frequency, even if sample frequency reduces
To original 1/8, also meet the requirement of Nyquist criterion, therefore requirement of such way to system hardware is very high, and
Cause a large amount of wastes for calculating data.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of high dynamic weakly continuous phase-modulation letter
FFT optimization method in number capture, with relatively low sample frequency and system complexity, obtain higher acquisition probability and less catch
Obtain the time.
Realize the technical scheme is that, for each hypothesis Doppler-frequency estimation value, respectively to local expansion
Frequency code and receiving terminal process signal carry out FFT calculating, then intercept the point that main information is included in result of calculation, and by left point
Zero is dimensioned to, according to the good autocorrelation performance of spreading code, one-time calculation goes out corresponding to all local spread spectrum code phases
Cross correlation value, then accumulated and taken the processing of envelope, terminal decision whether acquisition success.Implementation step includes as follows:
(1) in transmitting terminal, a segment information sequence is passed through into CA code spread spectrum operations, one group of frequency expansion sequence is formed, to the sequence
Offset quadrature phase-shift-keying SOQPSK modulation and up-conversion, the radiofrequency signal sent are formed successively;
(2) in receiving terminal, the radiofrequency signal received is filtered successively, down coversion and digital sample, obtains base band
Complex signal rn;
(3) to baseband complex signal rnCarry out frequency difference compensation:
The Doppler-frequency estimation value of (3a) calculation assumptionAnd complex carrier signal generator is utilized, obtain complex carrier signal signalWherein tnIt is n-th of sampling instant;
(3b) utilizes complex carrier signal signalTo baseband complex signal rnCompensate, be compensated rear signal
(4) to signal after compensationCarry out N points FFT to calculate, leave preceding 1/4 data being calculated, and by more than
Under 3/4 data be arranged to zero, obtain frequency domain sample sequence [Y0,Y1...Yi...YN-1], i=0,1,2...N-1, wherein N
It is signal after compensatingCarry out the points of FFT calculating;IfThen YiIt is signal after compensatingBy N points
I-th of data that FFT is calculated, ifThen YiIt is 0;
(5) the CA codes used in (1) are subjected to SOQPSK modulation, carrying out N points FFT to the data after modulation calculates, and leaves
Preceding 1/4 data being calculated, and remaining 3/4 data are arranged to zero, then the complex conjugate of all data is calculated, obtain
To frequency domain sample sequenceIfThenIt is that data pass through N after modulating
The complex conjugate for h-th of data that point FFT is calculated, ifThenIt is 0;
(6) by [Y0,Y1...Yi...YN-1] withIt is multiplied, then N points IFFT is carried out to multiplied result
Calculate, obtain all code phasesCorresponding correlation function
(7) to the correlation function in adjacent spreading code cycleAdded up, the correlation function after being handled
(8) pair correlation functionSquare operation is carried out, obtains decision valueConfirm further according to the decision value
Whether acquisition success:IfIn the presence of obvious peak value, then it is assumed that acquisition success, it is on the contrary, then it is assumed that capture failure.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art:
First, the present invention does not need to use too high sample frequency, it is only necessary to meet nyquist sampling criterion,
The complexity of system is reduced, is more easily implemented on hardware.
Second, the present invention intercepts to the FFT result of calculations of reception signal and local spreading code first, then again will be by
The point given up is arranged to zero, so does the autocorrelation performance for being capable of basic guarantee sequence, can also save and calculate the time.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the existing correlation function catching method schematic diagram based on FFT
Fig. 2 is the high dynamic CPM weak signal capture systems schematic diagrames that the present invention uses;
Fig. 3 realizes schematic diagram for the present invention's;
Fig. 4 is with the existing correlation function catching method judgement capture whether successful analogous diagram of signal based on FFT;
Fig. 5 is to capture the whether successful analogous diagram of signal with present invention judgement.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention and effect are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Reference picture 2, the weak CPM signal acquisition systems of the high dynamic based on correlation function of the present embodiment application, including send
End and receiving terminal, channel model use the Gaussian white noise channel of additional carrier frequency deviation and skew.Its basic functional principle is as follows:
Transmitting terminal, one segment information sequence is subjected to Direct-Spread operation using spreading code, it is formed afterwards skew
QPSK SOQPSK is modulated, the baseband complex signal sent, then the radiofrequency signal sent after up-conversion;
Receiving terminal, the radiofrequency signal received is filtered successively, base band letter in reply is obtained after down coversion and digital sample
Number rn.By based on the acquisition procedure of fft algorithm to baseband complex signal rnCorrelation function calculating is carried out, obtains that there is sentencing for peak value
Certainly measure, Doppler frequency and code phase corresponding to the decision value, as need the frequency deviation and code-phase compensated to reception signal
Position.
Involved in the present invention be improved for the data of FFT computings, i.e., by calculating participating in correlation function
The optimization of data, realize and the peak value of judgement amount obtained with relatively low sample frequency and relatively low system complexity, obtain carrier wave frequency deviation and
Code phase.
Step bag is realized in reference picture 3, the progress FFT optimizations of the invention in the capture of high dynamic weakly continuous phase modulated signal
Include as follows:
Step 1, in transmitting terminal, a segment information sequence is passed through into CA code spread spectrum operations, one group of frequency expansion sequence is formed, to the sequence
Offset quadrature phase-shift-keying SOQPSK modulation and up-conversion, the radiofrequency signal sent is formed in row.
The code length of the CA codes used in the embodiment of the present invention is 1024, and spreading rate is 1.024MHz, and information sequence grows 200
Bit.SOQPSK modulation is carried out again after being spread to information sequence, the baseband complex signal sent:
S (t)=sI(t)+jsQ(t), wherein sIAnd s (t)Q(t) it is respectively in-phase component signal and orthogonal component signal;
The baseband complex signal s (t) of transmission is passed through into up-conversion, the radiofrequency signal sent again.
Step 2, in receiving terminal, the radiofrequency signal received is filtered successively, obtained after down coversion and digital sample
Baseband complex signal rn, it is expressed as:
rn=s (tn-ts)·exp[j2π·fd·tn]+xn,
Wherein, rnIt is in the case of discrete time, to reception signal in tnThe sampled value at moment, s (tn-ts) it is CA codes warp
Cross the complex baseband signal that SOQPSK modulates to obtain, tsIt is baseband complex signal s (tn-ts) initial time, and the one of its code phase
Individual measurement, fdIt is Doppler frequency, tn=nTs, wherein Ts=1/fsOr Ts=tn-tn-1For sampling interval, fsIt is the sampling of signal
Speed, xnIt is the multiple Gauss stochastic variable of zero-mean, variance δ2=N0/ 2, N0For noise one-sided power spectrum density.
Sampling rate f is taken in the present embodiments=4.096MHz, carrier wave frequency deviation fd=18KHz, code phase are that 128 chips are wide
Degree.
Step 3, to baseband complex signal rnCarry out frequency difference compensation.
The Doppler-frequency estimation value of hypothesis is calculated as follows in (3a)
Wherein L=(fd max-fd min)/δf+ 1, δf=2/5TCOH, TCOHIt is the coherent accumulation cycle, fd min=-120KHz is
The minimum value of Doppler-frequency estimation value, fd max=120KHz is the maximum of Doppler-frequency estimation value.
(3b) is according to the Doppler-frequency estimation value of hypothesisComplex carrier signal signal is obtained using complex carrier signal generator:
Wherein tnIt is n-th of sampling instant, j is imaginary unit;
(3c) utilizes complex carrier signal signalTo baseband complex signal rnCompensate, be compensated rear signal:
Wherein n=0,1,2 ..., N-1.
Step 4, the frequency domain sample sequence of reception signal is obtained according to signal after compensation.
To signal after compensationCarry out N points FFT to calculate, leave preceding 1/4 data being calculated, and by remainder
3/4 data be arranged to zero, obtain the frequency domain sample sequence [Y of reception signal0,Y1...Yi...YN-1], i=0,1,2...N-
1, wherein N are signals after compensationCarry out the points of FFT calculating, YiBe reception signal frequency domain sample sequence in i-th
Data, changed according to i value, it may be determined that YiTake different numerical value:
IfThen YiIt is signal after compensatingI-th of the data calculated by N points FFT;
IfThen YiSize be 0.
Step 5, local frequency domain sample sequence is obtained according to local CA codes.
The CA codes used in step 1 are carried out SOQPSK modulation by (5a), are carried out N point FFT computings to the data after modulation, are obtained
To local frequency domain sample sequence [S0,S1...Sm...SN-1], m=0,1,2 ... N-1, wherein SmIt is that signal passes through N points after modulating
The than the m-th data that FFT is calculated,
The mathematical notation of the step is:
Wherein [s0,s1...sN-1] it is CA codes after SOQPSK is modulated;
(5b) leaves local frequency domain sample sequence [S0,S1...SN-1] preceding 1/4 data, and by remaining 3/4 data
Zero is arranged to, then calculates the complex conjugate of all data, obtains local frequency domain sample sequenceIt is
H-th of data in local frequency domain sample sequence, h=0,1,2...N-1, changed according to h value, it may be determined thatTake different numbers
Value:
IfThenIt is complex conjugate of the data by N points FFT h-th of the data calculated after modulating;
IfThenIt is 0.
The mathematical notation of the step is:
Wherein, conj represents to take complex conjugate.
Step 6, correlation function is obtained according to the frequency domain sample sequence of reception signal and local frequency domain sample sequence.
By the frequency domain sample sequence [Y of reception signal0,Y1...Yi...YN-1] and local frequency domain sample sequenceIt is multiplied, then N points IFFT is carried out to multiplied result and calculated, obtains all code phasesCorresponding correlation
Function
Step 7, pair correlation function is accumulated.
(7a) sets the correlation function in r-th of spreading code cycleFor:
WhereinIt is signalReduced form, represent complex conjugate of the local CA codes after SOQPSK is modulated,
K=0,1,2...N-1,1≤r≤NCOH, NCOH=1,2,3... is the number for carrying out the cumulative accumulation cycle;
(7b) is by NCOHThe correlation function in individual cycleAdded up, obtained correlation function is:
Step 8, decision value is obtained according to the correlation function after accumulation.
In order to remove the influence of carrier wave skew, pair correlation functionSquare operation is carried out, obtains decision value
The effect of the present invention can be further illustrated by following emulation:
1. simulation system parameters are set
The emulation of the present invention uses the simulation softwares of Matlab 7.6, and simulation parameter is set and parameter one used in embodiment
Cause, i.e., channel model is using the Gaussian white noise channel of additional carrier frequency deviation and skew, information sequence 200 bits of length, Doppler
Frequency search range:[- 120KHz~120KHz], spreading rate 1.024Mchip/s, carrier doppler skew 18KHz.
2. emulation content
Emulation 1, if the code phase t of channel-attachsFor 128 chip width, after data have been carried out with FFT operations,
The size that all 4096 point datas calculate the cross-correlation function under different frequency deviations and code phase is chosen, as a result as shown in Figure 4.
From fig. 4, it can be seen that being 128 chip width in code phase and frequency deviation is that 18KHz point obvious peak occurs
Value, illustrates acquisition success.
Emulation 2, set the code phase t of channel-attachsFor 128 chip width, it is operated having carried out FFT to data
Afterwards, first 1024 points of all 4096 point datas are left, and remaining 3072 point datas are arranged to 0, other operations and emulation 1 one
Cause, obtain size of the cross-correlation function under different frequency deviations and code phase, as a result as shown in Figure 5.
From fig. 5, it can be seen that being 128 chip width in code phase and frequency deviation is that 18KHz point obvious peak occurs
Value, illustrates acquisition success.
Claims (3)
1. FFT optimization method in a kind of high dynamic weakly continuous phase modulated signal capture, including:
(1) in transmitting terminal, a segment information sequence is passed through into CA code spread spectrum operations, forms one group of frequency expansion sequence, to the sequence successively
Offset quadrature phase-shift-keying SOQPSK modulation and up-conversion, the radiofrequency signal sent is formed;
(2) in receiving terminal, the radiofrequency signal received is filtered successively, down coversion and digital sample, obtains base band letter in reply
Number rn;
(3) to baseband complex signal rnCarry out frequency difference compensation:
The Doppler-frequency estimation value of (3a) calculation assumptionAnd complex carrier signal generator is utilized, obtain complex carrier signal signal
Wherein tnIt is n-th of sampling instant;
(3b) utilizes complex carrier signal signalTo baseband complex signal rnCompensate, be compensated rear signal
(4) to signal after compensationCarry out N points FFT to calculate, leave preceding 1/4 data being calculated, and will be remaining
3/4 data is arranged to zero, obtains frequency domain sample sequence [Y0,Y1...Yi...YN-1], i=0,1,2...N-1, wherein N is to mend
Repay rear signalCarry out the points of FFT calculating;IfThen YiIt is signal after compensatingCounted by N points FFT
I-th of the data calculated, ifThen YiIt is 0;
(5) the CA codes used in (1) are subjected to SOQPSK modulation, carrying out N points FFT to the data after modulation calculates, and leaves calculating
Obtained preceding 1/4 data, and remaining 3/4 data are arranged to zero, then the complex conjugate of all data is calculated, obtain frequency
Domain sample sequenceIfThenIt is that data pass through N points FFT after modulating
The complex conjugate of h-th of the data calculated, ifThenIt is 0;
(6) by [Y0,Y1...Yi...YN-1] withIt is multiplied, then N points IFFT is carried out to multiplied result and calculated,
Obtain all code phasesCorresponding correlation function
(7) to the correlation function in adjacent spreading code cycleAdded up, the correlation function after being handled
(8) pair correlation functionSquare operation is carried out, obtains decision valueIt is confirmed whether further according to the decision value
Acquisition success:IfIn the presence of obvious peak value, then it is assumed that acquisition success, it is on the contrary, then it is assumed that capture failure.
2. according to the method for claim 1, the Doppler-frequency estimation value of calculation assumption wherein in step (3a)By such as
Lower formula is carried out:
Wherein L=(fdmax-fdmin)/δf+ 1, δf=2/5TCOH, TCOHIt is the coherent accumulation cycle, fdmin=-120KHz is Doppler
The minimum value of frequency estimation, fdmax=120KHz is the maximum of Doppler-frequency estimation value.
3. the method according to claim 11, wherein correlation function of the step (7) to the adjacent spreading code cycleCarry out
It is cumulative, carry out as follows:
(7a) sets the correlation function in r-th of spreading code cycleFor:
WhereinIt is signalReduced form, represent complex conjugate of the local CA codes after SOQPSK is modulated, 1≤r
≤NCOH, NCOH=1,2,3... is the number for carrying out the cumulative accumulation cycle;
(7b) is by NCOHThe correlation function in individual cycleAdded up, obtained correlation function is:
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CN112965090A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Spread spectrum CPM signal capturing method with modulation index h >1 and h being half integer |
CN113422635A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-21 | 南京邮电大学 | Collision-tolerant random access method for satellite Internet of things system in high-load scene |
CN114553656A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | Weak signal capturing method based on unequal-length double-block zero-filling algorithm |
CN114553656B (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2023-07-28 | 西安电子科技大学 | Weak signal capturing method based on unequal-length double-block zero padding algorithm |
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