CN107366037A - 一种聚酯单丝及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚酯单丝及其制备方法,属于化学纤维领域。本发明聚酯单丝由聚酯切片熔融挤出,通过喷丝孔喷出,经上浆液冷却包浆,再经牵伸、热定型、卷绕成型;所述上浆液由聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯醇、改性纳米二氧化钛、甘油和去离子水组成。本发明的有益效果是:本发明聚酯单丝强度高,并具有较好的回弹性能,值得推广与使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚酯单丝及其制备方法,属于化学纤维领域。
背景技术
聚酯单丝主要有黑、透明两种颜色,黑色塑钢线主要用于温室外拉幕系统及室外遮阳棚,做压膜线之用的产品。聚酯单丝可以作为葡萄架的支撑线使用,由于它表面平滑,所以不会伤害到葡萄枝叶及果实,添加抗紫外线成分可以避免强光照射的损害,同时化学性质稳定可以耐酸耐碱不会被腐蚀。还可以应用于悬挂物品、禽类(鸡、鸭等)养殖和畜牧养殖业的护栏,并且可以应用于水产养殖以及蓄水池等。
目前,聚酯单丝的制备方法有熔融法、直接纺丝法等。熔融法制备聚酯单丝,一般是由聚酯切片在235~245℃的温度下纺丝,经35℃水浴冷却,并经85~95℃的水浴第一道拉伸,再经150~180℃的第二道热空气拉伸,然后经180~220℃的热空气定型,上油后在120m/min的卷绕速度下卷绕成型,获得成品单丝。直接纺丝法制备聚酯单丝,是从喷丝头纺出、冷却固化后,再赋予整理剂,并将整理后的聚酯单丝纱条以300~800m/min的速度进行牵引,然后在暂时不卷绕未拉伸丝的情况下依次拉绕到3个以上加热辊上进行多段拉伸而得。但这些方法制得的聚酯单丝还存在回弹性能较差、强度低的问题。
因此,亟待开发一种回弹性能好、强度高的聚酯单丝具有必要的意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:针对传统聚酯单丝回弹性能较差、强度低的弊端,提供了一种聚酯单丝及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下所述的技术方案是:
一种聚酯单丝,所述聚酯单丝由聚酯切片熔融挤出,通过喷丝孔喷出,经上浆液冷却包浆,再经牵伸、热定型、卷绕成型。
所述聚酯切片为按质量比(9.0~9.5):1混合的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯与聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯。
所述熔融温度为235~245℃。
所述上浆液由10~15重量份聚丙烯酸酯,20~25重量份聚乙烯醇,5~8重量份改性纳米二氧化钛,2~3重量份甘油,300~500重量份去离子水组成。
所述改性纳米二氧化钛为20~24体积份钛酸四丁酯与70~80体积份无水乙醇混合后,再加入30~40体积份硅烷水解液,40~50体积份无水乙醇,10~20体积份冰醋酸,12~15体积份的质量分数为5%硝酸镧溶液,搅拌反应1~2h后陈化6~8h,经离心分离、醇洗、干燥制得。
所述硅烷水解液为硅烷偶联剂KH-550水解在pH为4.5~5.5质量分数为20%的乙醇溶液中,硅烷偶联剂KH-550用量为乙醇溶液质量的12~24%。
所述的一种聚酯单丝的制备方法,具体制备步骤为:
S1.将聚酯切片熔融挤出,通过喷丝孔喷出,并进入30~50℃上浆液中缓冷包浆;
S2.再于85~95℃水浴中进行第一道拉伸,第一道拉伸的速度为105~115m/min,第一道拉伸的拉伸时间为5~8s,第一道拉伸的温度为85~95℃,第一道拉伸的拉伸比为5.0~5.5;
S3.再于热空气中进行第二道拉伸,第二道拉伸的速度为105~115m/min,第二道拉伸的拉伸时间为5~8s,第二道拉伸的温度为150~180℃,第二道拉伸的拉伸比为3.2~3.6;
S4.再于热空气中进行第一道热定型,第一道热定型的温度为180~225℃,第一道热定型的松弛比为15~20%,第一道热定型的时间为5~8s;
S5.再于热空气中进行第二道热定型,第二道热定型的温度为225~235℃,第二道热定型的松弛比为4~8%,第二道热定型的时间为5~8s;
S6.再以120~200m/min的卷绕速度下卷绕成型,得聚酯单丝。
本发明与其他方法相比,有益技术效果是:
(1)本发明通过硅烷水解液与稀土元素协同改性,在生成的纳米二氧化钛表面包覆硅烷与稀土氧化物的保护膜,提高纳米二氧化钛的分散性,改善聚酯的机械性能;
(2)本发明利用聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯与聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯两种组分具有不同热收缩性、模量等力学参数,当复合纤维受热时,两种组分产生差异性收缩,获得类似羊毛的三维螺旋状卷曲,表现出良好的延展性和弹性回复率,再通过上浆液包浆,改善两种组分的结合强度和紧密度,并利用硅烷水解液与稀土元素协同改性,在生成的纳米二氧化钛表面包覆硅烷与稀土氧化物的保护膜,提高纳米二氧化钛在聚酯中的分散性,改善聚酯的强度。
具体实施方式
首先取30~40mL质量分数为20%乙醇溶液,并用质量分数为1%乙酸溶液调节乙醇溶液pH为4.5~5.5,再加入4~5g硅烷偶联剂KH-550,以300~400r/min搅拌3~5h,得硅烷水解液;再取20~24mL钛酸四丁酯,70~80mL无水乙醇,以500~600r/min搅拌30~40min,得混合液,将混合液加入硅烷水解液中,再加入40~50mL无水乙醇,10~20mL冰醋酸,12~15mL质量分数为5%硝酸镧溶液,继续搅拌1~2h后,得复合反应液;并将复合反应液陈化6~8h后转入离心机中离心分离,得到沉淀,并用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀3~5次,随后转入干燥箱中,在105~110℃下干燥至恒重,将干燥后的滤渣装入研钵中研磨成粉末,得改性纳米二氧化钛;取10~15g聚丙烯酸酯,20~25g聚乙烯醇,5~8g改性纳米二氧化钛,2~3g甘油加入300~500mL去离子水中,以300~400r/min搅拌20~30min,得上浆液;最后按质量比(9.0~9.5):1将聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯与聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯的切片混合后在235~245℃下熔融挤出,通过喷丝孔喷出,并进入30~50℃上浆液中缓冷,再于85~95℃水浴中进行第一道拉伸,第一道拉伸的速度为105~115m/min,第一道拉伸的拉伸时间为5~8s,第一道拉伸的温度为85~95℃,第一道拉伸的拉伸比为5.0~5.5,再于热空气中进行第二道拉伸,第二道拉伸的速度为105~115m/min,第二道拉伸的拉伸时间为5~8s,第二道拉伸的温度为150~180℃,第二道拉伸的拉伸比为3.2~3.6,再于热空气中进行第一道热定型,第一道热定型的温度为180~225℃,第一道热定型的松弛比为15~20%,第一道热定型的时间为5~8s;再于热空气中进行第二道热定型,第二道热定型的温度为225~235℃,第二道热定型的松弛比为4~8%,第二道热定型的时间为5~8s,再在120~200m/min的卷绕速度下卷绕成型,得聚酯单丝。
实例1
首先取30mL质量分数为20%乙醇溶液,并用质量分数为1%乙酸溶液调节乙醇溶液pH为4.5,再加入4g硅烷偶联剂KH-550,以300r/min搅拌3h,得硅烷水解液;再取20mL钛酸四丁酯,70mL无水乙醇,以500r/min搅拌30min,得混合液,将混合液加入硅烷水解液中,再加入40mL无水乙醇,10mL冰醋酸,12mL质量分数为5%硝酸镧溶液,继续搅拌1h后,得复合反应液;并将复合反应液陈化6h后转入离心机中离心分离,得到沉淀,并用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀3次,随后转入干燥箱中,在105℃下干燥至恒重,将干燥后的滤渣装入研钵中研磨成粉末,得改性纳米二氧化钛;取10g聚丙烯酸酯,20g聚乙烯醇,5g改性纳米二氧化钛,2g甘油加入300mL去离子水中,以300r/min搅拌20min,得上浆液;最后按质量比9.0:1将聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯与聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯的切片混合后在235℃下熔融挤出,通过喷丝孔喷出,并进入30℃上浆液中缓冷,再于85℃水浴中进行第一道拉伸,第一道拉伸的速度为105m/min,第一道拉伸的拉伸时间为5s,第一道拉伸的温度为85℃,第一道拉伸的拉伸比为5.0,再于热空气中进行第二道拉伸,第二道拉伸的速度为105m/min,第二道拉伸的拉伸时间为5s,第二道拉伸的温度为150℃,第二道拉伸的拉伸比为3.2,再于热空气中进行第一道热定型,第一道热定型的温度为180℃,第一道热定型的松弛比为15%,第一道热定型的时间为5s;再于热空气中进行第二道热定型,第二道热定型的温度为225℃,第二道热定型的松弛比为4%,第二道热定型的时间为5s,再在120m/min的卷绕速度下卷绕成型,得聚酯单丝。
实例2
首先取35mL质量分数为20%乙醇溶液,并用质量分数为1%乙酸溶液调节乙醇溶液pH为5.0,再加入5g硅烷偶联剂KH-550,以350r/min搅拌4h,得硅烷水解液;再取22mL钛酸四丁酯,75mL无水乙醇,以550r/min搅拌35min,得混合液,将混合液加入硅烷水解液中,再加入45mL无水乙醇,15mL冰醋酸,13mL质量分数为5%硝酸镧溶液,继续搅拌2h后,得复合反应液;并将复合反应液陈化7h后转入离心机中离心分离,得到沉淀,并用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀4次,随后转入干燥箱中,在108℃下干燥至恒重,将干燥后的滤渣装入研钵中研磨成粉末,得改性纳米二氧化钛;取13g聚丙烯酸酯,23g聚乙烯醇,7g改性纳米二氧化钛,3g甘油加入400mL去离子水中,以350r/min搅拌25min,得上浆液;最后按质量比9.3:1将聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯与聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯的切片混合后在240℃下熔融挤出,通过喷丝孔喷出,并进入40℃上浆液中缓冷,再于90℃水浴中进行第一道拉伸,第一道拉伸的速度为110m/min,第一道拉伸的拉伸时间为7s,第一道拉伸的温度为90℃,第一道拉伸的拉伸比为5.3,再于热空气中进行第二道拉伸,第二道拉伸的速度为110m/min,第二道拉伸的拉伸时间为7s,第二道拉伸的温度为165℃,第二道拉伸的拉伸比为3.4,再于热空气中进行第一道热定型,第一道热定型的温度为202℃,第一道热定型的松弛比为18%,第一道热定型的时间为7s;再于热空气中进行第二道热定型,第二道热定型的温度为230℃,第二道热定型的松弛比为6%,第二道热定型的时间为7s,再在160m/min的卷绕速度下卷绕成型,得聚酯单丝。
实例3
首先取40mL质量分数为20%乙醇溶液,并用质量分数为1%乙酸溶液调节乙醇溶液pH为5.5,再加入5g硅烷偶联剂KH-550,以400r/min搅拌5h,得硅烷水解液;再取24mL钛酸四丁酯,80mL无水乙醇,以600r/min搅拌40min,得混合液,将混合液加入硅烷水解液中,再加入50mL无水乙醇,20mL冰醋酸,15mL质量分数为5%硝酸镧溶液,继续搅拌2h后,得复合反应液;并将复合反应液陈化8h后转入离心机中离心分离,得到沉淀,并用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀5次,随后转入干燥箱中,在110℃下干燥至恒重,将干燥后的滤渣装入研钵中研磨成粉末,得改性纳米二氧化钛;取15g聚丙烯酸酯,25g聚乙烯醇,8g改性纳米二氧化钛,3g甘油加入500mL去离子水中,以400r/min搅拌30min,得上浆液;最后按质量比9.5:1将聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯与聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯的切片混合后在245℃下熔融挤出,通过喷丝孔喷出,并进入50℃上浆液中缓冷,再于95℃水浴中进行第一道拉伸,第一道拉伸的速度为115m/min,第一道拉伸的拉伸时间为8s,第一道拉伸的温度为95℃,第一道拉伸的拉伸比为5.5,再于热空气中进行第二道拉伸,第二道拉伸的速度为115m/min,第二道拉伸的拉伸时间为8s,第二道拉伸的温度为180℃,第二道拉伸的拉伸比为3.6,再于热空气中进行第一道热定型,第一道热定型的温度为225℃,第一道热定型的松弛比为20%,第一道热定型的时间为8s;再于热空气中进行第二道热定型,第二道热定型的温度为235℃,第二道热定型的松弛比为8%,第二道热定型的时间为8s,再在200m/min的卷绕速度下卷绕成型,得聚酯单丝。
对照例:浙江某公司生产的聚酯单丝。
将上述实施例所得聚酯单丝与对照例的聚酯单丝进行检测,具体检测如下:
1、拉伸性能:参照GB/T 8960—2008《涤纶牵伸丝拉伸性能试验方法》,用YG023A全自动单纱强力机测试单丝的拉伸性能;
2、回弹率测试:在XL-2型纱线强伸度仪上,夹持距离250mm,拉伸速度250mm/min,停顿和松弛时间均为5min,进行定伸长10%和15%的测试。
结果如表一所示。
表一:
由上表可知,本发明聚酯单丝强度高,并具有较好的回弹性能。
Claims (7)
1.一种聚酯单丝,其特征在于,所述聚酯单丝由聚酯切片熔融挤出,通过喷丝孔喷出,经上浆液冷却包浆,再经牵伸、热定型、卷绕成型。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种聚酯单丝,其特征在于,所述聚酯切片为按质量比(9.0~9.5):1混合的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯与聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种聚酯单丝,其特征在于,所述熔融温度为235~245℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种聚酯单丝,其特征在于,所述上浆液由10~15重量份聚丙烯酸酯,20~25重量份聚乙烯醇,5~8重量份改性纳米二氧化钛,2~3重量份甘油,300~500重量份去离子水组成。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种聚酯单丝,其特征在于,所述改性纳米二氧化钛为20~24体积份钛酸四丁酯与70~80体积份无水乙醇混合后,再加入30~40体积份硅烷水解液,40~50体积份无水乙醇,10~20体积份冰醋酸,12~15体积份的质量分数为5%硝酸镧溶液,搅拌反应1~2h后陈化6~8h,经离心分离、醇洗、干燥制得。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种聚酯单丝,其特征在于,所述硅烷水解液为硅烷偶联剂KH-550水解在pH为4.5~5.5质量分数为20%的乙醇溶液中,硅烷偶联剂KH-550用量为乙醇溶液质量的12~24%。
7.如权利要求1~6任一项所述的一种聚酯单丝的制备方法,其特征在于,具体制备步骤为:
S1.将聚酯切片熔融挤出,通过喷丝孔喷出,并进入30~50℃上浆液中缓冷包浆;
S2.再于85~95℃水浴中进行第一道拉伸,第一道拉伸的速度为105~115m/min,第一道拉伸的拉伸时间为5~8s,第一道拉伸的温度为85~95℃,第一道拉伸的拉伸比为5.0~5.5;
S3.再于热空气中进行第二道拉伸,第二道拉伸的速度为105~115m/min,第二道拉伸的拉伸时间为5~8s,第二道拉伸的温度为150~180℃,第二道拉伸的拉伸比为3.2~3.6;
S4.再于热空气中进行第一道热定型,第一道热定型的温度为180~225℃,第一道热定型的松弛比为15~20%,第一道热定型的时间为5~8s;
S5.再于热空气中进行第二道热定型,第二道热定型的温度为225~235℃,第二道热定型的松弛比为4~8%,第二道热定型的时间为5~8s;
S6.再以120~200m/min的卷绕速度下卷绕成型,得聚酯单丝。
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