CN107361238A - A kind of preparation method of the expanded slow settling feed of grass carp - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the expanded slow settling feed of grass carp Download PDFInfo
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- CN107361238A CN107361238A CN201610306726.7A CN201610306726A CN107361238A CN 107361238 A CN107361238 A CN 107361238A CN 201610306726 A CN201610306726 A CN 201610306726A CN 107361238 A CN107361238 A CN 107361238A
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- feed
- grass carp
- expanded
- vitamin
- slow settling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of configuration mode of the expanded slow settling feed of grass carp, by the use ratio for reducing flour in grass carp expanded pellet diet, flour ratio is 10%~12% in the expanded slow settling feed, using the proportioning of grass carp sinking feed, use the equipment of expanded pellet diet, flour is fully cured, improves the growth performance and health degree of grass carp.Compared with grass carp sinking feed, reduce the pulverization rate of feed, reduce the waste of feed during feeding, protect the water quality of breeding water body；Compared with the expanded buoyancy feed of grass carp, feed cost effectively reduces, and health degree significantly increases.Therefore, the expanded slow settling feed of grass carp more scientific and sustainability in grass carp breeding production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Preparation method and use of expanded slow settling feed.
Background technology
Grass carp is the maximum fresh water kind of domestic cultivation amount, in recent years, with the rise of formula crude fat ratio, grit
Pulverization rate is too high in feed configuration process, is not only wasted greatly during feeding, and polluted water., can be with using expanded pellet diet
Effectively reduce and feed loss, but because bulking process requires that starch proportion is higher, curing degree is good in process, is cultivating
Often cause the glucogen fatty liver of grass carp in journey, belly is bigger than normal, and the bodily form is partially fertile, and later stage feed coefficient is higher, causes aquaculture cost
It is too high, whole process using expanded pellet diet occur the resistance to transport of fish body poor, incidence of disease height, build it is short and thick, " pregnant ", the problems such as.Supporting
It during growing, can only often be fed by using expanded pellet diet and the mixing of heavy particle water feed, expanded feeding is used to alleviate whole process
A series of problems of material.
Therefore, with reference to production technology and feed of grass carp nutritional need, configuration can realize the whole expanded feeding of grass carp fed
Material, there is important meaning to Feed Enterprise and breeding production.
The content of the invention
A kind of it is an aspect of the present invention to provide collocation method of the expanded slow settling feed of grass carp bottom surface powder；
The premix that second aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of grass carp expanded slow settling feed raising immunity function and resistance against diseases is matched somebody with somebody
Put method；
Third aspect present invention be to provide a kind of whole cultivation grass carp of the expanded slow settling feed of grass carp be used to improving the speed of growth and/or
Reduce feed coefficient；And/or improve immunity function；And/or increase economic efficiency；And/or ensure the method for fish body bar shaped.
The expanded slow settling feed is with fish meal, meat meal tankage, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, rapeseed meal, flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, soya-bean oil, ferment
Female cream, rice bran, wheat bran, distillers ' grains, soya-bean oil, premix are prepared for primary raw material；
Described expanded slow settling feed premix is with vitamin, mineral matter, carnitine, bile acid, Choline Chloride, sodium butyrate, 35%VC
Phosphate, mould inhibitor, wait and prepared for primary raw material；
Fish meal 1%~5%, meat meal tankage 2~5%, dregs of beans 5~25%, the cotton dregs 1 of described expanded slow settling feed by weight percentage
~10%, rapeseed meal 5~35%, yeast extract 1~3%, rice bran 1~15%, wheat bran 1~20%, distillers ' grains 1~5%, flour 10~13%, phosphorus
Acid dihydride calcium 2~2.5%, soya-bean oil 1~3%, premix 1~4%；
Fish meal 1%~3%, meat meal tankage 2~10%, dregs of beans 5~10%, the cotton dregs of described expanded slow settling feed by weight percentage
1~10%, rapeseed meal 20~40%, yeast extract 1~3%, rice bran 1~10%, wheat bran 1~10%, distillers ' grains 1~5%, flour 10~13%,
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2~2.5%, soya-bean oil 1~3%, premix 1~4%；
Fish meal 0%~2%, meat meal tankage 1~10%, dregs of beans 5~20%, the cotton dregs of described expanded slow settling feed by weight percentage
1~15%, rapeseed meal 20~30%, beer cream 1~5%, rice bran 1~15%, wheat bran 1~15%, distillers ' grains 1~5%, flour 10~13%,
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2~2.5%, soya-bean oil 1~3%, premix 1~4%；
Described premix multidimensional 1~2 ‰, more ore deposits 5~10 ‰, 35%VC esters 0.5~2 ‰, carnitine 0.1 by weight percentage
~0.25 ‰, sodium butyrate 0.5~1 ‰, mould inhibitor 0.5~1 ‰；
The use ratio of flour is 10~13% in the feed；
Described vitamin content is（Feed per ton）：The g of vitamin A 10, vitamin B18 g, vitamin B28 g, dimension life
Plain B620g, vitamin B120.01 g, vitamin C 150g, calcium pantothenate 25g, the g of nicotinic acid 35, vitamin D35 g, vitamin E
50g, vitamin K 5g, folic acid 3 g, inositol 100g；
The micronutrient levels is（Feed per ton）：Cu 3.5 g, Fe 180g, Mn 50g, Zn 120g, I 0.65 g, Se
0.5 g, Co 0.5g；
The premix surplus can be carrier, such as：Maize cob meal, medical stone, zeolite powder etc..
Can select each minerals and vitamins origin of amino acid according to prior art, for example, the copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine,
Selenium can be respectively by copper sulphate CuSO4H2O, ferrous sulfate FeSO4H2O, manganese sulfate MnSO4H2O, zinc sulfate ZnSO4
H2O, KI KI, sodium selenite Na2SeO3 are provided.
The expanded slow settling feed of grass carp can be prepared with conventional method；
Or the expanded slow settling feed preparation method of grass carp is：The expanded slow settling feed of grass carp can be prepared with conventional method/
Or preparation method is：Weighed by formula and accurately weigh each raw material, grinding and sieving（80 mesh）, it is well mixed, adds water to add steam to adjust
Matter, pelletize, dry, cooling, spray soya-bean oil, sieve, packing；
The dosage of expanded pellet diet flour is effectively reduced to 11~13% by the present invention, by common expanded pellet diet flour dosage by 17~
22% is reduced to 6~9%, effectively alleviate grass carp because carbohydrate is too high and caused by glucogen fatty liver the problem of；
Grass carp finished product feedstuff pulverization rate 3~5% is down within 1% by the present invention, reduces the loss and waste of the process that feeds, is mitigated
Water environment pollution；
Use of the invention is protected by using carnitine to Liver of Ctenopharyngodon Idellus, using the compound sodium butyrate of broken wall dusty yeast to grass carp intestines
Road is protected, and improves the measures such as the adding proportion of B B-complex, improves grass carp nutriment sedimentation rate, while improve grass
Fish immunity function, efficiently solves that the resisting stress during grass carp expanded pellet diet whole process use is poor, falls intolerant to transport, water outlet
The problem of squama, rubescent etc.；
Use ratio of the present invention because reducing flour, adds zeolite powder and bentonitic dosage, and feed cost reduces about 50
Yuan/ton, produce 1,000,000 tons of feed of grass carp meter per year, 1 year economic benefit created is up to 50,000,000 or so.
Embodiment：
Embodiment 1~5（Contain the expanded slow settling feed of grass carp）
Premix is containing vitamin, trace element（Feed per ton）：The g of vitamin A 10, the g of vitamin B1 8, the g of vitamin B2 8,
Vitamin B6 20g, vitamin B12 0.01 g, vitamin C 150g, calcium pantothenate 25g, the g of nicotinic acid 35, vitamin D35 g, dimension
Raw plain E 50g, vitamin K 5g, folic acid 3 g, inositol 100g；Cu 3.5 g, Fe 180g, Mn 50g, Zn 120g, I 0.65
G, Se 0.5 g, Co 0.5g.
Grass carp feeding experiment
Use expanded slow settling feed, sinking feed（With formula）, expanded pellet diet（Swim entirely）Carry out grass carp culture experiment, contrast grass
Fish growth performance, dirty body ratio, liver body ratio, physiological function com-parison and analysis, it is feasible in grass carp cultivates to assess expanded sinking feed
Property.
Experimental design
Use conventional feed raw material（Fish meal, imported meat and bone meal, cotton dregs, rapeseed meal, dregs of beans, corn germ cake, distillers ' grains, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen calcium, yeast extract, soya-bean oil, vitamin, trace element）, raw material is well mixed, and crushed 60 mesh sieves, and it is expanded slow heavy to be respectively configured
Material group（PH）, sinking feed group（CX）, expanded buoyancy material group（PF）Three groups of testing materials.Each testing material prepares situation and is shown in Table 1.
Each testing material forage compounding of table 1 and conventional index
Analysis：PH groups, CX groups and PF groups are crude protein content, Lys contents, and crude fat content is equal；PH groups and CX group of formula
Cost is identical, and PF groups are because flour use ratio is too high, and cost is higher by 140 yuan/ton, processing charges（Water rate, the electricity charge, steam expense）
Mutually CX groups are high 100 yuan/ton on year-on-year basis with PF groups for PH groups.
2. culture experiment
In the indoor culture system of tool circulation flowing water, each cultivating system about 5m3Water body, every barrel puts the tail of grass carp 20（50.7±
4.67g）, every group 4 parallel, is randomly placed in cultivating system.Persistently it is oxygenated, temporarily supports 2 weeks, formal test 60 days, cultivates the phase
Between water temperature, pH, ammonia nitrogen index be respectively：26~28 DEG C, 7.50 ± 0.35,0.10 ± 0.02mg L-1.Day feeds breakfast, lunch and dinner
( 8:00 、12:00 and 16:00), weigh 3% by fish body to be fed, weigh weekly 1 time, adjust feeding volume.To not ingested feed
Collect, drying, calculate feeding volume.During off-test, stop eating 24h, determines growth indexes.
Experimental result
3.1 growth indexes, body index determining the results are shown in Table 2.
Growth performance, body index are as follows：
Rate of body weight gain（%）=（Last weight-initial weight）/ initial weight × 100；
Feed coefficient=feeding amount/gain in weight；
Survival rate（%）=survive mantissa/total mantissa × 100；
Coefficient of condition=body weight/body length3；
Internal organ ratio（%）=internal organ weight/body weight × 100；
Liver pancreas compares again（%）=liver pancreas weight/body weight × 100.
Each test group Growth of Grass Carps Ctenopharyngodon Idellus performance of table 2, body index result
| Group | PH | CX | PF |
| Survival rate % | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Average just cabrage g | 54.35±2.84 | 54.86±2.16 | 54.96±2.87 |
| Average end weight g | 368.16±19.77a | 313.70±5.84b | 350.47±5.42a |
| Rate of body weight gain % | 578.31±32.49a | 472.35±18.29b | 539.10±37.43a |
| Internal organ compare % | 11.65±0.47b | 11.75±0.40b | 14.68±0.31a |
| Liver pancreas compares % again | 1.84±0.07b | 1.86±0.05b | 2.42±0.14a |
| Feed coefficient | 1.47±0.03b | 1.77±0.05a | 1.53±0.01b |
P ＜ 0.05
From table 2, growth indexes measurement result shows：Each test group survival rate is suitable, unknown significance difference（P ﹥ 0.05）；
Rate of body weight gain PH groups and PF groups are significantly higher than CX groups（P ﹤ 0.05）；Feed coefficient PH groups and PF groups are substantially less than CX groups（P ﹤ 0.05）；
Internal organ are more suitable with CX groups than PH groups to be substantially less than PF groups（P ﹤ 0.05）；Liver pancreas is again more suitable with CX groups than PH groups to be substantially less than PF groups
（P ﹤ 0.05）.
Partial Physiological Indexes measurement result is shown in Table 3.
Each test group Partial Physiological Indexes result of the grass carp of table 3
| Group | Superoxide dismutase | Alkaline phosphatase | Lysozyme | Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase | Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease |
| SOD(u/ml) | AKP(u/l) | LSZ( u/ml) | GPT ( u/l) | GOT( u/l) | |
| PH | 127.41±3.48a | 114.95±2.81b | 27.33±1.42a | 14.98±0.78b | 65.92±1.56b |
| CX | 128.87±3.92a | 114.49±2.69b | 28.03±0.79a | 15.33±0.94b | 65.71±2.00b |
| PF | 108.02±4.28b | 134.68±11.47a | 21.11±1.03b | 22.67±3.50a | 70.51±1.03a |
Table 3 is visible, and physiological index determining result shows：Liver pancreas SOD enzymes, antalzyme activity PC groups and CX groups are suitable（P ﹥ 0.05）
Substantially less than PF groups（P ﹤ 0.05）；PF groups significantly reduce compared with PC groups and CX groups；Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease vigor, alkali
Acid phosphatase vigor PF groups significantly raise compared with PC groups and CX groups.As a result show:PF groups grasscarp liver is impaired, nospecific immunity
Function declines.
4. result of study brief summary
4.1 compared with sinking feed, and expanded buoyancy feed and expanded slow settling feed can effectively improve Growth of Grass Carps Ctenopharyngodon Idellus performance；
4.2 compared with expanded buoyancy feed, and expanded slow settling feed can effectively reduce production cost；
4.3 compared with expanded buoyancy feed, and expanded slow settling feed can effectively improve grass carp physiological function.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of expanded slow settling feed of grass carp, it is characterised in that flour usage amount 10~12% carries out expanded pellet diet.
2. the expanded slow settling feed proportioning according to right 1, it is characterised in that fish meal 1%~5%, meat meal tankage 2~5%, dregs of beans 5~
25%th, cotton dregs 1~10%, rapeseed meal 5~35%, yeast extract 1~3%, rice bran 1~15%, wheat bran 1~20%, distillers ' grains 1~5%, flour
10~13%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2~2.5%, soya-bean oil 1~3%, premix 1~4%.
3. the expanded slow settling feed proportioning according to right 1, it is characterised in that fish meal 0%~2%, meat meal tankage 1~10%, dregs of beans 5
~20%, cotton dregs 1~15%, rapeseed meal 20~30%, beer cream 1~5%, rice bran 1~15%, wheat bran 1~15%, distillers ' grains 1~5%, face
Powder 10~13%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2~2.5%, soya-bean oil 1~3%, premix 1~4%.
4. the expanded slow settling feed proportioning of grass carp according to right 1, it is characterised in that fish meal 1%~3%, meat meal tankage 2~10%,
Dregs of beans 5~10%, cotton dregs 1~10%, rapeseed meal 20~40%, yeast extract 1~3%, rice bran 1~10%, wheat bran 1~10%, distillers ' grains 1~
5%th, flour 10~13%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2~2.5%, soya-bean oil 1~3%, premix 1~4%.
5. the expanded slow settling feed premix of grass carp according to claims 1 to 4 by weight percentage vitamin 1~2 ‰,
Trace element 5~10 ‰, 35%VC esters 0.5~2 ‰, carnitine 0.1~0.25 ‰, sodium butyrate 0.5~1 ‰, mould inhibitor 0.5~
1‰。
6. the expanded slow settling feed vitamin content of grass carp according to claims 1 to 4 is（Feed per ton）：Vitamin A 10
G, vitamin B18 g, vitamin B28 g, vitamin B620g, vitamin B120.01 g, vitamin C 150g, calcium pantothenate
25g, the g of nicotinic acid 35, vitamin D35 g, vitamin E 50g, vitamin K 5g, folic acid 3 g, inositol 100g；Trace element contains
Measure and be（Feed per ton）：Cu 3.5 g, Fe 180g, Mn 50g, Zn 120g, I 0.65 g, Se 0.5 g, Co 0.5g.
7. the expanded slow settling feed premix surplus of grass carp according to claim 6 can be carrier, such as：Maize cob meal, wheat meal
Stone, zeolite powder etc..
8. fish liver is protected in the expanded slow settling feed carnitine 0.1 of grass carp according to claim 5~0.25 ‰.
9. the expanded slow settling feed yeast extract 1~3% of grass carp according to claim 5, enteron aisle is protected in sodium butyrate 0.5~1 ‰.
10. the expanded slow settling feed of grass carp according to claims 2 to 4, for improving Growth of Grass Carps Ctenopharyngodon Idellus performance；And/or it is used for
Improve grass carp physiological function；And/or for improving grass carp anti-stress ability.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN108991279A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-12-14 | 西南大学 | A kind of expanded pellet diet and preparation method thereof promoting grass carp weight reducing |
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