CN107354720A - 用熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液制备磁性蚕丝织物 - Google Patents

用熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液制备磁性蚕丝织物 Download PDF

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CN107354720A
CN107354720A CN201710787947.5A CN201710787947A CN107354720A CN 107354720 A CN107354720 A CN 107354720A CN 201710787947 A CN201710787947 A CN 201710787947A CN 107354720 A CN107354720 A CN 107354720A
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molten state
calcium nitrate
nitrate tetrahydrate
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卢明
刘萍
刘一萍
孙胜
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Southwest University
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    • D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
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    • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
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    • D06M11/58—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种使用熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液制备磁性蚕丝织物的方法，该方法包括如下步骤：（1）熔融态四水合硝酸钙的制备：将无水硝酸钙加入到蒸馏水中，形成65%以上的浓溶液；（2）溶解液的制备：将熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液中加入磁性纳米粒子，剧烈搅拌制备得到分散有磁性纳米粒子的溶解液；（3）将蚕丝织物在步骤（2）所得的溶解液中多次浸轧；（4）将浸轧后的蚕丝织物在红外线下辐照；（5）将辐照后的蚕丝织物浸渍于聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液中凝固，然后水洗、烘干。本制备技术简单易行，成本低廉，对蚕丝织物的强力损伤小，不改变蚕丝纤维表面性能，磁性纳米粒子在蚕丝织物上具有良好的牢度；本制备过程中未使用任何粘合剂，无毒无害。

Description

用熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液制备磁性蚕丝织物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种功能织物的制备方法，尤其是一种使用熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液制备磁性蚕丝织物的方法。
背景技术
将纳米粒子引入纺织纤维中，可以制备得到功能性纤维材料。目前将纳米粒子引入蚕丝纤维的制备方法很多，如：吸附法，溶胶凝胶法，层层组装法，涂层法，喂食法等。然而，吸附法通过主要通过分子间范德华力和离子键力使纳米粒子吸附到蚕丝纤维表面，水洗牢度较低；溶胶凝胶法和层层组装法的工艺过程较长，且较难控制；涂层法是利用粘合剂将纳米粒子粘合到蚕丝纤维表面，降低了蚕丝纤维对人体的亲肤性；喂食法是将纳米粒子混入家蚕食物中，使蚕丝纤维混入纳米粒子，缺点是效率很低。
熔融态四水合硝酸钙中，钙离子配位在丝素大分子中的丝氨酸、酪氨酸侧链羟基处，形成螯合物，配位过程会破坏了多肽链之间的范德华力和氢键，从而使丝纤维溶胀、分子结构松弛。这种作用最终可以使蚕丝纤维被溶解。因此熔融态四水合硝酸钙是蚕丝丝素纤维的优良溶剂。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，针对以上现有技术存在的缺点，提出一种使用熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液制备磁性蚕丝织物的方法。该制备技术简单易行，成本低廉，对蚕丝织物的强力损伤小，不改变蚕丝纤维表面性能，磁性纳米粒子在蚕丝织物上具有良好的牢度；该制备过程中未使用任何粘合剂，无毒无害。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采取的解决方案为：一种使用熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液制备磁性蚕丝织物的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
（1）熔融态四水合硝酸钙的制备：将无水硝酸钙加入到蒸馏水中，形成65%以上的浓溶液。（2）溶解液的制备：将熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液加入磁性纳米粒子，剧烈搅拌制备得到分散有磁性纳米粒子的溶解液；
（3）将蚕丝织物在步骤（2）所得的溶解液中多次浸轧；
（4）将浸轧后的蚕丝织物在红外线下辐照10-30min；
（5）将辐照后的蚕丝织物浸渍于聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液中凝固，然后水洗、烘干。
本发明的有益效果在于，（1）采用浸轧法使有限的熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液主要分布于蚕丝纤维的表面，短时间的红外线辐照只能对蚕丝纤维表面进行部分溶解，而不会损伤蚕丝纤维内部，减小对蚕丝纤维及织物物理机械性能的损伤；（2）在蚕丝纤维表面部分溶解的蚕丝蛋白形成蛋白质浓溶液，对纳米粒子具有粘附作用；（3）蚕丝纤维表面形成的蛋白质浓溶液在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液中重新凝固，起到对纳米粒子的粘合、包裹作用；（4）制备过程中未使用任何粘合剂，无毒无害。
具体实施方式
下文将结合具体实施例详细描述本发明。应当注意的是，下述实施例中描述的技术特征或者技术特征的组合不应当被认为是孤立的，它们可以被相互组合从而达到更好的技术效果。
实施例1
（1）熔融态四水合硝酸钙的制备：将无水硝酸钙加入到蒸馏水中，形成69%的浓溶液。
（2）溶解液的制备：将熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液中加入0.1%（w/w）磁性纳米粒子钴铁氧体，剧烈搅拌制备得到分散有磁性纳米粒子钴铁氧体的溶解液；
（3）将蚕丝织物在步骤（2）所得的溶解液中多次浸轧，轧余率为120%；
（4）将浸轧后的蚕丝织物在300w红外线下辐照10min；
（5）将辐照后的蚕丝织物浸渍于聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液（质量分数为15%）中凝固10min，然后水洗、烘干。
实施例2
（1）熔融态四水合硝酸钙的制备：将无水硝酸钙加入到蒸馏水中，形成69%的浓溶液。
（2）溶解液的制备：将熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液中加入0.3%（w/w）磁性纳米粒子镍铁氧体，剧烈搅拌制备得到分散有磁性纳米粒子镍铁氧体的溶解液；
（3）将蚕丝织物在步骤（2）所得的溶解液中多次浸轧，轧余率为110%；
（4）将浸轧后的蚕丝织物在100w红外线下辐照30min；
（5）将辐照后的蚕丝织物浸渍于聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液（质量分数为18%）中凝固10min，然后水洗、烘干。
实施例3
（1）熔融态四水合硝酸钙的制备：将无水硝酸钙加入到蒸馏水中，形成65%的浓溶液。
（2）溶解液的制备：将熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液中加入1.1%（w/w）磁性纳米粒子四氧化三铁，剧烈搅拌制备得到分散有磁性纳米粒子四氧化三铁的溶解液；
（3）将蚕丝织物在步骤（2）所得的溶解液中多次浸轧，轧余率为90%；
（4）将浸轧后的蚕丝织物在150w红外线下辐照15min；
（5）将辐照后的蚕丝织物浸渍于聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液（质量分数为25%）中凝固10min，然后水洗、烘干。
本文虽然已经给出了本发明的一些实施例，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，在不脱离本发明精神的情况下，可以对本文的实施例进行改变。上述实施例只是示例性的，不应以本文的实施例作为本发明权利范围的限定。

Claims (2)

1.一种使用熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液制备磁性蚕丝织物的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）熔融态四水合硝酸钙的制备：将无水硝酸钙加入到蒸馏水中，形成65%以上的浓溶液；
（2）溶解液的制备：在熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液加入磁性纳米粒子，剧烈搅拌制备得到分散有磁性纳米粒子的溶解液；
（3）将蚕丝织物在步骤（2）所得的溶解液中多次浸轧；
（4）将浸轧后的蚕丝织物在红外线下辐照10-30min；
（5）将辐照后的蚕丝织物浸渍于聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液中凝固，然后水洗、烘干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液制备磁性蚕丝织物的方法，其特征在于：磁性粒子包括钴铁氧体、镁铁氧体、镍铁氧体、四氧化三铁等纳米粒子。
CN201710787947.5A 2017-09-04 2017-09-04 用熔融态四水合硝酸钙水溶液制备磁性蚕丝织物 Withdrawn CN107354720A (zh)

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