CN107337992A - 桥面防水材料及利用其的桥面防水施工方法 - Google Patents

桥面防水材料及利用其的桥面防水施工方法 Download PDF

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CN107337992A
CN107337992A CN201710301627.4A CN201710301627A CN107337992A CN 107337992 A CN107337992 A CN 107337992A CN 201710301627 A CN201710301627 A CN 201710301627A CN 107337992 A CN107337992 A CN 107337992A
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池祥镐
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Abstract

本发明涉及桥面防水材料,其包含:底涂防水材料,其由91~95重量%的2‑乙基‑2‑(羟甲基)‑1,3‑丙二醇聚合物和5~9重量%的掺合料混合而成,并且涂布于桥面;中涂防水材料,其由15~35重量%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂、32.5~42.5重量%的碳酸钙、7.5~17.5重量%的3号硅砂及20~30重量%的5号硅砂混合而成,并且涂布于所述底涂防水材料;以及顶涂防水材料,其由45~55重量%的2‑氯丁二烯聚合物、25~35重量%的甲苯或二甲苯及15~25重量%的纯沥青混合而成,并且涂布于所述中涂防水材料。

Description

桥面防水材料及利用其的桥面防水施工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及桥面防水材料及利用其的桥面防水施工方法,更详细而言,涉及能够防止桥面的劣化及腐蚀的桥面防水材料及利用其的桥面防水施工方法,其中桥面防水材料的施工后在短时间内养生,同时有效地与底面粘合,从而在混凝土及钢桥面上形成对桥面提供优异的耐久性及耐水性的涂膜层。
背景技术
通常而言,混凝土因由空气中存在的二氧化碳(CO2)、氮氧化物(NOx)及氧化硫形成的酸性雨的渗透而被中性化,因此,混凝土内部中配制的钢筋的腐蚀和混凝土的劣化会诱发结构物的龟裂和脱落。
尤其,就结构层的厚度薄的道路桥梁的混凝土上板而言,因通行车辆的急刹车所带来的轮胎冲击和荷载等所带来的震动,上板的混凝土表层因下述恶劣的条件受到漏水、腐蚀而受损,所述恶劣条件为剥离和龟裂所造成的铺装层的浮起、大气污染所造成的酸性雨、用于防止结冰的盐和氯化钙的渗透等。
尤其,就海岸地区的桥梁结构物而言,目前的趋势为对桥梁的旧桥体全面实施防腐处理来确保桥梁结构物的安全性而进行最大努力。
实现了防止因漏水吸入到桥梁混凝土上板桥面的混凝土表层和毛细管中而发生的钢筋的腐蚀和混凝土的中性化所造成的劣化、龟裂等作为目的的桥面防水。
对于桥面防水,美国及加拿大等国家从很久以前(1980年代)开始实施了硅系列的渗透性桥面防水剂、橡胶系列的涂膜防水剂、橡胶沥青薄板(sheet)等施工方法和弥补了橡胶沥青薄板型的经过成型的工厂产品在现场适应时的缺点等的加热熔融的橡胶沥青涂膜防水剂的涂布,以及附着用于保护防水层的毡片及保护板的施工方法等,最近,在韩国也实施类似的施工方法。
然而,如上所述的在国内外使用的上述施工方法是去除现有的混凝土上板上铺装的不结实的沥青(沥青混凝土)并完全整理不结实的防水层、脆弱的表层的桥面,然后涂布底层涂料→用橡胶沥青热施工方法涂布涂膜防水剂→附着用于保护防水层的嵌板(panel)→铺装沥青混凝土,其中存在以下问题,即,由于用于桥梁桥面防水的加热熔融的橡胶沥青的特征上的过高延展性,以及由于道路桥梁的特性上的通行车辆的重量、启动、停车等的反复,导致能够维持稳定的涂膜层和防止防水层被推移等的张力弱,因此在施工后橡胶沥青热施工方法的涂膜防水剂因通行车辆发生推移、材质松弛及弯曲现象,从而存在需要对此进行再次补修等问题,因此,要求开发出能够有效弥补上述问题的技术。
另外,通常而言,以沥青作为结尾的道路表层施工有沿着道路整体宽度一次性铺装的整体铺装式和区分各车道来铺装的个别铺装式。
个别铺装式是不得不进行车辆通行时所使用的方式,是先铺装一侧的车道,然后使车辆沿着该一侧车道通行,之后对与该一侧车道连接的另一侧车道进行施工。
如上所述,区分各车道来进行施工的个别铺装式是在已完成铺装的车道和要进行新铺装的车道的连接部分形成接合部来进行铺装,因此存在接合部的骨料发生飞散或接合力降低的问题。
即,先进行铺装的车道的既有沥青混凝土层是在变凉而坚硬的状态下与新铺装的熔融沥青混凝土层进行粘合,因此粘合力会降低,从而发生微细的缝隙,如上所述发生微细缝隙的接合部的表层会导致雨水漏水,并且,因车辆的荷重,使接合部逐渐裂开并脱离,从而使顺畅的车辆通行变得困难。
此外,在现有的铺装道路上发生破损时,对破损的铺装道路一侧进行开凿,并对开凿的部分重新铺设沥青混凝土来修复铺装道路,但是在这种情况下,也会存在现有的铺装道路和新铺装的铺装道路之间发生微细缝隙的问题。
另外,现有的桥面防水技术需要复杂的装备,需要进行很多工序,因此施工方法苛刻,并且在母体(沥青或混凝土)湿润的情况下,大部分的施工都无法进行,并且凉的母体和热的沥青混凝土的结合力不足。
此外,现有技术中的一部分使用稀释溶剂,从而会导致火灾的危险和操作者的安全上的问题。
为了解决上述问题,开发了用于桥面防水的水溶性组合物,根据现有技术的用于桥面防水的水溶性组合物是将沥青、水溶性聚合物及增稠剂以1:1:0.06的比例混合而构成。
韩国公开专利公报第10-2013-0039287号(2013年04月19日公开,发明名称:用于沥青桥面防水的水溶性组合物及利用由此形成的桥面防水材料的桥面防水方法)中公开了本发明的背景技术。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题
就根据现有技术的桥面防水材料而言,由于包含沥青、水溶性聚合物及增稠剂而成,因此存在以下问题,即,在冬季容易发生龟裂,补修操作难,并且与桥梁底板及铺装层的附着力不足,或者虽然粘合性优异,但是用于确保与沥青路面的粘合性的养生时间变长,并且不适合进行快速施工。
因此,需要改善这些问题。
本发明的目的在于,提供能够防止桥面的劣化及腐蚀的桥面防水材料及利用其的桥面防水施工方法,其中桥面防水材料的施工后在短时间内养生,同时有效地与底面粘合,从而在混凝土及钢桥面上形成对桥面提供优异的耐久性及耐水性的涂膜层。
技术方案
本发明的桥面防水材料的特征在于,包含:底涂防水材料,其由91~95重量%的2-乙基-2-(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇(2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol)聚合物和5~9重量%的掺合料(admixture)混合而成,并且涂布于桥面;中涂防水材料,其由15~35重量%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)树脂、32.5~42.5重量%的碳酸钙、7.5~17.5重量%的3号硅砂及20~30重量%的5号硅砂混合而成,并且涂布于所述底涂防水材料;以及顶涂防水材料,其由45~55重量%的2-氯丁二烯(2-chlorobutadiene)聚合物、25~35重量%的甲苯或二甲苯及15~25重量%的纯沥青(straight asphalt)混合而成,并且涂布于所述中涂防水材料。
此外,本发明的特征在于,所述3号硅砂的粒度为1.5~2.4mm,所述5号硅砂的粒度为0.7~1.2mm。
此外,本发明的利用桥面防水材料的桥面防水施工方法的特征在于,包括以下步骤:(a)去除桥面上残留的异物并进行平坦化操作;(b)在桥面上涂布由91~95重量%的2-乙基-2-(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇聚合物和5~9重量%的掺合料混合而成的底涂防水材料;(c)在所述底涂防水材料上涂布由15~35重量%的MMA树脂、32.5~42.5重量%的碳酸钙、7.5~17.5重量%的3号硅砂及20~30重量%的5号硅砂混合而成的中涂防水材料;以及(d)在所述中涂防水材料上涂布由45~55重量%的2-氯丁二烯聚合物、25~35重量%的甲苯或二甲苯及15~25重量%的纯沥青混合而成的顶涂防水材料。
发明效果
本发明的桥面防水材料及利用其的桥面防水施工方法具有以下优点,即,由于涂布具有防水功能、附着力及混凝土的强度恢复功能的底层涂料来形成,因此能够提高老化的桥面混凝土的耐久性,并能够提高抗冻融性。
此外,本发明的桥面防水材料及利用其的桥面防水施工方法具有以下优点,即,由于涂布耐硫酸性、耐盐水性优异且粘合强度、弯曲强度、压缩强度优异的MMA防水材料来形成,因此能够防止沥青的滑动现象。
此外,本发明的桥面防水材料及利用其的桥面防水施工方法具有以下优点,即,由于涂布固化速度优异的MMA防水材料来形成,因此,在桥面防水材料的施工结束后,在30分钟以内完成固化,从而使后续操作容易,并且在之后需要进行补修操作时也能够实现快速补修,并容易实施部分补修。
此外,本发明的桥面防水材料及利用其的桥面防水施工方法具有以下优点,即,由于涂布与沥青的粘合力优异、与中涂结合来抵抗沥青的滑动且具有优异的伸长率的顶涂防水材料来形成,因此在沥青的塑性变形情况下也能一起移动,不会产生裂缝、断裂,并且在铺装沥青时能够省略喷洒乳化沥青的操作,从而能够减少防水施工方法中所需的费用。
此外,本发明的桥面防水材料及利用其的桥面防水施工方法具有以下优点,即,以强附着力显著减少脱落、剥离等缺陷因素,而且是以均形成防水层的3个层来施工,因此,即使在底涂、中涂及顶涂中的一个层中发生了问题也能够维持防水性能。
附图说明
图1为图示本发明一实施例的利用桥面防水材料的桥面防水施工方法的顺序图。
图2为本发明一实施例的桥面防水材料的品质试验检验结果单。
具体实施方式
下面,参照附图对本发明的桥面防水材料及利用其的桥面防水施工方法的一实施例进行说明。
在这些过程中,为了说明的明确性和方便性,图中图示的线的粗细或构成因素的大小等可能会放大示出。
此外,后述的术语是考虑到本发明中的功能而定义的术语,这些术语可能会根据使用者、运营者的意图或惯例有所不同。
因此,对这些术语的定义是需要将本说明书整体内容作为基础来设定。
图1为图示本发明一实施例的利用桥面防水材料的桥面防水施工方法的顺序图,图2为本发明一实施例的桥面防水材料的品质试验检验结果单。
参照图1及图2,本发明一实施例的桥面防水材料包含:底涂防水材料,其由91~95重量%的2-乙基-2-(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇聚合物和5~9重量%的掺合料混合而成,并且涂布于桥面;中涂防水材料,其由15~35重量%的MMA树脂、32.5~42.5重量%的碳酸钙、7.5~17.5重量%的3号硅砂及20~30重量%的5号硅砂混合而成,并且涂布于所述底涂防水材料;以及顶涂防水材料,其由45~55重量%的2-氯丁二烯聚合物、25~35重量%的甲苯或二甲苯及15~25重量%的纯沥青混合而成,并且涂布于所述中涂防水材料。
2-乙基-2-(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇(2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol)聚合物称为三羟甲基丙烷,具有以下性质,即,熔点为59℃,与水及醇以任一比例混合,不易溶于丙酮,易溶于苯,在本实施例中作为防水材料使用。
MMA树脂表示甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Methyl methacrylate),是无色透明液体,将以C4馏分作为原料制备的叔丁醇(Tert-Butyl Alcohol;TBA)在气体状态下进行氧化来制备甲基丙烯酸,然后用甲醇进行酯化来制备,在本实施例的中涂防水材料中用作提供防水功能的组合物。
2-氯丁二烯(2-chlorobutadiene)聚合物具有以下特征,即,耐候性、耐药品性优异,具有阻燃性,透气性小,粘合力强,因此在本实施例中用作提供防水功能及粘合功能的组合物。
因此,就本实施例而言,形成由底涂防水材料、中涂防水材料及顶涂防水材料组成的3个防水层,从而能够显示出以下效果,即,有效防止渗透水流入到桥面,并且防止涂布于桥面防水材料上的沥青滑动,使桥面防水材料和沥青之间的粘合力得到提高,使桥面的强度得到提高。
3号硅砂的粒度为1.5~2.4mm,5号硅砂的粒度为0.7~1.2mm,其原因是能够显示出以下效果,即,通过粒度小的5号硅砂使空隙减少,从而防止渗透水的流入,通过粒度大的3号硅砂来提高桥面的强度。
对具有如上所述的构成的本发明一实施例的利用桥面防水材料的桥面防水施工方法进行分析的结果如下所述。
本发明一实施例的利用桥面防水材料的桥面防水施工方法包括以下步骤:去除桥面上残留的异物并进行平坦化操作;在桥面上涂布由91~95重量%的2-乙基-2-(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇聚合物和5~9重量%的掺合料混合而成的底涂防水材料;在所述底涂防水材料上涂布由15~35重量%的MMA树脂、32.5~42.5重量%的碳酸钙、7.5~17.5重量%的3号硅砂及20~30重量%的5号硅砂混合而成的中涂防水材料;以及在所述中涂防水材料上涂布由45~55重量%的2-氯丁二烯聚合物、25~35重量%的甲苯或二甲苯及15~25重量%的纯沥青混合而成的顶涂防水材料。
首先,去除所要涂布防水材料的桥面上残留的异物,并对突出部位及凹陷部位进行平坦化操作,然后涂布底涂防水材料,在底涂防水材料上面涂布中涂防水材料,在中涂防水材料上面涂布顶涂防水材料,并进行固化。
如上所述,涂布桥面防水材料并经过约30分钟时,桥面防水材料会固化,因此能够在短时间见内进行在桥面防水材料上面涂布沥青的后续操作,从而能够缩短实现桥面防水施工方法中所需的时间。
如上所述,本实施包含MMA树脂,因此固化时间短,粘合性能优异,从而在桥面的一部分被破损的情况下,也能够在短时间内对破损部位进行有效的补修。
此外,就本发明的桥面防水材料而言,由于伸长率优异,从而与随着气温变化变形的沥青一起移动,因此显示出桥面上不易发生裂缝或断裂的效果。
因此,桥面防水材料的施工后在短时间内养生,同时与底面有效地粘合,从而在混凝土及钢桥面上形成对桥面提供优异的耐久性及耐水性的涂膜层,从而能够提供防止桥面的劣化及腐蚀的桥面防水材料及利用其的桥面防水施工方法。
<实施例1>
在桥面上去除异物并实施平坦化操作,然后涂布由91重量%的2-乙基-2-(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇聚合物及9重量%的掺合料混合而成的底涂防水材料,在底涂防水材料上面涂布由15重量%的MMA树脂、37.5重量%的碳酸钙、17.5重量%的3号硅砂及30重量%的5号硅砂混合而成的中涂防水材料,在中涂防水材料上面涂布由45重量%的2-氯丁二烯聚合物、35重量%的甲苯及20重量%的纯沥青混合而成的顶涂防水材料,并进行固化30分钟,从而在桥面上形成防水层。
<实施例2>
在桥面上去除异物并实施平坦化操作,然后涂布由91重量%的2-乙基-2-(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇聚合物及9重量%的掺合料混合而成的底涂防水材料,在底涂防水材料上面涂布由25重量%的MMA树脂、37.5重量%的碳酸钙、12.5重量%的3号硅砂及25重量%的5号硅砂混合而成的中涂防水材料,在中涂防水材料上面涂布由45重量%的2-氯丁二烯聚合物、35重量%的甲苯及20重量%的纯沥青混合而成的顶涂防水材料,并进行固化30分钟,从而在桥面上形成防水层。
<实施例3>
在桥面上去除异物并实施平坦化操作,然后涂布由91重量%的2-乙基-2-(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇聚合物及9重量%的掺合料混合而成的底涂防水材料,在底涂防水材料上面涂布由35重量%的MMA树脂、32.5重量%的碳酸钙、10.5重量%的3号硅砂及22重量%的5号硅砂混合而成的中涂防水材料,在中涂防水材料上面涂布由45重量%的2-氯丁二烯聚合物、35重量%的甲苯及20重量%的纯沥青混合而成的顶涂防水材料,并进行固化30分钟,从而在桥面上形成防水层。
<比较例1>
在桥面上去除异物并实施平坦化操作,然后涂布由91重量%的2-乙基-2-(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇聚合物及9重量%的掺合料混合而成的底涂防水材料,在底涂防水材料上面涂布由10重量%的MMA树脂、39.5重量%的碳酸钙、20.5重量%的3号硅砂及30重量%的5号硅砂混合而成的中涂防水材料,在中涂防水材料上面涂布由45重量%的2-氯丁二烯聚合物、35重量%的甲苯及20重量%的纯沥青混合而成的顶涂防水材料,并进行固化30分钟,从而在桥面上形成防水层。
<比较例2>
在桥面上去除异物并实施平坦化操作,然后涂布由91重量%的2-乙基-2-(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇聚合物及9重量%的掺合料混合而成的底涂防水材料,在底涂防水材料上面涂布由40重量%的MMA树脂、30.5重量%的碳酸钙、10.5重量%的3号硅砂及19重量%的5号硅砂混合而成的中涂防水材料,在中涂防水材料上面涂布由45重量%的2-氯丁二烯聚合物、35重量%的甲苯及20重量%的纯沥青混合而成的顶涂防水材料,并进行固化30分钟,从而在桥面上形成防水层。
表1
拉伸强度(N/mm2) 伸长率(%)
实施例1 8.0 603
实施例2 8.1 608
实施例3 8.4 607
比较例1 5.7 467
比较例2 8.2 608
如上所述,可以知道混合15~25重量%的MMA树脂的情况下,拉伸强度及伸长率得到提高,在包含小于15重量%的MMA树脂的情况下,拉伸强度及伸长率显著变低,并且,可以确认即使包含超过35重量%的MMA树脂,拉伸强度及伸长率不会得到进一步的改善。
因此,可以知道本实施例的桥面防水材料优选包含15~25重量%的MMA树脂。
通过附图中图示的一实施例对本发明进行了说明,但这仅是例示性的,本领域技术人员应可以理解由此能够实现多种变形及均等的其他实施例。
此外,举例说明了桥面防水材料及利用其的桥面防水施工方法,但这仅是例示性的,在不是桥面防水材料及利用其的桥面防水施工方法的其他产品中也可以使用本发明的防水材料及利用其的防水施工方法。
因此,本发明的真正的技术保护范围应该由权利要求所决定。

Claims (3)

1.桥面防水材料,其特征在于,包含:底涂防水材料,其由91~95重量%的2-乙基-2-(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇聚合物和5~9重量%的掺合料混合而成,并且涂布于桥面;中涂防水材料,其由15~35重量%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂、32.5~42.5重量%的碳酸钙、7.5~17.5重量%的3号硅砂及20~30重量%的5号硅砂混合而成,并且涂布于所述底涂防水材料;以及顶涂防水材料,其由45~55重量%的2-氯丁二烯聚合物、25~35重量%的甲苯或二甲苯及15~25重量%的纯沥青混合而成,并且涂布于所述中涂防水材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的桥面防水材料,其特征在于,所述3号硅砂的粒度为1.5~2.4mm,所述5号硅砂的粒度为0.7~1.2mm。
3.利用桥面防水材料的桥面防水施工方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:(a)去除桥面上残留的异物并进行平坦化操作;(b)在桥面上涂布由91~95重量%的2-乙基-2-(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇聚合物和5~9重量%的掺合料混合而成的底涂防水材料;(c)在所述底涂防水材料上涂布由15~35重量%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂、32.5~42.5重量%的碳酸钙、7.5~17.5重量%的3号硅砂及20~30重量%的5号硅砂混合而成的中涂防水材料;以及(d)在所述中涂防水材料上涂布由45~55重量%的2-氯丁二烯聚合物、25~35重量%的甲苯或二甲苯及15~25重量%的纯沥青混合而成的顶涂防水材料。
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