CN107334792A - A kind of Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107334792A CN107334792A CN201610293570.3A CN201610293570A CN107334792A CN 107334792 A CN107334792 A CN 107334792A CN 201610293570 A CN201610293570 A CN 201610293570A CN 107334792 A CN107334792 A CN 107334792A
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- gingko
- skin
- semen ginkgo
- ginkgo extract
- water
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/16—Ginkgophyta, e.g. Ginkgoaceae (Ginkgo family)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/042—Gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/02—Preparations for care of the skin for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/331—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using water, e.g. cold water, infusion, tea, steam distillation, decoction
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
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- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to biomedicine technical field, discloses a kind of Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin, is made up of gingko extract solution, gel-type vehicle, surfactant, transdermal enhancer, antioxidant, preservative.The present invention has the function that skin care, whitening, anti-inflammatory, nti-freckle, anti-acne.Its stability is good, lubrication is nonirritant, denseness is suitable, is easy to be coated with, and preparation method is simple.Gingko is the seed of Ginkgoaceae plant Ginkgo biloba, contains cyanogen glycosides, gibberellin, ginkgolic acid, hydroginkgoic acid, hydroginkgolinic acid, bilobol, gingko alcohol, formic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, octanoic acid, 29 alkanol, several amino acids, protein and some other trace element.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomedicine technical field, and in particular to a kind of Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin and
Its preparation method.
Background technology
Gel means that medicine is uniformly mixed and made into the paste external preparation with d spiss with appropriate substrate, mainly
For local treatment.The toilet cream in listing skin care item, face cream, skin-care gel belong to gel at present.
Gingko is the seed of Ginkgoaceae plant Ginkgo biloba, contains cyanogen glycosides, gibberellin, ginkgolic acid, hydroginkgoic acid, hydrogen
Change the sub- acid of gingko, bilobol, gingko alcohol, formic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, octanoic acid, 29 alkanol, several amino acids, egg
White matter and some other trace element.The present invention with gingko aqueous extract is prepared into gel, has that stability is good, lubrication nothing
Excitant, denseness are suitable, are easy to coating, the characteristics of preparation method is simple, available for anti-acne, whitening, anti-inflammatory, nti-freckle.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin and preparation method thereof.The gel
It is made up of gingko extract solution, gel-type vehicle, surfactant, transdermal enhancer, antioxidant, preservative.Obtained gel tool
Have that stability is good, the nonirritant, denseness of lubrication is suitable, is easy to coating, the characteristics of preparation method is simple, available for anti-acne,
Whitening, anti-inflammatory, nti-freckle.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of preparation method of Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin,
Its step 1 is：
A：Smash gingko plus distilled water to pieces stirring and leaching, thin nylon filter cloth filters, and the mass ratio of gingko and water is 1:
Between 99~1；Smash mixing time to pieces 1~6 hour；Nylon filter cloth is between 80~200 mesh；
B：Oleaginous base heating is molten into oil phase, the mass ratio of gingko extract solution and oleaginous base 1: 99~
Between 1；
C：Water-soluble base is well mixed with gingko extract solution, adds emulsifying agent, preservative, antioxidant structure
Into aqueous phase, the mass ratio of gingko extract solution and water-soluble base is between 1: 99~1, emulsifying agent, preservative, antioxygen
The mass ratio of agent and water-soluble base is between 1: 9999~9；
D, aqueous phase in C is slowly poured into oil phase in B, side edged stirs, until condensation, produces Semen Ginkgo extract and coagulate
The mass ratio of glue, oil phase and aqueous phase is between 1: 99~1；
Oleaginous base in above-mentioned B steps can be vaseline, paraffin, lanolin, beeswax, dimethicone, whale
Wax, vegetable oil, axunge one or more of mixture therein.
More than oleaginous base be existing ripe medicinal oleaginous base, with its prepare gel it is reproducible, into
This is cheap, safe.
Water-soluble base can be one or more of mixtures in different molecular weight polyethylene glycol in above-mentioned C steps, gather
Molecular weight glycol is between 300~6000.
More than water-soluble base be existing ripe medicinal soluble matrix, with its prepare gel it is reproducible, into
This is cheap, safe.
Emulsifying agent in above-mentioned C step can be monovalence soap, multivalence soap, sodium alkyl sulfate, higher aliphatic, polynary
One or more of mixtures in alcohol ester, polyoxyethylene ether derivant.
More than emulsifying agent be existing ripe medicinal emulsifier, with its prepare gel is reproducible, cost is cheap,
It is safe.
Preservative in above-mentioned C step is benzalkonium bromide, anesin, ethyl hydroxy benzoate, benzoic acid, phenylmercuric acetate,
P-hydroxybenzoate one or more of mixture therein.
More than preservative be existing ripe pharmaceutical preservative, with its prepare gel is reproducible, cost is cheap,
It is safe.
Antioxidant in above-mentioned C step is gallic acid alkyl ester, vitamin E, ascorbic acid, sulphite are therein
One or more of mixtures.
More than antioxidant be existing ripe medicinal antioxidant, with its prepare gel is reproducible, cost is cheap,
It is safe.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of preparation method of Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin,
Its step 2 is：
A, distilled water is added to smash stirring and leaching to pieces gingko, thin nylon filter cloth filters, and the mass ratio of gingko and water exists
Between 1: 99~1；Smash mixing time to pieces 1~6 hour；Nylon filter cloth is between 80~200 mesh；
B, oleaginous base is heated and is molten into oil phase, the mass ratio of gingko extract solution and oleaginous base is 1:
Between 99~1；
C, gingko extract solution is well mixed with water imbibition matrix, gingko extract solution and the mass ratio of water imbibition matrix
Between 1: 99~1；
D, C solution slowly being poured into B solution, side edged stirs, until condensation, produces Semen Ginkgo extract gel,
The mass ratio of C step solution and oleaginous base is between 1: 99~1；
Oleaginous base in above-mentioned B steps can be vaseline, paraffin, lanolin, beeswax, dimethicone, whale
Wax, vegetable oil, axunge one or more of mixture therein.
More than oleaginous base be existing ripe medicinal oleaginous base, with its prepare gel it is reproducible, into
This is cheap, safe.
Water imbibition matrix in above-mentioned C steps is lanolin, cholesterine, vaseline one or more of mixing therein
Thing.
More than water imbibition matrix be existing ripe medicinal water imbibition matrix, with its prepare gel it is reproducible, into
This is cheap, safe.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of preparation method of Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin,
Its step 3 is：
A, distilled water is added to smash stirring and leaching to pieces gingko, thin nylon filter cloth filters, and the mass ratio of gingko and water is 1:
Between 99~1；Smash mixing time to pieces 1~6 hour；Nylon filter cloth is between 80~200 mesh；
B, gingko extract solution and water-soluble base, transdermal enhancer, antioxidant, preservative are added into mortar jointly, ground
Produce Semen Ginkgo extract gel after even, the mass percent in gel shared by various compositions is：Gingko extract solution 1~50%,
Water-soluble base 10~95%, transdermal enhancer 0.01~20%, antioxidant 0.01~20%, preservative 0.01~20%.
Water-soluble base in above-mentioned B steps can be distilled water, carboxy vinyl copolymer, sodium alginate derivative, fibre
Tie up plain derivative, different molecular weight polyethylene glycol one or more of mixture therein.
More than water-soluble base be existing ripe medicinal soluble matrix, with its prepare gel it is reproducible, into
This is cheap, safe.
Transdermal enhancer in above-mentioned B steps can be one or more of mixtures in different molecular weight polyethylene glycol, poly- second
Glycol molecular weight is between 300~6000.
More than transdermal enhancer be existing ripe medicinal transdermal enhancer, with its prepare gel is reproducible, cost is cheap,
It is safe.
Preservative in above-mentioned B step is benzalkonium bromide, anesin, ethyl hydroxy benzoate, benzoic acid, phenylmercuric acetate,
P-hydroxybenzoate one or more of mixture therein.
More than preservative be existing ripe pharmaceutical preservative, with its prepare gel is reproducible, cost is cheap,
It is safe.
Antioxidant in above-mentioned B step is gallic acid alkyl ester, vitamin E, ascorbic acid, sulphite are therein
One or more of mixtures.
More than antioxidant agent be existing ripe medicinal antioxidant, with its prepare gel is reproducible, cost is cheap,
It is safe.
Compared with existing skin gel, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The present invention by the gingko containing various bioactivators after smashing to pieces distill flooding by way of obtain it is white
Fruit extract solution, then by being mixed with out the gel containing Semen Ginkgo extract with different types of gel-type vehicle.In gingko
Active material is stored in gel by good.Experiment test proves that gel containing Semen Ginkgo extract produced by the present invention has
Obvious local skin anti-inflammatory, anti-acne, the class of dispelling, whitening effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the obtained gel containing Semen Ginkgo extract of method of the embodiment of the present invention one, two, three is used for facial skin
The efficient column comparison diagram of anti-acne.
Embodiment：
The present invention is described in further detail for embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment one
A, 50 grams of gingkoes are added in 500 milliliters of water, stirred 2 hours after smashing to pieces, it is stand-by after the filtering of 100 mesh nylon cloths；
B, 100 grams of 70 grams of tristerin, 100 grams of stearic acid, 120 grams of vaseline, liquid paraffin Hybrid Heatings are taken to melt
Turn to oil phase；
C, by glycerine 120 grams be well mixed with gingko extract solution, add 10 grams of dodecyl sodium sulfate, ethyl hydroxy benzoate 1
Gram, 1 gram of ascorbic acid and be well mixed, form aqueous phase；
D, aqueous phase is slowly poured into oil phase, side edged stirs, until condensation, it is gingko toilet cream to obtain gel containing Semen Ginkgo extract.
Embodiment two
A, 50 grams of gingkoes are added in 500 milliliters of water, stirred 4 hours after smashing to pieces, it is stand-by after the filtering of 100 mesh nylon cloths；
B, by 200 grams of 90 grams of beeswax, 210 grams of paraffin, vaseline mixing, it is heated to melting；
C, gingko extract solution is well mixed with 200 grams of lanolin；
D, C solution is slowly poured into B solution, side edged stirs, until condensation, obtains gel containing Semen Ginkgo extract and protected for gingko
Snow frost.
Embodiment three
A, 50 grams of gingkoes are added in 500 milliliters of water, stirred 2 hours after smashing to pieces, it is stand-by after the filtering of 100 mesh nylon cloths；
B, gingko extract solution and 100 grams of glycerine, 80 grams of 4000 polyethylene glycol of molecular weight, 10 milliliters of benzalkonium bromide, dimension are given birth to
Plain E1 grams common addition mortar, obtains gel Semen Ginkgo extract gel, is gingko gel after grinding well.
The ratio between gingko extract solution and oleaginous base, water-soluble base or water imbibition matrix in the inventive method
Example is without particular/special requirement, as long as the amount of active component is enough to produce curative effect and is not to produce toxicity in gingko extract solution.
The ratio between gingko extract solution and antioxidant, preservative, transdermal enhancer in the inventive method without particular/special requirement,
As long as the amount of antioxidant, preservative, transdermal enhancer meets anti-oxidant, anti-corrosion, promotes transdermal effect and be not to produce respectively
Toxigenicity.
Below it is demonstrated experimentally that can be played using gel containing Semen Ginkgo extract made from the inventive method to local skin
Anti-acne acts on.
Use the obtained gingko of gel containing the Semen Ginkgo extract toilet cream of method difference of embodiment one, two, three, gingko
Face cream, gingko gel carry out local skin anti-acne experiment.Experimental method：Semen Ginkgo extract gel coating will be contained in clinic
The acne surface of the 30 facial skin patients with acne randomly selected, it is coated with once after daily night face cleaning, is seen after three days
Acne healing effect is examined, this experiment is coated with the patient of acne as control group using clear water.
The efficient column comparison diagram of the anti-acne of facial skin containing Semen Ginkgo extract is as shown in Figure 1.
As can be seen from Figure 1：The gingko toilet cream effective percentage of embodiment one is (85.2 ± 13.5) %；Embodiment two
The effective percentage of gingko face cream is (51.7 ± 8.8) %；The effective percentage of the gingko gel of embodiment three is (90.6 ± 7.2) %；Clear water
The control group effective percentage of coating is (23.6 ± 10.8) %.
Claims (14)
1. a kind of Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, distilled water is added to smash stirring and leaching to pieces gingko, thin nylon filter cloth filters, and the mass ratio of gingko and water is between 1: 99~1；Smash mixing time to pieces 1~6 hour；Nylon filter cloth is between 80~200 mesh；
B, oleaginous base is heated and is molten into oil phase, the mass ratio of gingko extract solution and oleaginous base is between 1: 99~1；
C, water-soluble base is well mixed with gingko extract solution, add emulsifying agent, preservative, antioxidant and form aqueous phase, the mass ratio of gingko extract solution and water-soluble base is between 1: 99~1, and emulsifying agent, preservative, the mass ratio of antioxidant and water-soluble base are between 1: 9999~9；
D, aqueous phase in C is slowly poured into oil phase in B, side edged stirs, until condensation, produces Semen Ginkgo extract gel, the mass ratio of oil phase and aqueous phase is between 1: 99~1.
A kind of 2. Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described oleaginous base can be vaseline, paraffin, lanolin, beeswax, dimethicone, spermaceti, vegetable oil, axunge one or more of mixture therein.
A kind of 3. Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described water-soluble base can be one or more of mixtures in different molecular weight polyethylene glycol, and molecular weight polyethylene glycol is between 300~6000.
A kind of 4. Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described emulsifying agent can be one or more of mixtures in monovalence soap, multivalence soap, sodium alkyl sulfate, higher aliphatic, polyol ester, polyoxyethylene ether derivant.
A kind of 5. Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described preservative is benzalkonium bromide, anesin, ethyl hydroxy benzoate, benzoic acid, phenylmercuric acetate, p-hydroxybenzoate one or more of mixture therein.
A kind of 6. Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described antioxidant is gallic acid alkyl ester, vitamin E, ascorbic acid, sulphite one or more of mixture therein.
7. a kind of Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, distilled water is added to smash stirring and leaching to pieces gingko, thin nylon filter cloth filters, and the mass ratio of gingko and water is between 1: 99~1；Smash mixing time to pieces 1~6 hour；Nylon filter cloth is between 80~200 mesh；
B, oleaginous base is heated and is molten into oil phase, the mass ratio of gingko extract solution and oleaginous base is between 1: 99~1；
C, gingko extract solution is well mixed with water imbibition matrix, the mass ratio of gingko extract solution and water imbibition matrix is between 1: 99~1；
D, C solution is slowly poured into B solution, side edged stirs, until condensation, produces Semen Ginkgo extract gel, the mass ratio of C step solution and oleaginous base is between 1: 99~1.
A kind of 8. Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：Described oleaginous base can be vaseline, paraffin, lanolin, beeswax, dimethicone, spermaceti, vegetable oil, axunge one or more of mixture therein.
A kind of 9. Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：Described water imbibition matrix is lanolin, cholesterine, vaseline one or more of mixture therein.
10. a kind of Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, distilled water is added to smash stirring and leaching to pieces gingko, thin nylon filter cloth filters, and the mass ratio of gingko and water is between 1: 99~1；Smash mixing time to pieces 1~6 hour；Nylon filter cloth is between 80~200 mesh；
B, gingko extract solution and water-soluble base, transdermal enhancer, antioxidant, preservative are added into mortar jointly, produces Semen Ginkgo extract gel after grinding well, the mass percent in gel shared by various compositions is：Gingko extract solution 1~50%, water-soluble base 10~95%, transdermal enhancer 0.01~20%, antioxidant 0.01~20%, preservative 0.01~20%.
A kind of 11. Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that：Described water-soluble base can be distilled water, carboxy vinyl copolymer, sodium alginate derivative, cellulose derivative, different molecular weight polyethylene glycol one or more of mixture therein.
A kind of 12. Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that：Described transdermal enhancer can be one or more of mixtures in different molecular weight polyethylene glycol, and molecular weight polyethylene glycol is between 300~6000.
A kind of 13. Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that：Described preservative is benzalkonium bromide, anesin, ethyl hydroxy benzoate, benzoic acid, phenylmercuric acetate, p-hydroxybenzoate one or more of mixture therein.
A kind of 14. Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that：Described antioxidant is gallic acid alkyl ester, vitamin E, ascorbic acid, sulphite one or more of mixture therein.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610293570.3A CN107334792A (en) | 2016-05-01 | 2016-05-01 | A kind of Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610293570.3A CN107334792A (en) | 2016-05-01 | 2016-05-01 | A kind of Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107334792A true CN107334792A (en) | 2017-11-10 |
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| CN201610293570.3A Pending CN107334792A (en) | 2016-05-01 | 2016-05-01 | A kind of Semen Ginkgo extract gel applied to skin and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1186690A (en) * | 1998-01-11 | 1998-07-08 | 胡茂德 | Acne paste of ginkgo and its use |
| KR101064904B1 (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2011-09-16 | 주식회사 씨앤피차앤박화장품 | Cosmetic composition for improving acne comprising natural extracts |
| CN103191037A (en) * | 2013-03-30 | 2013-07-10 | 杭州师范大学 | Gingko whitening anti-acne cream |
| CN104800150A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-07-29 | 常州市第四制药厂有限公司 | Minoxidil cream and preparation method thereof |
-
2016
- 2016-05-01 CN CN201610293570.3A patent/CN107334792A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1186690A (en) * | 1998-01-11 | 1998-07-08 | 胡茂德 | Acne paste of ginkgo and its use |
| KR101064904B1 (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2011-09-16 | 주식회사 씨앤피차앤박화장품 | Cosmetic composition for improving acne comprising natural extracts |
| CN103191037A (en) * | 2013-03-30 | 2013-07-10 | 杭州师范大学 | Gingko whitening anti-acne cream |
| CN104800150A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-07-29 | 常州市第四制药厂有限公司 | Minoxidil cream and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 卞振环: "自拟白果霜外用治疗寻常痤疮的临床观察 ", 《皮肤病与性病》 * |
| 郭慧玲等: "《药剂学》", 28 February 2014, 中山大学出版社 * |
| 陈有亮: "《考点通关必备：药学中级》", 30 November 2014, 中国医药科技出版社 * |
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