CN107328898B - Crossing fault tunnel excavation simulation experiment device - Google Patents
Crossing fault tunnel excavation simulation experiment device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107328898B CN107328898B CN201710584542.1A CN201710584542A CN107328898B CN 107328898 B CN107328898 B CN 107328898B CN 201710584542 A CN201710584542 A CN 201710584542A CN 107328898 B CN107328898 B CN 107328898B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
Abstract
The invention provides a simulation experiment device for excavation of a cross-sectional tunnel, which utilizes two short steel plates hinged with each other to simulate uneven surrounding rock pressure caused by the volume weight difference or the elevation difference of the surrounding rock. The hinged short steel plate can transfer shearing force but not bending moment, so that the shearing damage caused by sudden pressure change can be avoided while the non-uniform surrounding rock pressure is simulated; the thickness and the inclination angle of the fault can be flexibly controlled through the gauze, so that a fault model which is more in line with the reality is obtained, and the fault model is particularly more obvious in a soft fault; the U-shaped soft rubber pads at the two ends of the tunnel lining model can prevent surrounding rock materials from entering the tunnel and can prevent the phenomenon that the tunnel lining model is damaged or toughened glass is broken due to concentrated stress generated by direct contact of the tunnel structure and the toughened glass on the front side and the rear side under the action of pressure. The method can research the quantitative influence of fault terrain on the tunnel by controlling single variable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel tests, in particular to a simulation experiment device for excavation of a tunnel passing through a fault.
Background
When the tunnel passes through a fault, engineering problems such as collapse, large deformation, water inrush, mud inrush and the like easily occur, so that the engineering difficulty and cost are greatly increased, and even safety accidents are caused. The model test is carried out to research the construction mechanics, the surrounding rock damage rule and the surrounding rock stability of the fault fracture zone, so that the disasters can be effectively prevented or treated.
In the prior art, a displacement synchronous control device and a test method for simulating tunnel crossing active fault, which are applied by the southwest transportation university in 2016 and have the application number of 201610004012.0, disclose that a uncovered model test box consists of a movable left half box and a fixed right half box, the left half box is connected to a reaction frame through a loading plate and a horizontal loading device, the left half box is connected to a horizontal moving pair of a base through a vertical loading device below, the right half box is directly fixed to the base through a high-strength bolt, and the inclined edge of the right half box is parallel to the inclined edge of the left half box and is connected through the moving pair. And a model space rotating bracket for fixing the tunnel model is arranged in the model test box. The device can simulate the test of a tunnel damage mechanism under the condition of stick-slip dislocation of the movable fault loaded by displacement synchronous control in different forms (walking slip, inclination and slant) and different space positions (intersection angle and inclination angle relation of the tunnel and the fault), and provides reliable test data for the design and construction of the tunnel so as to ensure the operation safety of the tunnel.
However, the existing fault model crossing fault tunnel excavation simulation experiment is too single in the aspects of tunnel buried depth, fault thickness, fault inclination angle, fault and tunnel axis included angle and the like, and cannot accurately control variables, so that the quantitative relation between tunnel stability and various factors is researched, and the measured result has deviation which is difficult to adjust in practical application and is not representative, so that the experimental experiment is difficult to flexibly adapt to variable engineering actual geological conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a simulation experiment device for excavation of a tunnel penetrating through a fault, which can flexibly control variables such as tunnel burial depth, fault thickness, fault inclination angle, included angle between the fault and the tunnel axis and the like, and can adapt to various fault environments.
The invention provides a simulation experiment device for excavation of a cross-over fault tunnel, which comprises a test box body 1, a fixed steel frame 2, U-shaped steel 3, angle steel 4, a jack 5, a force transmission steel plate 7, a surrounding rock simulation material 9, a fault simulation material 10, a tunnel lining model 11, a differential type digital display displacement meter 13, a strain type soil pressure cell 14 and a hinge device 16, wherein the fixed steel frame is a steel frame;
the lower end of each fixed steel frame 2 penetrates through the test box body 1, the fixed steel frames 2 are divided into four groups, and the four groups of fixed steel frames 2 are distributed in parallel along the axial direction of the tunnel; the lower ends of the fixed steel frames 2 are connected through U-shaped steel 3, and the lower ends are connected through angle steel 4; the upper jack 5 is fixed on the upper part of the fixed steel frame 2, and the lower jack of the jack 5 is arranged on the force transmission steel plate 7; the force transmission steel plate 7 is formed by splicing four short steel plates through a hinging device 16, and each section of short steel plate is provided with a jack 5; a space surrounded by the force transmission steel plate 7 and the test box body 1 is filled with a surrounding rock simulation material 9 and a fault simulation material 10; the tunnel lining model 1 penetrates through a surrounding rock simulation material 9 and a fault simulation material 10 along the length direction of the test box body 1; the differential digital display displacement meter 13 and the strain type soil pressure cell 14 are arranged along the outer side of the primary lining of the tunnel lining model 11.
Further, the surrounding rock simulation material 9 and the fault simulation material 10 are separated by a gauze 8, and the gauze 8 is fixed on the test box body 1 by a shooting nail 15.
Furthermore, two ends of the tunnel lining model 11 are connected with the test box body 1 through horseshoe-shaped soft rubber pads 12.
Furthermore, an anti-skid cushion block 6 is arranged between the lower top of the jack 5 and the force transmission steel plate 7.
Furthermore, the left, right and lower three surfaces of the test box body 1 are of a composite structure of steel plates outside the inner side wood plate.
Furthermore, transparent toughened glass is arranged on the front side and the rear side of the test box body 1.
Further, the surrounding rock simulation material 9 is prepared from river sand, quartz sand, fly ash and engine oil.
Further, the fault simulation material 10 is prepared from fine sand, fly ash and sawdust.
Further, the connection part of the U-shaped steel 3 and the angle steel 4 is fixed by a fastening screw.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an experimental device for simulating excavation of a cross-over fault tunnel, which utilizes short steel plates hinged in pairs to simulate uneven surrounding rock pressure caused by the volume weight difference or elevation difference of surrounding rocks. The hinged short steel plate can transfer shearing force but not bending moment, so that the shearing damage caused by sudden pressure change can be avoided while the non-uniform surrounding rock pressure is simulated; the thickness and the inclination angle of the fault can be flexibly controlled through the gauze, so that a fault model which is more in line with the reality is obtained, and the fault model is particularly more obvious in a soft fault; the U-shaped soft rubber pads at the two ends of the tunnel lining model can prevent surrounding rock materials from entering the tunnel and can prevent the phenomenon that the tunnel lining model is damaged or toughened glass is broken due to concentrated stress generated by direct contact of the tunnel structure and the toughened glass on the front side and the rear side under the action of pressure. The method can research the quantitative influence of fault terrain on the tunnel by controlling single variable.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental device for simulating excavation of a cross-sectional tunnel according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the experimental device for simulating excavation of a cross-sectional tunnel according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the experimental apparatus for simulating excavation through a fault tunnel according to the present embodiment includes a test box 1, a fixed steel frame 2, U-shaped steel 3, angle steel 4, a jack 5, an anti-skid pad 6, a force transmission steel plate 7, a gauze 8, a surrounding rock simulation material 9, a fault simulation material 10, a tunnel lining model 11, a horseshoe-shaped soft rubber pad 12, a differential digital display displacement meter 13, a strain type soil pressure box 14, a shooting nail 15, and a hinge device 16. The left, right and lower three surfaces of the test box body 1 are of a composite structure of steel plates outside the inner side wood plate. Transparent toughened glass is arranged on the front side and the rear side of the test box body 1. The test box 1 is passed to 2 lower extremes of fixed steelframe, four fixed steelframe of group 2 are along tunnel axial parallel distribution, with U shaped steel 3 between the steelframe, angle steel 4 is connected, department of succession is fixed with fastening screw, 2 upper portions of fixed steelframe in jack 5 top, put anti-skidding cushion 6 down, anti-skidding cushion 6 puts biography power steel sheet 7 down, it forms through 16 concatenations of articulated mounting by four steel sheets to pass the power steel sheet, be provided with jack 5 on every section of short steel sheet, jack 5 is connected with loading controller. The space surrounded by the force transmission steel plate 7 and the test box body 1 is filled with a surrounding rock simulation material 9 and a fault simulation material 10, the surrounding rock simulation material 9 is prepared from river sand, quartz sand, fly ash and engine oil, and the mixing proportion is determined by controlling cohesive force, internal friction angle, volume weight, elastic modulus and Poisson ratio through experiments according to specific engineering geology. The fault simulation material 10 is prepared from fine sand, fly ash and sawdust, and the mixing proportion is determined by controlling cohesive force and internal friction angle through a direct shear experiment according to specific engineering geology. The surrounding rock simulation material 9 and the fault simulation material 10 are separated by a gauze 8, namely, the gauze is used for controlling the fault thickness and the inclination angle. The gauze 8 is fixed on the test box body 1 by a shooting nail 15, the tunnel lining model 11 passes through the surrounding rock simulation material 9 and the fault simulation material 10 along the length direction of the test box body 1, the differential digital display displacement meter 13 and the strain type soil pressure box 14 are arranged along the outer side of the primary lining of the tunnel lining model 11, and the differential digital display displacement meter 13 and the strain type soil pressure box 14 are connected with the PC end. Two ends of the tunnel lining model 11 are connected with the test box body 1 through horseshoe-shaped soft rubber pads 12.
And simulating uneven surrounding rock pressure caused by the volume weight difference or the elevation difference of the surrounding rocks by using the short steel plates which are hinged in pairs. The hinged short steel plate can transfer shearing force but not bending moment, so that the shearing damage caused by sudden pressure change can be avoided while the non-uniform surrounding rock pressure is simulated; the thickness and the inclination angle of a fault can be flexibly controlled through the gauze, a fault model which is more in line with the reality is obtained, and the fault model is particularly obvious in a soft fault; the U-shaped soft rubber pads at the two ends of the tunnel lining model can prevent surrounding rock materials from entering the tunnel and can prevent the phenomenon that the tunnel lining model is damaged or toughened glass is broken due to concentrated stress generated by direct contact of the tunnel structure and the toughened glass on the front side and the rear side under the action of pressure. The scheme can research the quantitative influence of fault terrain on the tunnel by controlling single variable.
When the device is used for carrying out experiments, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
1. and (4) setting up the dimensions of the set model. The dimensions of the test box were determined from the geometric similarity ratio of 1.
2. And (3) configuration of the surrounding rock simulation material and the fault simulation material. Firstly, obtaining cohesive force, an internal friction angle, volume weight, elastic modulus, poisson's ratio and cohesive force and an internal friction angle of a fault of the surrounding rock through a direct shear test, a unidirectional compression test, a triaxial compression test and a density test, and adjusting the material ratio of the model soil according to a test result until an expected physical parameter value is obtained. The proportioning method comprises the following steps: river sand is used as a basic material, quartz sand is used for adjusting the strength and the elastic modulus, fly ash is used for similar material fine particles of surrounding rocks, and engine oil is used for adjusting the cohesive force and the internal friction angle of the similar material of the surrounding rocks.
3. And (6) mounting a testing device. The method comprises the steps of firstly installing a test box body and a fixed steel frame, setting the inclination angles of two layers of parallel gauzes and the included angle between the inclination angles and the axis of a tunnel, reserving contour lines on the gauzes, penetrating the gauzes with preset inclination angles through a prefabricated tunnel lining model, and installing a differential digital display displacement meter and a strain type soil pressure box outside the tunnel lining model. Fault simulation materials and surrounding rock simulation materials are filled between the gauze and the inner wall of the box body and between the two layers of gauze respectively.
4. And (4) setting the pressure of the surrounding rock. And setting the pressing parameters of all the jacks according to the simulated specific geology and topography.
5. And (4) applying pressure according to preset parameters, observing the tunnel lining model, reading the differential digital display displacement meter and the reading of the strain soil pressure cell, and recording the appearance condition and data.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a cross fault tunnel excavation simulation experiment device which characterized in that: the device comprises a test box body (1), a fixed steel frame (2), U-shaped steel (3), angle steel (4), a jack (5), a force transmission steel plate (7), a surrounding rock simulation material (9), a fault simulation material (10), a tunnel lining model (11), a differential digital display displacement meter (13), a strain type soil pressure cell (14) and a hinge device (16);
the lower end of each fixed steel frame (2) penetrates through the test box body (1), the number of the fixed steel frames (2) is four, and the four groups of the fixed steel frames (2) are distributed in parallel along the axial direction of the tunnel; the lower ends of the fixed steel frames (2) are connected through U-shaped steel (3), and the lower ends are connected through angle steel (4); the upper jack of the jack (5) is fixed on the upper part of the fixed steel frame (2), the lower jack of the jack (5) is arranged on the force transmission steel plate (7), and an anti-skid cushion block (6) is arranged between the lower jack of the jack (5) and the force transmission steel plate (7); the force transmission steel plate (7) is formed by splicing four short steel plates through a hinge device (16), and each section of short steel plate is provided with a jack (5); a surrounding rock simulation material (9) and a fault simulation material (10) are filled in the space surrounded by the force transmission steel plate (7) and the test box body (1); the surrounding rock simulation material (9) and the fault simulation material (10) are separated by a gauze (8), and the gauze (8) is fixed on the test box body (1) by a shooting nail (15); the tunnel lining model (11) penetrates through the surrounding rock simulation material (9) and the fault simulation material (10) along the length direction of the test box body (1); and the differential digital display displacement meter (13) and the strain type soil pressure box (14) are arranged along the outer side of the primary lining of the tunnel lining model (11).
2. The simulation experiment device for excavation of the cross-fault tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: and two ends of the tunnel lining model (11) are connected with the test box body (1) through horseshoe-shaped soft rubber pads (12).
3. The simulation experiment device for excavation of the cross-fault tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the left surface, the right surface and the lower surface of the test box body (1) are of a composite structure of steel plates outside the inner side wood plate.
4. The simulation experiment device for excavation of the cross-fault tunnel according to claim 3, wherein: transparent toughened glass is arranged on the front side and the rear side of the test box body (1).
5. The simulation experiment device for excavation of the cross-fault tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surrounding rock simulation material (9) is prepared from river sand, quartz sand, fly ash and engine oil.
6. The simulation experiment device for excavation of the cross-fault tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fault simulation material (10) is prepared from fine sand, fly ash and sawdust.
7. The simulation experiment device for excavation of the cross-fault tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the joint of the U-shaped steel (3) and the angle steel (4) is fixed by a fastening screw.
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| CN107328898A (en) | 2017-11-07 |
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