CN107328625A - The method of crackle is close in a kind of simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing - Google Patents
The method of crackle is close in a kind of simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107328625A CN107328625A CN201710636197.1A CN201710636197A CN107328625A CN 107328625 A CN107328625 A CN 107328625A CN 201710636197 A CN201710636197 A CN 201710636197A CN 107328625 A CN107328625 A CN 107328625A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
Abstract
The invention provides the method that crackle is close in a kind of closing of simulation rock interior three-dimensional, a complete transparent material is taken, precrack position and scope is internally selected；By lens by Laser Focusing in above-mentioned position, laser energy exceedes the damage threshold of material during focusing, the position is produced a breakdown point；Said process is repeated, laser is focused on around breakdown point and produces one group of breakdown point；Laser energy is continually entered, while causing the breakdown point Continuous Damage first produced to extend and connecting and form the plane of fracture；Simultaneously with energy input, outermost breakdown point extends towards outward flange Continuous Damage, forms the neat Crack Extension area of a circle（Anchor ring）And be connected with the plane of fracture, forming three dimensional closure in the position of precrack is close to crackle, and the remainder of transparent material is kept intact.Rationally, rapidly and efficiently, without other unnecessary cracks, neat in edge, test specimen completely without destruction, is approached, fidelity is high this method with the property of rock material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rock engineering failure prediction and security technology area, it is related to a kind of simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing
It is close to the method for crackle.
Background technology
Rock fracture problem is a basic problem of engineering circles, and such as large-scale rock, which is acutely broken, can cause earthquake；Rock
The extension of stone underbead crack is until destruction, can cause water conservancy, access tunnel to cave in, and the catastrophic effect such as slope and land slide threatens people
The people's livelihood orders property safety, therefore, and the rock extension failure law containing crackle is always the major issue of engineering circles concern.
Material crack can be divided into three classes according to occurring position：Three dimensional closure crackle（Also known as immerged crack）, face crack and
Through-wall crack.
The definition that crackle is close in interior three-dimensional closing refers to the crackle for being present in material internal, and completely by complete material
Medium is wrapped up, and is not ftractureed to the crackle of material surface.
The definition of face crack refers to that it is crackle of the cracking to material surface to have one side, and crackle remainder is all in material
It is internal.Material such as is pierced into cutter, but is not pierced through, the crackle that cutter is formed after extracting is exactly face crack.
The definition of through-wall crack refers to have 2 faces to ftracture to the crackle of material surface, crackle remainder is all wrapped in material
It is internal.It is through-wall crack such as to use the crackle formed after cutter pierceable material, extraction.
In the prior art, material internal make three dimensional closure be close to crackle, realize this similar " internal medicine operation " without
To material, other positions are impacted, and this technical difficulty is high, and let alone interior three-dimensional immerged crack is carried out in size
Accurately control.
There are three kinds of methods to be used for the closing of simulation rock interior three-dimensional at present and be close to crackle, but all there is very big problem.This
Literary method has essential distinction with three kinds of methods：
（1）Casting method：Use at present 2 patents of the method mandate for：Zhu Zhende et al. is invented for 2016, application publication number
CN104327472A：A kind of making of simulation rock propagation of internal cracks transparent material, and Kong Yang et al. invention, Shen Qing Publication
Number CN 105890950A：One kind simulation contains random, nonrandom crack or hole transparent material preparation method.Mainly use epoxy
The transparent materials such as resin, potassium oxide ethyl ketone, which are poured, is solidified into transparent material simulation rock, internally placed during cast sheet metal or
After mica sheet, curing molding, sheet metal or mica sheet are considered as underbead crack.This method need to be dried repeatedly, cryogenic freezing.But
It is that casting method has following many deficiencies：1）Simulation process is not enough：Crack complex manufacturing process, takes long, manufacturing process includes
Mold Making, prefabricated crack are made, mixed liquor makes and solidification test specimen is repeated into the step methods such as baking, freezing, into
This height, inefficiency；2）Brittleness degree is not enough：It is left that transparent material brittleness degree maximum prepared by casting method also can only achieve 1/7-1/8
The right side, and the brittleness degree average of different rock is 1/10 or so, the brittleness degree of some rocks can be up to 1/20；3）Experimental condition is not
Foot：Casting method needs low temperature environment to realize, experimental condition requires harsh；4）Crackle is not enough：Casting method using sheet metal or
Mica sheet, as precrack, is not real without thickness crackle, simulation quality is not enough；5）Transparency is not enough.To sum up, prepared by casting method
Transparent material and true rock in crack and hole have certain gap, it is difficult to be really the process of simulation rock crackle, emulation
Property it is not enough, obtained credible result degree is relatively low.
（2）Cut-paste method：1. by PMMA sheet materials or simple glass cutting into two, 2. in the phase of two halves above-mentioned material
With each Self cleavage one " groove " on position, 3. and then again the position in addition to " groove " is pasted with glue, contains inside into one
The entirety of trough." groove " is considered as underbead crack.Adams M（Crack extension from flaws in a brittle
material subjected to compression [J]. Tctonophysics）Interior three-dimensional is made Deng using the method
Closed crack, but cut-method of pasting has following deficiency：1）Simulation process is not enough：Crack complex manufacturing process, takes long,
PMMA sheet materials or glass are first subjected to surface cutting, after by the glass of two pieces of well cuttings relative to pasting into containing the saturating of precrack
Bright material, larger with simulation process and actual rock crackle forming process difference, simulation quality is low；2）Brittleness degree is not enough：Cut-paste method
The transparent material brittleness degree maximum of preparation also can only achieve 1/3 or so, and the brittleness degree average of different rocks has 1/10 or so
The brittleness degree of a little rocks can be up to 1/20；3）Crackle is not enough：The precrack for cutting-pasting method is to cut to be formed by cutter, no
It is the crackle that real crack surface is close to；4）Test specimen integrality is not enough：Sample is bonded by glue, is not homogeneous body.
（3）3D printing technique：By printing technique, the quartz sand file printing of molten condition is fabricated to the transparent of complexity
Three-dimensional Rock model.Li Hui et al. is invented, application issue CN105904573A：A kind of transparent rock mass based on 3D printing technique
Preparation method.But, actually glass 3D printing is successfully realized, just has substantive breakthroughs until 2017, and deliver to the whole world
Most top periodical《Nature》On（Volume 2017,44, doi:10.1038/nature22061）, for using 3D printing technique system
Make interior three-dimensional crackle, currently there are no and realize this technology.3D printing method has the following disadvantages simultaneously：1）3D printing technique is needed
Quartz sand is warmed to 1600-1800 DEG C of melting, the requirement to equipment is high, technology and complex operation；2）The application of 3D printing
Cost is high, is not suitable for large-scale promotion application；3）Material uniformity and transparency prepared by 3D printing be not high；4）3D printing technique
Patents be to realize the making of transparent rock mass, how further to make crackle including interior three-dimensional closed crack, table
Facial cleft line and through-wall crack there is no data now.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：In order to overcome the above not enough, the present invention provides a kind of simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing and is close to crackle
Method.
Technical scheme：In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides inside a kind of simulation rock three
The method of crackle is close in dimension closing, comprises the following steps：A complete transparent material is taken, the position of precrack is internally selected,
Precrack size, shape are modeled；By lens focus laser, the energy density of the laser is entering transparent material
And it is less than the damage threshold of transparent material before reaching the position of precrack, exceed transparent material in the position of precrack
Damage threshold；Laser pulse makes transparent material by thermal fracture, and a breakdown point is produced in the position overlay area of precrack；Repeat
Said process, forms the plane of fracture being made up of one group of breakdown point in the overlay area, while plane of fracture outward flange forms one
The neat Crack Extension area of circle is simultaneously connected with the plane of fracture, and forming three dimensional closure in the position of precrack is close to crackle, and
The remainder of transparent material is kept intact.The method of crackle, side are close in simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing of the present invention
Method is simple, reasonable, and it is to utilize laser at selected precrack first that above-mentioned formation three dimensional closure, which is close to the cardinal principle of crackle,
Form single breakdown point；The continuous incident pulse laser energy around single breakdown point, the lasting input of these energy, on the one hand
Constantly manufacture breakdown point, on the other hand can cause its continuous damage propatagtion, most to the breakdown point development of heat effect first made
It is linked to be a plane of fracture eventually；Outermost breakdown point, its outward flange crack-free point can the edge direction expansion outward under Thermodynamic effect
Open up and form a big expansion area（Anchor ring）；Expanding surface together constitutes three dimensional closure with the plane of fracture and is close to crackle.In addition, side
Rapidly and efficiently, modeling and being produced on can complete method within an hour, and it is achieved that can be with high fidelity under normal temperature environment
Ground internal controllable crackle of generation on transparent material, obtained crack can be a burnishing surface, only be direction one on a face
Cause, globality is very strong；It can also be a CV Surf, variously-shaped crackle can be made according to design drawing.Also, nothing
Other unnecessary cracks, neat in edge, test specimen can make true without thickness crackle completely without destruction, not limited by material shape
System.In addition, test specimen transparency is high, brittleness degree is high.The method of crackle is close in simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing of the present invention
Approached with the property of rock material, fidelity is high, and meets the most important two attributes of rock material, 1）Fragility characteristic：
Brittleness degree can reach 1/16-1/25；2）Fracture toughness rank is in ~ 1MPa/m1/2。
Above-mentioned simulation rock is internally formed the basic physical principle and process of single breakdown point such as（1）-（3）It is described：
（1）When incident laser by lens laser energy density reaches certain threshold value at the modes such as medium inner focusing, focusing when
（It is related to material）, now, medium is under laser action, and axial nonlinear ionization phenomenon occurs in neutral molecule.Ionization is made
Medium neutral molecule into focus position, which is ionized, to form plasma, i.e., by atom and atomic group be ionized after produce it is positive and negative from
Molecular ionized gas shape material, yardstick is more than macroscopical electroneutral ionized gas of Debye length, be often considered to be it is solid,
Outside liquid, gas, the 4th state that material is present.
（2）The tough cause absorption of nonlinear inverse occurs under laser action for the plasma for focusing on the generation of position medium, produces
Raw laser energy deposition, i.e. laser, which can be inhaled to be absorbed strongly by plasma, is changed into substantial amounts of heat energy and chemical energy.Meanwhile, laser
Transmission can not be continued, screen effect is produced to medium below.
（3）The big energy that reverse drag anticline is produced, while medium also generates a small amount of thermal effect to the Intrinsic Gettering of laser
Should, localized hyperthermia's high pressure is caused, causes stress to cause high fragility medium to rupture even microexplosion at focusing, be melted into and send out herein
One of raw phenomenon, or be " dielectric breakdown ", form single breakdown point.
Further, the method for crackle is close in the closing of above-mentioned simulation rock interior three-dimensional, and the optical maser wavelength is 532nm
Or 1064nm, pulsewidth is 1-30ns, and pulse energy is 1-300mJ.Laser energy for forming breakdown point, is macroscopically being referred to as
For medium " damage threshold ", index includes " energy density ", " beam intensity " etc. at this stage.
Further, the method for crackle, the single breakdown point size are close in the closing of above-mentioned simulation rock interior three-dimensional
For 5-80 μm.Breakdown point size can be by controlling laser parameter to realize.
Further, the method for crackle is close in above-mentioned simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing, the level of the breakdown point away from
From 0.005-0.1mm, vertical range 0.06-0.1mm.
Further, the method for crackle is close in the closing of above-mentioned simulation rock interior three-dimensional, and the number of plies of the plane of fracture is
3-10 layers.
Further, the method for crackle is close in the closing of above-mentioned simulation rock interior three-dimensional, and the transparent material includes people
Work crystal, glass.The method of crackle is close in simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing of the present invention, can promote the use of all
Transparent fragile material on, adaptability is good, and application cost is low, has a extensive future.
As a modification of the present invention, the method for crackle is close in above-mentioned simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing, described
Bright material is according to components by weight percent meter, including following components：
3-15 parts of iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester
5-15 parts of methacrylic acid -3- methoxyl groups silicon propyl ester
3-15 parts of nano silicon
40-55 parts of quartz sand
10-20 parts of boric acid
3-10 parts of barium carbonate
5-10 parts of calcium carbonate
3-10 parts of zinc carbonate
1-10 parts of sodium carbonate
5-9 parts of white mica powder
1-8 parts of zircon sand
1-8 parts of arsenic trioxide
1-8 parts of titanium dioxide
1-8 parts of lanthana
10-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol
6-10 parts of toluene
10-40 parts of ethanol
10-30 parts of deionized water.
As a modification of the present invention, above-mentioned transparent material property is more nearly true rock, and confidence level as a result is more
Rationally, the transparent material brittleness degree of preparation can reach 1/16-1/25 for height, simulating crack that can be more excellent, and component.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for crackle, institute are close in above-mentioned simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing
Transparent material is stated according to components by weight percent meter, including following components：
8 parts of iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester
8 parts of methacrylic acid -3- methoxyl group silicon propyl ester
10 parts of nano silicon
48 parts of quartz sand
18 parts of boric acid
7 parts of barium carbonate
8 parts of calcium carbonate
4 parts of zinc carbonate
5 parts of sodium carbonate
7 parts of white mica powder
3 parts of zircon sand
5 parts of arsenic trioxide
6 parts of titanium dioxide
3 parts of lanthana
12 parts of polyvinyl alcohol
8 parts of toluene
20 parts of ethanol
25 parts of deionized water.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, effect is optimal under above-mentioned condition.
Further, the method for crackle, the preparation of the transparent material are close in the closing of above-mentioned simulation rock interior three-dimensional
Technique, comprises the following steps：
1）Nano silicon is dissolved in toluene and the aqueous solution, methacrylic acid -3- methoxyl group silicon is added after being well mixed
Propyl ester, magnetic agitation 24h, standby at 40 DEG C；
2）By iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester dissolving in deionized water, under conditions of stirring, step 1 is added dropwise dropwise）In
Gained dispersion liquid, after being added dropwise to complete, after stirring 20-40min, ultrasound 30-50min, standby in Ultrasonic cell smash；
3）By step 2）The mixture of middle preparation is poured into reactor, is stirred and is passed through nitrogen protection, polyvinyl alcohol is added dropwise dropwise,
It is warming up to after 50-100 DEG C, reaction 4-6h, through copper mesh filtering and discharging after cooling, is washed by ethanol, filtered product exists
Dried in vacuum drying oven, it is standby；
4）By step 3）Quartz sand, boric acid, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc carbonate, sodium carbonate after the product of middle gained and grinding,
White mica powder, zircon sand, arsenic trioxide, titanium dioxide, lanthana are poured into silica crucible after being fully mixed evenly, are placed in
Founded in the silicon molybdenum rod furnace for being capable of accurate temperature controlling, 1250-1500 DEG C of melting, 1300-1600 DEG C of high temperature clarification is founded after end
Glass metal is poured out, passes through mould molding；Obtained products formed is put into Elema electric furnace, 520 DEG C insulation 180min, with 2 DEG C/
Min rate of temperature fall is cooled to 300 DEG C, and 300 DEG C of insulation 60min are cooled to 50 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall, close stove, from
Room temperature so is cooled to, the transparent material is obtained.
The preparation technology of transparent material, rationally, short preparation period can carry out large-scale application to method.
The present invention also provides the application that the method for crackle is close in a kind of simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing, the simulation rock
Interior three-dimensional closing is close to the method for crackle and is close to applied to internal containing three dimensional closure in the research of the rock fracture experiment of crackle.
Crack Extension processed and destruction can be truly studied, provides that a kind of application cost is low, experiment condition temperature for the field scientific research
The method of sum, and result of study and the real process degree of approach are high, with high application value.In addition, can also be special
Applied in fracture mechanics field, the internal material containing crackle, under various natural environments, the Disaster Study caused：Material
Expect the extension of continuation under external force of underbead crack and defect, directly contribute Aero-Space, communications and transportation, chemical industry, machinery, energy
Failure, catastrophe of each field structure such as source, civil engineering etc..Such as：The steel low stress brittle fracture that propagation of internal cracks is caused, is to lead
The reason for Aero-Space of cause, national defence highly sophisticated products explode；Fracture of the deep rock underbead crack under the extruding of plate shell is caused
Earthquake, tunnel accident；Cause engineering to cave in from metal, defect in concrete and Crack Extension, the accident such as bridge collapse；It is internal
The infringement that defect and crackle are caused is very big, and China's archaism " a solid dyke can collapse because of an ant hole in it ", " wall Beng Ruin, must be because of its gap " are also wrapped
Containing this thought.And fracture mechanics is to specialize in the science of intensity and crack propagation law containing crackle or defective material.
Beneficial effect：Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below：Three inside simulation rock of the present invention
The method of crackle is close in dimension closing, and method is simple, rationally, under normal temperature environment it is achieved that can with high fidelity saturating
Precrack on bright material, obtained crack is a burnishing surface, is only that on a face, direction is consistent, and globality is very strong, has no
Other unnecessary cracks, neat in edge, test specimen can make true without thickness crackle completely without destruction.In addition, test specimen transparency
Height, brittleness degree is high.And this method application cost is low, efficiency high, large-scale application can be carried out, adaptability is good, with high
Promotional value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the prefabricated three dimensional closure of transparent material of the present invention is close to before crackle；
Fig. 2 is the front view that prefabricated three dimensional closure of the present invention is close to the transparent material after crackle；
Fig. 3 is the side view that prefabricated three dimensional closure of the present invention is close to the transparent material after crackle；
Fig. 4-8 is close to crackle for the simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and extended simultaneously under load action
Cause the experimentation of whole sample rupture failure；
Fig. 9 is that the V-type three dimensional closure described in the embodiment of the present invention 2 is close to crackle；
Figure 10 is that the X-type three dimensional closure described in the embodiment of the present invention 2 is close to crackle；
Figure 11 is that the Z-type three dimensional closure described in the embodiment of the present invention 2 is close to crackle；
Figure 12-13 is the schematic diagram of the transparent material precrack described in the embodiment of the present invention 3；
Figure 14-15 is the schematic diagram of the transparent material precrack described in the embodiment of the present invention 4；
Figure 16-17 is close to the schematic diagram of crackle for the prefabricated three dimensional closure of transparent material described in the embodiment of the present invention 5.
Embodiment
Below will be by several specific embodiments, the present invention is furture elucidated, these embodiments simply to illustrate that problem,
It is not a kind of limitation.
Embodiment 1：
The method of crackle is close in a kind of simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing, comprises the following steps：A complete synthetic quartz is taken, is selected
The position of precrack, is modeled to precrack size, shape；By lens focus laser, the energy of the laser is close
Spend before the position of synthetic quartz and arrival precrack is entered and be less than the damage threshold of synthetic quartz, in the position of precrack
Put the damage threshold more than synthetic quartz；Laser pulse makes transparent material by thermal fracture, in the position overlay area of precrack
Produce a breakdown point；Said process is repeated, the plane of fracture being made up of one group of breakdown point is formed in the overlay area, is broken simultaneously
Broken face outward flange forms the neat Crack Extension area of a circle and is connected with the plane of fracture, and three-dimensional is formed in the position of precrack
Crackle is close in closing, and the remainder of synthetic quartz is kept intact.Wherein, the optical maser wavelength is 532nm, and pulsewidth is 1ns,
Pulse energy is 1mJ.The breakdown point size is 5 μm, the horizontal range 0.005mm of the breakdown point, vertical range 0.06mm,
And the number of plies of the plane of fracture is 3 layers.The synthetic quartz with precrack can be successfully obtained, transparent rocks are simulated.Such as Fig. 1-3
Shown, the crack obtained on transparent synthetic quartz is a burnishing surface, is only that on a face, direction is consistent, and globality is very
By force, other unnecessary cracks, neat in edge are had no.Applied in the Rock experiment research of the extension of research precrack and destruction
Go, approached through the every property of experiment test with rock and meet the most important two attributes of rock material 1. fragility characteristic, 2. broken
Split toughness.
The interior three-dimensional closing of progress simulation rock is close to crackle and is extended under load action and cause whole sample fracture broken
Bad experimentation research, experimental facilities：Loading device：Think carefully WAW-600 microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servos loading system in length and breadth, wrap
The universal testing machine of the 600kN containing maximum test force, DSCC-5000 multi-channel servo closed-loop control systems uniaxial compression is real
Test, the load mode controlled using power, loading speed is 1000N/s.
When not pressing, as shown in Figure 4；
0-90kN is packing stage, as shown in figure 5, the fine cracks before not pressing are compacted, upper right side crackle has been observed not
Arrive；
Pressure reached after 90kN, as shown in fig. 6, prefabricated crack lower end takes place small extension, spreading range continuous enlargement, this
For the crack initiation stage.
During 230kN, as shown in fig. 7, occur in that may be by stress concentration, the surface crack of generation at the top of test specimen, but it is simultaneously
The extension to precrack is not impacted.The winged crack that three dimensional closure is close to crackle two ends continues to extend, elongated, above and below
Two ends are developed；
Pressure reaches 420kN, as shown in figure 8, the closing of test specimen interior three-dimensional is close to Crack Extension to sample edge, whole test specimen is broken
It is bad.Thus obtain, crackle is close in interior three-dimensional closing influences huge to the survivability of sample, there is certain failure law,
I.e. sample is first from cracks cracking destruction.
Embodiment 2：
As shown in figs. 9-11, V, X, Z-type crackle can also be made using the method for embodiment 1, the cutting property of drawing for measuring rock
Can, and probe into these three crackles and single Crack Extension, the difference of insertion.Wherein, the optical maser wavelength is 1064nm, and pulsewidth is
30ns, pulse energy is 300mJ.The breakdown point size is 80 μm, the horizontal range 0.1mm of the breakdown point, vertical range
0.1mm, and the number of plies of the plane of fracture is 10 layers.
Embodiment 3：
As illustrated by figs. 12-13, crackle can equally be made using the method for embodiment 1 on the synthetic quartz of cylinder, be used for
Influence of the rock interior crackle to its tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and fracture toughness etc. is measured, the circle such as cylinder, electric pole is simulated
The Crack Extension of cylindricality, insertion.Wherein, the optical maser wavelength is 532nm, and pulsewidth is 20ns, and pulse energy is 48.9mJ.It is described
Breakdown point size is 20 μm, the horizontal range 0.01mm of the breakdown point, vertical range 0.08mm, and the number of plies of the plane of fracture is 6
Layer.
Embodiment 4：
As shown in figs. 14-15, a hole is opened on synthetic quartz, circular underground chamber, crackle are simulated using the method for embodiment 1
For simulating the plane of disruption within cavern's rock mass.Wherein, the optical maser wavelength is 532nm, and pulsewidth is 10ns, and pulse energy is
69mJ.The breakdown point size is 20 μm, the horizontal range 0.005mm of the breakdown point, vertical range 0.06mm, and the plane of fracture
The number of plies be 8 layers.
Embodiment 5：
As shown in figs. 16-17, a hole is opened on synthetic quartz, another circular Underground Tunnels are simulated using the method for embodiment 1
Room, crackle is used for simulating the plane of disruption within cavern's rock mass.Wherein, the optical maser wavelength is 1064nm, and pulsewidth is 25ns, pulse
Energy is 110mJ.The breakdown point size is 30 μm, the horizontal range 0.009mm of the breakdown point, vertical range 0.07mm,
And the number of plies of the plane of fracture is 4 layers.
Embodiment 6：
The method of crackle is close in a kind of simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing, comprises the following steps：A complete transparent material is taken, is selected
The position of precrack, is modeled to precrack size, shape；By lens focus laser, the energy of the laser is close
Spend before the position of transparent material and arrival precrack is entered and be less than the damage threshold of transparent material, in the position of precrack
Put the damage threshold more than transparent material；Laser pulse makes transparent material by thermal fracture, in the position overlay area of precrack
Produce a breakdown point；Said process is repeated, the plane of fracture being made up of one group of breakdown point is formed in the overlay area, is broken simultaneously
Broken face outward flange forms the neat Crack Extension area of a circle and is connected with the plane of fracture, and three-dimensional is formed in the position of precrack
Crackle is close in closing, and the remainder of transparent material is kept intact.Wherein, the optical maser wavelength is 532nm, and pulsewidth is
10ns, pulse energy is 5mJ.The breakdown point size is 5 μm, the horizontal range 0.005mm of the breakdown point, vertical range
0.06mm, and the number of plies of the plane of fracture is 3 layers.
Above-mentioned transparent material is according to components by weight percent meter, including following components：
3 parts of iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester
5 parts of methacrylic acid -3- methoxyl group silicon propyl ester
3 parts of nano silicon
40 parts of quartz sand
10 parts of boric acid
3 parts of barium carbonate
5 parts of calcium carbonate
3 parts of zinc carbonate
1 part of sodium carbonate
5 parts of white mica powder
1 part of zircon sand
1 part of arsenic trioxide
1 part of titanium dioxide
1 part of lanthana
10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol
6 parts of toluene
10 parts of ethanol
10 parts of deionized water.
The preparation technology of the transparent material, comprises the following steps：
1）Nano silicon is dissolved in toluene and the aqueous solution, methacrylic acid -3- methoxyl group silicon is added after being well mixed
Propyl ester, magnetic agitation 24h, standby at 40 DEG C；
2）By iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester dissolving in deionized water, under conditions of stirring, step 1 is added dropwise dropwise）In
Gained dispersion liquid, after being added dropwise to complete, after stirring 20min, ultrasound 30min, standby in Ultrasonic cell smash；
3）By step 2）The mixture of middle preparation is poured into reactor, is stirred and is passed through nitrogen protection, polyvinyl alcohol is added dropwise dropwise,
It is warming up to 50 DEG C, after reaction 4h, through copper mesh filtering and discharging after cooling, is washed by ethanol, filtered product dries in vacuum
Dried in case, it is standby；
4）By step 3）Quartz sand, boric acid, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc carbonate, sodium carbonate after the product of middle gained and grinding,
White mica powder, zircon sand, arsenic trioxide, titanium dioxide, lanthana are poured into silica crucible after being fully mixed evenly, are placed in
Founded in the silicon molybdenum rod furnace for being capable of accurate temperature controlling, 1250 DEG C of meltings, 1300 DEG C of high temperature clarifications pour out glass after founding end
Liquid, passes through mould molding；Obtained products formed is put into Elema electric furnace, 520 DEG C of insulation 180min, with 2 DEG C/min drop
Warm speed is cooled to 300 DEG C, and 300 DEG C of insulation 60min are cooled to 50 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall, close stove, natural cooling
To room temperature, the transparent material is obtained.
Embodiment 7：
The method of crackle is close in a kind of simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing, comprises the following steps：A complete transparent material is taken, is selected
The position of precrack, is modeled to precrack size, shape；By lens focus laser, the energy of the laser is close
Spend before the position of transparent material and arrival precrack is entered and be less than the damage threshold of transparent material, in the position of precrack
Put the damage threshold more than transparent material；Laser pulse makes transparent material by thermal fracture, in the position overlay area of precrack
Produce a breakdown point；Said process is repeated, the plane of fracture being made up of one group of breakdown point is formed in the overlay area, is broken simultaneously
Broken face outward flange forms the neat Crack Extension area of a circle and is connected with the plane of fracture, and three-dimensional is formed in the position of precrack
Crackle is close in closing, and the remainder of transparent material is kept intact.Wherein, the optical maser wavelength is 1064nm, and pulsewidth is
30ns, pulse energy is 300mJ.The breakdown point size is 80 μm, the horizontal range 0.1mm of the breakdown point, vertical range
0.1mm, and the number of plies of the plane of fracture is 10 layers.
Above-mentioned transparent material is according to components by weight percent meter, including following components：
15 parts of iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester
15 parts of methacrylic acid -3- methoxyl group silicon propyl ester
15 parts of nano silicon
55 parts of quartz sand
20 parts of boric acid
10 parts of barium carbonate
10 parts of calcium carbonate
10 parts of zinc carbonate
10 parts of sodium carbonate
9 parts of white mica powder
8 parts of zircon sand
8 parts of arsenic trioxide
8 parts of titanium dioxide
8 parts of lanthana
15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol
10 parts of toluene
40 parts of ethanol
30 parts of deionized water.
The preparation technology of the transparent material, comprises the following steps：
1）Nano silicon is dissolved in toluene and the aqueous solution, methacrylic acid -3- methoxyl group silicon is added after being well mixed
Propyl ester, magnetic agitation 24h, standby at 40 DEG C；
2）By iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester dissolving in deionized water, under conditions of stirring, step 1 is added dropwise dropwise）In
Gained dispersion liquid, after being added dropwise to complete, after stirring 40min, ultrasound 50min, standby in Ultrasonic cell smash；
3）By step 2）The mixture of middle preparation is poured into reactor, is stirred and is passed through nitrogen protection, polyvinyl alcohol is added dropwise dropwise,
It is warming up to 100 DEG C, after reaction 6h, through copper mesh filtering and discharging after cooling, is washed by ethanol, filtered product dries in vacuum
Dried in case, it is standby；
4）By step 3）Quartz sand, boric acid, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc carbonate, sodium carbonate after the product of middle gained and grinding,
White mica powder, zircon sand, arsenic trioxide, titanium dioxide, lanthana are poured into silica crucible after being fully mixed evenly, are placed in
Founded in the silicon molybdenum rod furnace for being capable of accurate temperature controlling, 1500 DEG C of meltings, 1600 DEG C of high temperature clarifications pour out glass after founding end
Liquid, passes through mould molding；Obtained products formed is put into Elema electric furnace, 520 DEG C of insulation 180min, with 2 DEG C/min drop
Warm speed is cooled to 300 DEG C, and 300 DEG C of insulation 60min are cooled to 50 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall, close stove, natural cooling
To room temperature, the transparent material is obtained.
Embodiment 8：
The method of crackle is close in a kind of simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing, comprises the following steps：A complete transparent material is taken, is selected
The position of precrack, is modeled to precrack size, shape；By lens focus laser, the energy of the laser is close
Spend before the position of transparent material and arrival precrack is entered and be less than the damage threshold of transparent material, in the position of precrack
Put the damage threshold more than transparent material；Laser pulse makes transparent material by thermal fracture, in the position overlay area of precrack
Produce a breakdown point；Said process is repeated, the plane of fracture being made up of one group of breakdown point is formed in the overlay area, is broken simultaneously
Broken face outward flange forms the neat Crack Extension area of a circle and is connected with the plane of fracture, and three-dimensional is formed in the position of precrack
Crackle is close in closing, and the remainder of transparent material is kept intact.Wherein, the optical maser wavelength is 532nm, and pulsewidth is
25ns, pulse energy is 160mJ.The breakdown point size is 40 μm, the horizontal range 0.05mm of the breakdown point, vertical range
0.08mm, and the number of plies of the plane of fracture is 7 layers.
Above-mentioned transparent material is according to components by weight percent meter, including following components：
8 parts of iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester
8 parts of methacrylic acid -3- methoxyl group silicon propyl ester
10 parts of nano silicon
48 parts of quartz sand
18 parts of boric acid
7 parts of barium carbonate
8 parts of calcium carbonate
4 parts of zinc carbonate
5 parts of sodium carbonate
7 parts of white mica powder
3 parts of zircon sand
5 parts of arsenic trioxide
6 parts of titanium dioxide
3 parts of lanthana
12 parts of polyvinyl alcohol
8 parts of toluene
20 parts of ethanol
25 parts of deionized water.
The preparation technology of the transparent material, comprises the following steps：
1）Nano silicon is dissolved in toluene and the aqueous solution, methacrylic acid -3- methoxyl group silicon is added after being well mixed
Propyl ester, magnetic agitation 24h, standby at 40 DEG C；
2）By iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester dissolving in deionized water, under conditions of stirring, step 1 is added dropwise dropwise）In
Gained dispersion liquid, after being added dropwise to complete, after stirring 30min, ultrasound 40min, standby in Ultrasonic cell smash；
3）By step 2）The mixture of middle preparation is poured into reactor, is stirred and is passed through nitrogen protection, polyvinyl alcohol is added dropwise dropwise,
It is warming up to 80 DEG C, after reaction 5h, through copper mesh filtering and discharging after cooling, is washed by ethanol, filtered product dries in vacuum
Dried in case, it is standby；
4）By step 3）Quartz sand, boric acid, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc carbonate, sodium carbonate after the product of middle gained and grinding,
White mica powder, zircon sand, arsenic trioxide, titanium dioxide, lanthana are poured into silica crucible after being fully mixed evenly, are placed in
Founded in the silicon molybdenum rod furnace for being capable of accurate temperature controlling, 1400 DEG C of meltings, 1500 DEG C of high temperature clarifications pour out glass after founding end
Liquid, passes through mould molding；Obtained products formed is put into Elema electric furnace, 520 DEG C of insulation 180min, with 2 DEG C/min drop
Warm speed is cooled to 300 DEG C, and 300 DEG C of insulation 60min are cooled to 50 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall, close stove, natural cooling
To room temperature, the transparent material is obtained.
Above-described embodiment is not the limitation for the present invention, and the present invention is not limited only to above-described embodiment, as long as meeting
Application claims, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method for crackle is close in a kind of simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：Take one complete
Transparent material, internally selectes the position of precrack, precrack size, shape is modeled；Swashed by lens focus
Light, the energy density of the laser is less than the destruction of transparent material before the position of transparent material and arrival precrack is entered
Threshold value, exceedes the damage threshold of transparent material in the position of precrack；Laser pulse makes transparent material by thermal fracture, prefabricated
The position overlay area of crackle produces a breakdown point；Said process is repeated, is formed in the overlay area by one group of breakdown point
The plane of fracture of composition, while plane of fracture outward flange forms the neat Crack Extension area of a circle and is connected with the plane of fracture, pre-
The position of crackle processed forms three dimensional closure and is close to crackle, and the remainder of transparent material is kept intact.
2. the method for crackle is close in simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described to swash
Light wave a length of 532nm or 1064nm, pulsewidth is 1-30ns, and pulse energy is 1-300mJ.
3. the method for crackle is close in simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described broken
Knick point size is 5-80 μm.
4. the method for crackle is close in simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described broken
The horizontal range 0.005-0.1mm of knick point, vertical range 0.06-0.1mm.
5. the method for crackle is close in simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described broken
The number of plies of broken face is 3-10 layers.
6. the method for crackle is close in the simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing according to claim any one of 1-5, its feature exists
In：The transparent material includes synthetic quartz, glass.
7. the method for crackle is close in the simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing according to claim any one of 1-5, its feature exists
In：The transparent material is according to components by weight percent meter, including following components：
3-15 parts of iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester
5-15 parts of methacrylic acid -3- methoxyl groups silicon propyl ester
3-15 parts of nano silicon
40-55 parts of quartz sand
10-20 parts of boric acid
3-10 parts of barium carbonate
5-10 parts of calcium carbonate
3-10 parts of zinc carbonate
1-10 parts of sodium carbonate
5-9 parts of white mica powder
1-8 parts of zircon sand
1-8 parts of arsenic trioxide
1-8 parts of titanium dioxide
1-8 parts of lanthana
10-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol
6-10 parts of toluene
10-40 parts of ethanol
10-30 parts of deionized water.
8. the method for crackle is close in simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：It is described
Bright material is according to components by weight percent meter, including following components：
8 parts of iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester
8 parts of methacrylic acid -3- methoxyl group silicon propyl ester
10 parts of nano silicon
48 parts of quartz sand
18 parts of boric acid
7 parts of barium carbonate
8 parts of calcium carbonate
4 parts of zinc carbonate
5 parts of sodium carbonate
7 parts of white mica powder
3 parts of zircon sand
5 parts of arsenic trioxide
6 parts of titanium dioxide
3 parts of lanthana
12 parts of polyvinyl alcohol
8 parts of toluene
20 parts of ethanol
25 parts of deionized water.
9. the method for crackle is close in simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：It is described
The preparation technology of bright material, comprises the following steps：
1）Nano silicon is dissolved in toluene and the aqueous solution, methacrylic acid -3- methoxyl group silicon is added after being well mixed
Propyl ester, magnetic agitation 24h, standby at 40 DEG C；
2）By iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester dissolving in deionized water, under conditions of stirring, step 1 is added dropwise dropwise）In
Gained dispersion liquid, after being added dropwise to complete, after stirring 20-40min, ultrasound 30-50min, standby in Ultrasonic cell smash；
3）By step 2）The mixture of middle preparation is poured into reactor, is stirred and is passed through nitrogen protection, polyvinyl alcohol is added dropwise dropwise,
It is warming up to after 50-100 DEG C, reaction 4-6h, through copper mesh filtering and discharging after cooling, is washed by ethanol, filtered product exists
Dried in vacuum drying oven, it is standby；
4）By step 3）Quartz sand, boric acid, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc carbonate, sodium carbonate after the product of middle gained and grinding,
White mica powder, zircon sand, arsenic trioxide, titanium dioxide, lanthana are poured into silica crucible after being fully mixed evenly, are placed in
Founded in silicon molybdenum rod furnace, 1250-1500 DEG C of melting, 1300-1600 DEG C of high temperature clarification is poured out glass metal after founding end, led to
Cross mould molding；Obtained products formed is put into Elema electric furnace, 520 DEG C of insulation 180min, with 2 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall
300 DEG C are cooled to, 300 DEG C of insulation 60min are cooled to 50 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall, close stove, naturally cool to room temperature,
Obtain the transparent material.
10. answering for the method for crackle is close in a kind of simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing according to claim any one of 1-9
With, it is characterised in that：The method that crackle is close in the simulation rock interior three-dimensional closing is applied to internal tight containing three dimensional closure
In the rock fracture experiment research for pasting crackle.
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| CN113933121A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-14 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for making internal fracture in natural real rock material and application thereof |
| CN113933122A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-14 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for manufacturing three-dimensional axisymmetric smooth curved internal crack |
| CN113932957A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-14 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Intelligent stress brick sensor and structural stress monitoring method and system |
| CN113932957B (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-04-29 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Intelligent stress brick sensor and structural stress monitoring method and system |
| CN113933121B (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-08-02 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for making internal fracture in natural real rock material and application thereof |
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