CN1219089C - High strength foam composite aluminum materials and preparation thereof - Google Patents
High strength foam composite aluminum materials and preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1219089C CN1219089C CN 03100180 CN03100180A CN1219089C CN 1219089 C CN1219089 C CN 1219089C CN 03100180 CN03100180 CN 03100180 CN 03100180 A CN03100180 A CN 03100180A CN 1219089 C CN1219089 C CN 1219089C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to high-strength light-weight foam aluminium composite material and a preparation method thereof. The present invention relates to light-weight foam aluminium composite material containing closed form micropores and a preparation process thereof. Foam aluminium containing closed micropores is formed by casting hollow bodies (8) inside aluminum material (7). The preparation method comprises the steps that (1) the hollow bodies are loaded into the mould cavity of a mould; (2) preheating is carried out: the mould provided with the hollow bodies is preheated to 450 DEG C to 550 DEG C, and the aluminum material is heated to melt; (3) the aluminum material is cast into the mould; (4) pressure impregnation is carried out: pressure is applied by a pressing machine to enable metallic liquid impregnate into the interstice between hollow bodies; (5) pressure maintaining and cooling are carried out: the pressure is maintained and cooling is carried out after the metallic liquid completely impregnate; (6) demoulding is carried out, and a porous casting ingot is taken out. The present invention solves the problems of low strength and large air holes of the existing foam aluminium material and difficult control, high production cost and strict alloy component requirement of the preparation method of the existing foam aluminium.
Description
Technical field: the present invention relates to a kind of light foam aluminum composite and preparation technology thereof who contains the dead front type micropore.
Background technology: contain empty alloy and also claim foamed metal or foaming metal, as foaming aluminium, foaming nickel, foam copper etc.Because this metal has the porous special construction, can realize that multifunction is in one, have that light specific gravity, damping shock absorption, energy absorption, noise reduction (comprise sound absorption, sound insulation, eliminate the noise) are heat insulation, heat radiation, electromagnetic shielding, characteristics such as do not burn, its civilian prospect and military prospect are very extensive.Foaming aluminium has caused the concern of countries in the world since being succeeded in developing by Japan the beginning of the eighties, advanced countries such as the U.S., Britain, Germany all drop into a large amount of funds and studied.Muscovite research is morning more, but early stage report is not arranged, and its state of the art is more advanced.The foaming alloy has two classes usually, one class is a through hole, one class is a closed pores, but the foamed metal preparation method of through engineering approaches at present mainly contains three major types, a kind of is powder metallurgic method: behind metal-salt and alloy mixed sintering, metal-salt is removed, obtained the foamed metal of through hole, this method complex process equipment, cost height; Another kind method is an air blast: be blown into rare gas element in the molten metal of special component, cool off opportune moment, obtains containing the shape of closed pore.This method can obtain continuous sheet material, but can't obtain big bulk material, and this technology is very harsh to the requirement of the viscosity of metal liquid, and the composition of alloy must accurately be adjusted, the cost height; Also having a kind of is foaming: have at fused and drop into the chemical gas generation agent in the metal of special component, cool off opportune moment after producing bubble, obtain the shape of closed pores, this method complex process, the difficult control of processing parameter, composition to alloy is strict, and pore opening is wayward, the cost height.On the other hand, the strength of materials of air blast and foaming is very low, pore big (be generally 2～5mm), inhomogeneous, working conditions is had certain restriction, be difficult to directly apply to carrying and damping environment.Therefore, research is applicable to that various alloys, low cost, high-intensity light porous alloy are the urgent needs of the national economic development.
Summary of the invention: the invention provides a kind of high-strength light foamed aluminium matrix material and manufacture method thereof, it has solved, and existing foamed aluminium material intensity is low, pore is big, and the difficult control of the preparation method of existing foamed aluminium, production cost height, the problem strict to alloy ingredient.Light foam aluminum composite of the present invention is to be cast with hollow body 8 and the foamed aluminium that contains closed porosity of formation in aluminum 7, and this hollow body 8 is hollow granulated glass sphere or the floating object of the flyash behind the coal combustion in water.The preparation method of light foam aluminum composite of the present invention is: pack hollow body within the die cavity of mould (1); (2) preheating: the mould and die preheating to 450 ℃ of hollow body～550 ℃ will be housed, and aluminum is heated to and dissolves; (3) aluminum is poured in the mould; (4) pressure impregnation: exert pressure by pressing machine, metal liquid is infiltrated up among the gap between the hollow body; (5) pressurize cooling: after metal liquid infiltrates fully, keep-up pressure and cool off; (6) the porous ingot casting is taken out in the demoulding.The size of used hollow body is not limit, and general diameter is best at 0.1～3mm, and the intracavity diameter of hollow body is best at 0.02～2mm.The Heating temperature of aluminum is at 700 ℃～750 ℃.Applied pressure is 30MPa～55MPa in the pressure impregnation process.The volume of hollow body of packing in the mould accounts for 40%～70% of dies cavity cumulative volume.Main method of the present invention is that hollow body is made precast body according to a certain percentage in metal die, under appropriate parameters, pour molten metal liquid into mould, drift pressurization by pressing machine, molten metal is penetrated among the granulated glass sphere gap, cooling immediately reaches the purpose that porous material prepares.Positively effect of the present invention be need not be common air blast, the reaction method of getting angry, but with the hollow emptying aperture of hollow body as foamed metal, in metal, add hollow body and obtain light porous matrix material, this material does not almost have selection to matrix alloy, can use industrial waste alumina, civilian aluminium scrap etc., therefore, can select different matrix alloies as required, porosity can reach 30%～60%, realize that height ratio is strong, damping shock absorption, sound insulation, energy absorption etc. are multi-functional, and cost is low, yield rate almost 100%.High-strength light foamed aluminium matrix material of the present invention has intensity height, low, the manageable advantage of pore opening of cost.
Description of drawings: Fig. 1 is the structural representation of high-strength light foamed aluminium matrix material of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is the structural representation of preparation method's mould therefor in the embodiment one.
Embodiment one: the high-strength light foamed aluminium matrix material of present embodiment is to be cast with hollow granulated glass sphere 8 (consulting Fig. 1) in aluminum 7.The used mould (consulting Fig. 2) of the preparation method of this foamed aluminium is made up of drift 1, mold 4, pressing machine table top 5, electric furnace 6.Dies cavity top is casting chamber 2, and the bottom is a die cavity 3.Its preparation process is: (1) granulated glass sphere filling: with mean diameter is the hollow glass bead of the 0.1mm mold cavity of packing into, and mold cavity volume is φ 80 * 60mm, the 115g that packs into, compacting.This moment, the precalculated volume rate was about 40%; (2) preheating.The mould that granulated glass sphere is housed is heated to 450 ℃ in electric furnace, matrix alloy adopts 6061 aluminium alloys, and aluminium alloy is heated to 750 ℃ in another electric furnace; (3) aluminum matrix alloy being poured into mould annotates within the chamber; (4) pressurization: exert pressure by pressing machine, this moment, pressure was about 45Mpa; (5) pressurize cooling: after metal liquid infiltrates fully; Keep-up pressure; (6) the ingot casting material is taken out in the naturally cooling demoulding.The performance test results: hydrometer method records porosity=38%, proportion=1.6g/cm
3Three-point bending strength 160Mpa under the as cast condition.
Embodiment two: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is, the preparation process of this foamed aluminium is: (1) granulated glass sphere filling: with mean diameter is the granulated glass sphere of the 0.2mm mold cavity of packing into, mold cavity volume is φ 85 * 60mm, 92g packs into, compacting, this moment, the precalculated volume rate was about 50%; (2) preheating.The mould that granulated glass sphere is housed is heated to 500 ℃ in electric furnace, matrix alloy adopts industrial waste alumina, and aluminium scrap is heated to 700 ℃ in another electric furnace; (3) aluminum matrix alloy being poured into mould annotates within the chamber; (4) pressurization: exert pressure by pressing machine, this moment, pressure was about 38Mpa; (5) pressurize cooling: metal liquid keep-ups pressure after infiltrating fully; Naturally cool to about 450 ℃; (6) the ingot casting material is taken out in the demoulding.The performance test results: proportion is about 1.4g/cm
3, porosity is about 50%, tensile strength 95Mpa.
Embodiment three: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is, the preparation process of this foamed aluminium is: (1) granulated glass sphere filling: with mean diameter is the granulated glass sphere of the 0.2mm mold cavity of packing into, mold cavity volume is φ 200 * 100mm, 1070g packs into, compacting, this moment, the precalculated volume rate was about 45%; (2) preheating.The mould that granulated glass sphere is housed is heated to 450 ℃ in electric furnace, matrix alloy adopts 7075 aluminium alloy scrap stock, is heated to 730 ℃ in another electric furnace, melts; (3) aluminum matrix alloy being poured into mould annotates within the chamber; (4) pressurization: exert pressure by pressing machine, this moment, pressure was about 50Mpa; (5) pressurize cooling: the 50Mpa that keep-ups pressure is constant, unloading when temperature is reduced to about 400 ℃; (6) the ingot casting material is taken out in the demoulding.The performance test results: proportion is about 1.6g/cm
3, porosity is about 40%, conventional ageing treatment back draft intensity 210Mpa.
Embodiment four: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is, the preparation process of this foamed aluminium is: (1) granulated glass sphere filling: with diameter be about 3mm and 1mm granulated glass sphere each 50% mix, the mold cavity of packing into, mold cavity volume are φ 200 * 100mm, the 1160g that packs into, compacting.(2) preheating.The mould that granulated glass sphere is housed is heated to 500 ℃ in electric furnace, matrix alloy adopts the regeneration aluminium scrap, is heated to 730 ℃ of thawings in another electric furnace; (3) aluminum matrix alloy being poured into mould annotates within the chamber; (4) pressurization: exert pressure by pressing machine, this moment, pressure was about 40Mpa; (5) pressurize cooling: the 40Mpa that keep-ups pressure is constant, unloading when temperature is reduced to about 500 ℃; (6) the ingot casting material is taken out in the demoulding.The performance test results: proportion is about 1.6g/cm
3, porosity is about 60%, as cast condition tensile strength 150Mpa.
Embodiment five: what present embodiment and embodiment one, two, three or four were different is to replace hollow granulated glass sphere with the floating object of the flyash behind the coal combustion in water.This floating object is a hollow structure, and outer shape is approximate spheroid, and major ingredient is SiO
2Al
2O
3This floating object can be obtained from the coal fire discharged flyash of fuel-burning power plant or boiler.The foamed aluminium matrix material that is obtained when void content three-point bending strength 50% time be 450MPa, density is about 1.7g/cm
3
Embodiment six: what present embodiment and embodiment one, two, three, four or five were different is, hollow glass bead or the flyash floating object in water need at first be used the hydrofluoric acid corrosion surface before the mould of packing into, make its roughening, the concentration of used hydrofluoric acid is 1%～3%, and etching time is 5～15 minutes.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of high-strength light foamed aluminium matrix material, it is characterized in that it is to be cast with hollow body (8) and the foamed aluminium that contains closed porosity of formation in aluminum (7), this hollow body (8) is hollow granulated glass sphere or the floating object of the flyash behind the coal combustion in water, the diameter of used hollow body (8) is at 0.1mm～3mm, and the intracavity diameter of hollow body (8) is at 0.02mm～2mm.
2, a kind of preparation method of high-strength light foamed aluminium matrix material is characterized in that (1) pack hollow body within the die cavity of mould into, and the diameter of used hollow body is at 0.1mm～3mm, and the intracavity diameter of hollow body is at 0.02mm～2mm; (2) preheating: the mould and die preheating to 450 ℃ of hollow body～550 ℃ will be housed, and aluminum is heated to and dissolves; (3) aluminum is poured in the mould; (4) pressure impregnation: exert pressure by pressing machine, metal liquid is infiltrated up among the gap between the hollow body; (5) pressurize cooling: after metal liquid infiltrates fully, keep-up pressure and cool off; (6) the porous ingot casting is taken out in the demoulding.
3, the preparation method of a kind of high-strength light foamed aluminium matrix material according to claim 2, the Heating temperature that it is characterized in that aluminum is at 700 ℃～750 ℃.
4, the preparation method of a kind of high-strength light foamed aluminium matrix material according to claim 2 is characterized in that applied pressure is 30MPa～55MPa in the pressure impregnation process.
5, the preparation method of a kind of high-strength light foamed aluminium matrix material according to claim 2, the volume of the hollow body that it is characterized in that packing in the mould accounts for 40%～70% of dies cavity cumulative volume.
6, the preparation method of a kind of high-strength light foamed aluminium matrix material according to claim 2 is characterized in that this hollow body is hollow granulated glass sphere or the floating object of the flyash behind the coal combustion in water.
7, the preparation method of a kind of high-strength light foamed aluminium matrix material according to claim 6 is characterized in that hollow body need at first use the hydrofluoric acid corrosion surface before the mould of packing into, makes its roughening.
8, the preparation method of a kind of high-strength light foamed aluminium matrix material according to claim 7, the concentration that it is characterized in that used hydrofluoric acid is 1%～3%, etching time is 5～15 minutes.
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| CN 03100180 CN1219089C (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2003-01-09 | High strength foam composite aluminum materials and preparation thereof |
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| CN 03100180 CN1219089C (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2003-01-09 | High strength foam composite aluminum materials and preparation thereof |
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| CN1219089C true CN1219089C (en) | 2005-09-14 |
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Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100341645C (en) * | 2005-12-26 | 2007-10-10 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Process for preparing foam composite material of magnesium alloy-pearlite |
| CN100341644C (en) * | 2005-12-26 | 2007-10-10 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Process for preparing composite material of high magnesium aluminium alloy-expanding ore |
| CN100410401C (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2008-08-13 | 太原科技大学 | Indenter of device for preparing foamed aluminium product |
| CN100418672C (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2008-09-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of aluminium-based porous composite material with micro confined hole |
| CN101624094B (en) * | 2009-08-16 | 2013-02-13 | 宋培荣 | Less weight material, micro-weight material, zero weight material and minus weight material and manufacture method thereof |
| CN101740020B (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2013-01-09 | 大连大学 | Open Al-Cu sound-absorbing material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102054796B (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2015-02-18 | 上海筛另丝电子科技有限公司 | Dry type automatic circulating radiator |
| CN102212722B (en) * | 2011-05-09 | 2012-07-04 | 河南理工大学 | Preparation method of particle-reinforced aluminum-base composite material |
| CN106670466B (en) * | 2017-01-21 | 2018-06-19 | 杨林 | A kind of preparation method of foamed aluminium |
| CN109207776B (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2021-02-26 | 古汉汽车零部件(常熟)有限公司 | Composite foam material preparation system and method |
| TR201817369A2 (en) | 2018-11-16 | 2020-06-22 | Ondokuz Mayis Ueniversitesi Rektoerluek | Multilayer hybrid and functional grade composite foam based on waste aluminum and its production method. |
| CN109396394B (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-12-01 | 成都洛的高新材料技术有限公司 | Composite floating body material and preparation process thereof |
| CN110303158A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-10-08 | 广西大学 | A kind of novel method for preparing foamed aluminium |
| CN112893811B (en) * | 2020-07-12 | 2022-07-08 | 中科天元(北京)科技发展有限公司 | Light heat-insulating sound-absorbing composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113024140B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2023-02-10 | 广东博智林机器人有限公司 | Composite material, and preparation method, modification method and application thereof |
| CN114231779B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-08-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of glass bead reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material |
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Effective date of registration: 20190802 Address after: 150000 Heilongjiang Province, Harbin City Economic Development Zone haping Road District Dalian road and Xingkai road junction Patentee after: Harbin University of Technology Robot Group Co., Ltd. Address before: 150001 letter box 433 of Harbin University of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province Patentee before: Harbin Institute of Technology |
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