CN113932957B - Intelligent stress brick sensor and structural stress monitoring method and system - Google Patents
Intelligent stress brick sensor and structural stress monitoring method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113932957B CN113932957B CN202111184330.7A CN202111184330A CN113932957B CN 113932957 B CN113932957 B CN 113932957B CN 202111184330 A CN202111184330 A CN 202111184330A CN 113932957 B CN113932957 B CN 113932957B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
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Abstract
The invention relates to an intelligent stress brick sensor and a structural stress monitoring method and system, which are used for monitoring structural stress in a compressed state; the intelligent stress brick main body is a glass block body with the front surface and the back surface parallel; the glass block body comprises at least one internal crack; applying initial stress on the periphery of the inner crack to generate an inner crack initial stress stripe inside the glass block body as a reference for subsequent monitoring change; the back of the glass block is galvanized or silver-plated to form a reflecting mirror surface, and the front is provided with a polarizing film; the inside of the glass block body is provided with an identification mark; the information related to the identification mark comprises parameter information of a corresponding intelligent stress brick sensor and corresponding engineering information; the stress brick sensor takes the shot optical stripes as a comparison target, and takes the optical stress stripe value of a two-dimensional plane where the internal crack diameter parallel to the polaroid in the three-dimensional numerical simulation is consistent with the structural model stress value of the comparison target as a monitoring value. The sensor can be used for monitoring concrete stress and monitoring prestress loss after long-time operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an intelligent stress brick sensor for a structure to be monitored in a compression state, and a structural stress monitoring method and system.
Background
The force is the fundamental driving factor of the deformation and the damage of the concrete and reinforced concrete structures, the magnitude of the force is slowly changed along with the time, and the long-term quantity becomes qualitative change, so that the disaster that the concrete structure collapses is caused. Therefore, stress monitoring of the structure is of great value. However, the problem of 'neck clamping' has not been broken through for a long time in the field of stress monitoring: firstly, "long-term monitoring and survival rate", resistance-type strain transducer, vibrating wire formula strain transducer, optical line sensor, no stressometer etc. are because sensor material, signal line, power etc. are bad easily under the long-term operation of decades on the tradition, and often lie in the inside unable restoration of concrete, cause the survival rate that grows along with time to be lower. Secondly, the traditional stress monitoring method mostly converts the strain into force information, the conversion level is influenced by other parameters of the concrete to reduce the precision, meanwhile, the strain is divided into stress strain and stress-free strain, the stress-free strain is measured through a stress-free barrel, and excessive equipment per se influences a local stress field to cause stress distortion. And thirdly, most of the traditional sensors are flexible sensors, and the deformation rigidity is far lower than that of concrete, so that stress concentration occurs at the whole sensor embedding position, and stress distortion is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel stress monitoring sensor, a method and a system for a structure to be monitored in a pressed state.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an intelligent stress brick sensor is used for monitoring the stress of a structure in a pressed state;
the intelligent stress brick main body is a glass block body with the front surface and the back surface parallel;
the glass block body comprises at least one internal crack therein; applying initial stress on the periphery of the inner crack to generate an inner crack initial stress optical stripe inside the glass block body as a reference for subsequent monitoring change;
the intelligent stress brick sensor comprises a glass block body and is characterized in that an identification mark is arranged inside the glass block body and used for identifying the identity of a stress brick, and associated information at least comprises parameter information of the corresponding intelligent stress brick sensor and corresponding engineering information;
the back of the glass block is plated with zinc or silver to form a reflecting mirror surface, and the front of the glass block is provided with a polarizing film;
the stress brick sensor takes the external lowest stress for causing the initial expansion of the internal crack as the measuring range value of the stress brick sensor, and takes the external lowest stress value for increasing the stress optical fringe series at the periphery of the internal crack by one series as the resolution ratio of the stress brick sensor;
the stress brick sensor takes stress optical stripes of the stress brick monitored in actual operation as a comparison target, and takes the optical stress optical stripes of a two-dimensional plane where the internal crack diameter parallel to the polaroid in three-dimensional numerical simulation is consistent with the structural model stress value of the comparison target as a stress monitoring value; and when calculating the stress value, calibrating the initial stress value by using the internal crack initial stress optical stripe.
In the above technical solution, the meaning of "inside" and "inside" is: completely disjoint from the surface, all located within the solid, and not accessible from any surface.
The other four surfaces of the glass block body can be in any shape as long as the plating layer surface and the polaroid attaching surface are parallel.
The size, angle and number of the inner cracks are specially designed and manufactured according to the requirements of projects on measuring range and precision. The concept of measuring range is specially used for the force value when the internal stress crack is expanded, and the precision of the stress brick is realized by the amplification effect of stress concentration at the internal crack by external force. The reason why the internal cracks are specially designed and manufactured according to requirements is that the stress concentration amplification effect of the internal cracks is particularly related to stress, sometimes tensile stress and sometimes compressive stress, and the designed internal crack parameters are different. Some projects require high measurement accuracy, and then the parameters of the internal crack need to be changed, such as to increase the size, so as to enhance the sensitivity of the internal crack to stress concentration caused by external force variation. The shape or position parameters of the internal cracks are changed, and the main purpose is to improve the stress testing precision of the stress bricks under different scenes or stress states.
The identification mark is equivalent to an identity card of the stress brick, preferably adopts a two-dimensional code, relevant data of the identification mark can be stored in a local place and/or a cloud, the identification mark comprises positioning mark matrix point arrangement information (including information such as relevant shooting focal length, angle and distance), stress brick sensor parameter information (such as stress brick sensor position, stress brick sensor size and internal crack size) and corresponding engineering information (such as engineering position and historical stress monitoring information), and when the stress brick is applied to stress monitoring of different scenes, unified management of the data is facilitated. With the identification mark, the live photo and the Internet have a connection medium. During stress calculation, stress brick parameter information can be called for calculation, calculation results of previous times are stored in corresponding database folders according to identification marks, for example, the folders can be established according to the identification marks, one identification mark corresponds to one folder, and related data of the same stress brick sensor are stored in one folder. The identification mark is preferably a two-dimensional code. Due to the existence of the identification mark such as the two-dimensional code, the mobile phone has an operation function on a networked mobile terminal such as a mobile phone, and automatically identifies the two-dimensional code to wake up a cloud server program and interact with the mobile phone.
The back surface is galvanized or silver-plated to form a reflecting mirror surface, and the adopted processes comprise silver mirror reaction, or electroplating process, or mirror finish spraying process and the like; after the reflector is formed on the back surface by adopting the process, the protection of the reflecting film must be carried out by spraying or painting or mortar. The way of pasting the finished mirror is not recommended, and the pasting glue has influence on the display of the stress optical stripes.
As a further improvement of the invention, the distance between two parallel surfaces of the glass block body is more than or equal to 2 cm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the glass block body is also provided with a positioning mark matrix point, and the positioning mark matrix point is arranged inside the glass block body;
the information related to the identification mark comprises stress brick identity, design parameters, manufacturing parameters, calculation parameter information, engineering information corresponding to the stress brick and position information of the stress brick in the structure;
the identification mark is a pattern formed by light-tight white spots made from nanometer to micron and focused in the glass block body by pulse laser, and the position of the identification mark is far away from the inner crack.
As a further improvement of the invention, the interior of the glass block body is also provided with a positioning mark matrix point;
the information associated with the identification mark further comprises positioning mark matrix point arrangement information;
the positioning mark matrix point inside the glass block body is a set of light-tight white points from nanometer to micron, which are made by focusing pulse laser to the inside of the glass block body, and the diameter of the light-tight white points is 0.2mm-1 mm; the location mark matrix points comprise at least 3 points and the positions cover 3 corners. When a single positioning matrix point is formed, a transparent crack expansion ring cannot appear, so that the influence on the internal stress of the glass brick is prevented.
The positioning mark matrix points can be used for positioning the focal length and the angle of the shooting device so as to eliminate habitual errors of taking pictures by individuals.
When the picture is collected, the terminal can automatically identify the identification mark in the picture, and the associated information is called from the local/cloud database, including calling the arrangement information of the matrix points of the positioning marks when shooting, and guiding the shooter to adjust the shooting position, so that the uniformity of the shot picture is ensured.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the inner crack is produced by:
s1, designing a layer of dot matrix in a plane parallel to the upper surface and the lower surface of the glass in the glass, and recording three-dimensional coordinates of the dot matrix; the scattered dot matrix is integrally distributed in a circular area or an elliptical area, the diameter is more than or equal to 6mm, the distance between the scattered dots in the horizontal direction is 0.01-0.1mm, the distance between the scattered dots in the vertical direction is 0, namely only one layer of scattered dots records the three-dimensional coordinates of each coordinate point of the dot matrix; the upper and lower surfaces are surfaces perpendicular to the plane of the polaroid;
s2, laser enters the glass through a focusing lens and is vertical to the upper surface or the lower surface, the laser is focused on the coordinate of a certain point in the dot matrix, and a damage point is generated after the energy of the focusing point exceeds a glass damage threshold; the laser moves horizontally, and focuses sequentially according to the coordinate point position of the design dot matrix until a damage point is generated; the focusing focal length of the pulse laser is less than or equal to 15cm, the voltage is 6-10v, and the current is 20-50A;
s3, without changing the matrix coordinate, the matrix point layer is required to be ensured to be repeatedly subjected to S2 times according to the lattice designed by S1, the number of layers is not changed, until a fracture surface consisting of a group of fracture points is formed in the lattice area, meanwhile, a circle of neat transparent crack expansion area connected with the fracture surface is formed at the outer edge of the fracture surface, and the fracture surface and the crack expansion area form the inner crack; the crack tips are smooth and continuous, namely the shape of the crack tips is continuous in a mathematical one-time derivative function without an infinite value or a jump discontinuous value;
the inner crack can refer to the prior patent CN107328625A of the applicant, and is further improved, a 3-10 layer fracture surface (a gap is formed between layers) is not manufactured, the same layer of fracture point is repeatedly focused for multiple times, a more flat and smooth inner crack can be obtained, and meanwhile, the technical scheme is different, and the scattering point parameter and the laser parameter are different.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a structural stress monitoring method based on the intelligent stress tile sensor, which includes:
placing the intelligent stress brick sensor in the vertical surface of the structure to be monitored, and exposing the surface provided with the polaroid, wherein the polaroid is flush with the surface of the structure to be monitored; providing light source light supplement for a surface to be shot;
shooting the intelligent stress brick by adopting a shooting device to obtain an image containing stress optical stripes and identification marks, and sending the image to an image processing module; the image processing module wakes up the server through the identification mark, acquires the information associated with the corresponding intelligent stress brick sensor from the database associated with the identification mark, and calculates the stress value based on the acquired data and the stress optical stripe on the image, including:
a. establishing three-dimensional numerical simulation models of the stress brick sensor and the peripheral structures to be monitored, applying a first external force to the intelligent stress brick sensor, carrying out internal stress calculation on the stress brick, and converting an internal stress value of the stress brick into a stress optical fringe value;
b. extracting a stress optical fringe result of a two-dimensional plane where the inner crack diameter parallel to the polaroid is located, and adjusting the first external force until the calculated stress optical fringe value is consistent with the initial stress optical fringe of the inner crack of the stress brick;
c. applying a second external force to the peripheral structure to be monitored, calculating the stress of the stress brick and the structure to be monitored, and converting the internal value of the stress brick into an optical stress fringe value;
d. extracting a stripe result of a two-dimensional plane where the inner crack diameter parallel to the polaroid is located, and comparing the result with a shot image; if the two are consistent, taking the stress result of the peripheral structure to be monitored, which is subjected to three-dimensional numerical simulation calculation, as the internal stress value of the structure to be monitored, which is monitored at this time; if not, adjusting the external force value in c, and repeating c-d until the two values are consistent.
As a further improvement of the invention, the method further comprises the steps of storing stress stripe images shot at all times and calculated stress values to a cloud server and/or a local server, acquiring historical monitoring information and current monitoring information of the intelligent stress brick from the cloud server and/or the local server, and automatically sending the historical monitoring information and the current monitoring information to the mobile terminal, wherein the corresponding relation between the information and the identity of the stress brick is completed through the association of identification marks.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a structural stress monitoring system based on the intelligent stress tile sensor, which includes:
the intelligent stress brick sensor;
the shooting device is used for shooting the intelligent stress brick sensor to obtain an image containing stress stripes and identification marks;
the image processing module comprises a stress calculation unit and an identity recognition unit, the identity recognition unit interacts with a local and/or cloud server based on a recognition mark to acquire associated information data of the intelligent stress brick sensor, and the stress calculation unit calculates a stress value of a stress stripe based on the image and the acquired associated information data;
the local and/or cloud server is used for storing the associated data information of the intelligent stress brick and performing data interaction with the mobile terminal through the internal identification mark;
and the mobile terminal performs data interaction with the local and/or cloud server.
Furthermore, the associated data of the identification mark also comprises historical stress value monitoring records of the corresponding intelligent stress brick sensor.
The invention designs a novel stress monitoring sensor and a method for a reinforced concrete structure in a compression or compression-shear state, which are used for measuring the stress of the structure to be monitored, such as concrete and the like. The new stress monitoring sensor is a glass containing defects and the defect must be a special defect, i.e. a clean internal crack. The optical stripe of the initial stress of the inner crack is generated around the inner crack by utilizing the applied initial stress, which means that the color stripe appears around the inner crack under the load of 0, the color stripe is used as a reference point for stress field monitoring, and the change of the color light intensity stripe is used as key information for stress monitoring. The invention utilizes the stress concentration principle of the internal cracks to achieve the precision of the stress brick sensor. Meanwhile, the precision and the measuring range of the stress brick sensor are controlled by the parameters of the internal cracks and the stress concentration principle.
Taking concrete as an example, because the rigidity of a glass material is far greater than that of the concrete, and critical information of stress monitoring is difficult to generate under the internal force of the concrete for a glass block without cracks, the invention designs and manufactures the internal cracks, the stress concentration amplification effect occurs at the periphery of the internal cracks, the slight change of the internal force of the concrete is converted into the obvious change of the initial stress stripe of the internal cracks, and then a stress double refraction stripe image with obvious stress concentration is generated at the internal cracks under light, and the stress double refraction stripe image is used as the critical information of the analysis of the internal force of the concrete. And comparing and analyzing the key information with the calculation result of the stripe of the two-dimensional surface where the diameter of the internal crack parallel to the plane of the polarizer is located by taking the initial stress stripe of the internal crack as a reference, and further calculating the stress of the concrete structure, wherein the calculation of the stripe adopts a three-dimensional model calculation, but adopts the result on the two-dimensional surface. The amplification effect of stress concentration can be further adjusted through different sizes and angles of the internal cracks or the interaction among multiple internal cracks, so that the measurement accuracy and the resolution of the stress brick are further improved or adjusted.
The invention breaks through the bottleneck problems of full life, direct type, non-contact, no power supply, no signal line, no need of professional equipment and intelligent stress monitoring of domestic and foreign concrete, and the designed sensor, method and system can be used for prestress monitoring of prestressed concrete and prestress loss monitoring after long-time operation.
Compared with the traditional sensor and the structural stress monitoring method, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the durability of the glass material exceeds 1000 years and far exceeds the service life of concrete, so that long-term monitoring can be realized and the long-term survival rate can be ensured.
2) Circuits which are easily damaged in engineering, such as a power supply, a lead and a signal wire, are not needed, so that the survival rate and the durability are further increased; this has also greatly strengthened the survival rate of stress brick sensor in the installation of pouring because concrete pouring often has destructive effect to the wire.
3) The traditional stress monitoring method is that strain is firstly measured and then converted into stress, and is not a direct stress detection method. Meanwhile, strain is classified into stress strain and non-stress strain. Stress should change the volume and easily survey, but no stress strain, need not have the stressmeter, no stressmeter needs bury the unstressed bucket in the concrete again, and this unstressed bucket itself can disturb concrete stress, leads to the result error. The invention is a direct measuring method and does not interfere with the concrete stress.
4) Traditional sensor is mostly flexible design, and stress brick sensor adopts the glass material, and the super concrete is far away to rigidity, can not appear stress concentration in installation department and cause the distortion, and stress transmission to stress brick sensor is a direct mode simultaneously, need not convert through meeting an emergency.
5) The stress brick sensor only needs a mobile phone app due to no need of a power supply and a circuit, does not need special acquisition equipment, and is lower in cost and more convenient to operate.
6) According to the invention, through the identification mark such as the two-dimensional code, the functions of identity identification of the stress brick, application of mobile APP of a mobile phone and automatic awakening, calling, interaction and guiding of a networking server are formed, so that the intelligent stress brick has intelligence and convenience.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the intelligent stress tile sensor shown in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a disassembled structure of the intelligent stress tile sensor in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is a physical representation of a 5 x 8cm glass block containing an internal crack.
Fig. 4 is a physical representation of a 5 x 5cm glass block containing an internal crack.
Fig. 5 is a pictorial view of a glass block containing internal cracks and identification marks (two-dimensional codes) and positioning matrix points.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the identification mark (two-dimensional code) of the glass block shown in fig. 5 inside the structure.
FIG. 7 is a finished intelligent stress tile with initial optical stress moire inside.
Fig. 8 shows a back mirror and protective paint of the product of fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a process of casting the stress riser product of fig. 7 in a concrete structure.
Fig. 10 is a photograph of the finished stress tile of fig. 7 poured into a concrete structure.
Fig. 11 is a photograph of an indoor test of the stress monitoring concrete of fig. 7 with the testing machine ballast load on top.
FIG. 12 is a stress optical moire pattern of the three-dimensional stress tile numerical model in a plane parallel to the internal crack diameter of the polarizer in the loading test of FIG. 11.
Fig. 13 shows a project tunnel 1 for water resource allocation in pearl delta in China: 1 physical model.
FIG. 14 is a three-dimensional numerical model of a project tunnel configured with bead-triangle water resources.
FIG. 15 is a diagram of the layout position of stress bricks on the cross section of a tunnel for a bead-triangle water resource allocation project.
FIG. 16 is a photograph of a stress tile applied to a bead gorge water resource allocation engineering tunnel pouring template.
FIG. 17 is a stress optical moire pattern of a three-dimensional numerical model and a profile of a stress brick in a bead-triangle water resource allocation engineering tunnel.
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a stress tile parallel to the plane of the internal crack diameter of the polarizer.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the following description and the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
Example 1
This embodiment describes the structure of the intelligent stress brick of the present invention.
The intelligent stress brick as shown in fig. 1-2 comprises a glass block 1 as a main body, wherein the front surface and the back surface are parallel, and the distance between the two parallel surfaces is not less than 2 cm. The back of the glass block 1 is galvanized to form a reflector 3, and a paint spraying protective layer 5 is arranged behind the galvanized part. A polaroid 4 is adhered to the surface of the glass block 1; the glass block 1 has at least one internal crack 2 inside it, and the matrix of location markers 6 and the identification mark 7 can be placed inside the glass block.
The information associated with the identification mark 2 comprises parameter information of the corresponding intelligent stress brick sensor and corresponding engineering information thereof.
The initial stress is applied to the glass block body 1, so that an internal crack initial stress stripe is generated in the glass block body 1 and is used as a reference for subsequent monitoring change.
Example 2
Fig. 3 and 4 are schematic structural diagrams of glass blocks with different shapes and containing internal cracks.
The manufacturing method of the inner crack comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a layer of dot matrix in a plane parallel to the upper surface and the lower surface of the glass in the glass, and recording three-dimensional coordinates of the dot matrix;
s2, laser enters the glass through a focusing lens, focuses on the coordinate of a certain point in the dot matrix, and generates a damage point after the energy of the focusing point exceeds a glass damage threshold; the laser moves horizontally, and focuses sequentially according to the coordinate point position of the design dot matrix until a damage point is generated;
and S3, repeating S2 until a fracture surface consisting of a group of fracture points is formed in the lattice area, and simultaneously, the outer edge of the fracture surface forms a circle of neat crack propagation zones connected with the fracture surface, wherein the fracture surface and the crack propagation zones form the inner crack.
The parameters of FIG. 3 are as follows: the glass block 5 x 8cm, the focus of the pulse laser is 10cm, the voltage is 8.3v, the current is 30A, the dot matrix diameter of the damage area is 1cm, the distance between discrete points in the horizontal direction is 0.08mm, the distance between discrete points in the vertical direction is 0, the number of times of repeating S2 is 20 times, and the diameter of the expansion ring is 3 cm.
The parameters of FIG. 4 are as follows: 5 × 5cm of glass block, 5cm of pulse laser focusing focal length, 8.3v of voltage, 30A of current, 1.2cm of lattice diameter of a damage area, 0.08mm of discrete points in the horizontal direction, 0 in the vertical direction, 25 times of repeating S2 and 3.6cm of diameter of an expansion ring.
Example 3
The stress tile body shown in fig. 5-8. As shown in fig. 5, the size of the glass block is 5 × 8cm, the internal crack is circular, the diameter of the scattered point lattice is 0.8cm, the distance between scattered points is 0.08mm, the repetition is 15 times, the diameter of the internal crack is 1.8cm, and the coordinates of the central point are (5, 2.5, 2.5), namely, the internal crack is located at the center of the glass body. Three mark points 3 are arranged in the glass body 1, are white points made by laser, have the diameter of 1mm, and are white opaque points observed by naked eyes.
As shown in fig. 6, the identification mark is a two-dimensional code, which is completely located inside the glass block body, and when the networked mobile terminal is used for shooting, the two-dimensional code automatically wakes up the networking and interacts with the program on the network server platform. Through two-dimensional code and cloud platform server, form the wisdom ability of stress brick.
As shown in fig. 7, a polarizing plate, a reflective layer, and a protective layer were fabricated on the basis of fig. 5 to form a stress tile in the complete sense. In fig. 7, four upper and lower arc-shaped stripes (original stripes like rainbow) of the inner crack are initial stress optical stripes.
As shown in fig. 8, is the inner paint surface protection layer on the back of the stress tile.
Example 4
This embodiment describes a method for monitoring structural stress using the intelligent stress tile sensor.
The method of the invention comprises the following steps:
the intelligent stress tile sensor shown in fig. 7 was poured into the concrete. The casting process is as shown in fig. 9, the stress brick is firstly pasted on the mould plate, then the concrete is cast, and then the mould plate is removed after the concrete is cured for 28 days. The finished product after removal of the mould plate is shown in figure 10. The casting process may be such that the polarizer is exposed and flush with the concrete surface, or the polarizer may be attached after casting, as shown in fig. 10. The inner bright color is a reflective film.
As shown in fig. 11, stress is applied to a concrete structure, and when the structure is stressed, a mobile phone APP and a camera are used for shooting an intelligent stress brick in the structure to obtain an image containing an internal crack stress optical stripe and a two-dimensional code;
calculating stress values based on the stress fringes on the image as follows:
due to the existence of the two-dimension code, the two-dimension code is automatically connected with a network server to wake up information and a calculation program, the server calls the identity of the stress brick associated with the two-dimension code, calls the mark point of the positioning matrix and the shooting requirement, and guides a photographer to carry out standardized shooting. After the picture is shot, acquiring parameter information of the intelligent stress brick sensor and corresponding engineering information from a network server database associated with the two-dimensional code, and calculating a stress value based on the acquired data and the stress stripe on the image, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
a. establishing three-dimensional numerical simulation of a stress brick sensor and a peripheral structure to be monitored, applying a first external force to the sensor, performing stress calculation on the stress brick, and converting a stress value into an optical stress fringe value;
b. extracting a stripe result of a two-dimensional plane where the inner crack diameter parallel to the polaroid is located, and adjusting the first external force until the calculated optical stress stripe value is consistent with the inner crack initial stress stripe; the calculated striations of the two-dimensional plane of the internal crack diameter are shown in fig. 13.
c. Applying a second external force to the peripheral structure to be monitored, calculating the stress of the stress brick and the structure to be monitored, and converting the stress value into an optical stress fringe value;
d. extracting a stripe result of a two-dimensional plane where the inner crack diameter parallel to the polaroid is located, and comparing the result with a shot image; if the two are consistent, taking the stress result of the peripheral structure to be monitored, which is subjected to three-dimensional numerical simulation calculation, as the internal stress value of the structure to be monitored, which is monitored at this time; if not, adjusting the external force value in c, and repeating c-d until the two values are consistent.
As an optimal mode, can be based on the historical stress value monitoring record unified storage of the wisdom stress brick that the identification mark will correspond to upload to high in the clouds, the historical monitoring information of this wisdom stress brick with high in the clouds storage feeds back to cell-phone APP with this time monitoring information simultaneously.
The shooting device can be a camera or a mobile phone, the mobile phone is more convenient to use, and image processing and cloud data interaction can be further performed. During shooting, three mark points on the front surface of the stress brick can be used for focusing.
Therefore, need professional collection analytical equipment unlike traditional sensor, this wisdom stress brick only need use cell-phone APP, just can accomplish stress monitoring work, and other work all realize on cloud platform server, have embodied wisdom.
Example 5
At present, the intelligent stress brick is applied to water resource allocation engineering of the bead delta in China and is used for monitoring the prestress application value of the concrete of the bead delta engineering and the prestress loss in the future along with long time. The prototype model is shown in fig. 13. The water resource allocation project of the Zhujiang Delta is one of the 172 major water conservation and water supply projects deployed by the State Council, the total length of a project water transmission line is 113.1 kilometers, the total planned investment is about 354 hundred million yuan, and the project is the water resource allocation project with the largest historical investment amount, the longest water transmission line and the widest water receiving area in Guangdong province.
The model three-dimensional model is shown in fig. 14, the stress brick is pasted with 3 sections, and the position of one section is shown in fig. 15. The smart stress tiles are glued to the steel form as shown in figure 16. And (3) a bead-triangle water resource allocation project, wherein the concrete prestress value is 9-14MPa, and the measuring range of the stress brick is adjusted to 20MPa through three-dimensional modeling calculation and test and the size of an inner crack. The section diagram of the stress brick three-dimensional numerical simulation modeling is shown in fig. 17, the left side of the stress brick is embedded into a concrete model, the right side of the stress brick is a stress optical fringe calculated value on a section of the stress brick which is theoretically parallel to the maximum diameter of an internal crack of a polaroid, an optical fringe image obtained by actual photographing is taken as a comparison target, and inverse calculation is carried out to obtain a stress value of a concrete structure, so that structural stress monitoring is realized.
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a stress tile parallel to the plane of the internal crack diameter of the polarizer.
Example 6
This embodiment describes a system structure for monitoring structural stress using the intelligent stress tile sensor.
The structural stress monitoring system shown in the embodiment comprises the intelligent stress brick sensor;
the shooting device is used for shooting the intelligent stress brick to obtain an image containing stress stripes and identification marks;
the image processing module comprises a stress calculation unit and an identity recognition unit; the stress calculation unit calculates a stress value of a stress stripe based on the image;
the identity recognition unit interacts with a local and/or cloud server based on the identification mark, obtains associated data information of the intelligent stress brick, and uniformly stores historical stress value monitoring records of the corresponding intelligent stress brick. The stress calculation unit calculates a stress value of the stress optical stripe based on the image and the acquired associated information data.
The local and/or cloud server is used for storing the associated data information of the intelligent stress brick sensor and performing data interaction with the mobile terminal;
and the mobile terminal performs data interaction with the local and/or cloud server.
In this embodiment, the shooting device and the image processing module can be inherited on the mobile terminal, for example, after a photo is shot by using a mobile phone camera, a stress value and a two-dimensional code are calculated by using prestored mobile phone software, and data interaction is performed with a cloud.
Claims (10)
1. An intelligent stress brick sensor is characterized by being used for stress monitoring of a structure in a compressed state;
the intelligent stress brick main body is a glass block body with the front surface and the back surface parallel;
the glass block body comprises at least one internal crack therein; applying initial stress on the periphery of the inner crack to generate an inner crack initial stress optical stripe inside the glass block body as a reference for subsequent internal stress and stress optical stripe change;
the intelligent stress brick sensor comprises a glass block body and is characterized in that an identification mark is arranged inside the glass block body and used for identifying the identity of a stress brick, and associated information at least comprises parameter information of the corresponding intelligent stress brick sensor and corresponding engineering information;
the back of the glass block is plated with zinc or silver to form a reflecting mirror surface, and the front of the glass block is provided with a polarizing film;
the stress brick sensor takes the external lowest stress for causing the initial expansion of the internal crack as the measuring range value of the stress brick sensor, and takes the external lowest stress value for increasing the stress optical fringe series at the periphery of the internal crack by one series as the resolution ratio of the stress brick sensor;
the stress brick sensor takes stress optical stripes of the stress brick monitored in actual operation as a comparison target, and takes the optical stress optical stripes of a two-dimensional plane where the diameters of the internal cracks parallel to the polaroid in three-dimensional numerical simulation are consistent with the structural model stress value of the comparison target as a stress monitoring value; and when calculating the stress value, calibrating the initial stress value by using the internal crack initial stress optical stripe.
2. The intelligent stress tile sensor of claim 1, wherein the distance between two parallel surfaces of the glass block is greater than or equal to 2 cm.
3. The intelligent stress tile sensor of claim 1, wherein the information associated with the identification mark comprises stress tile identity, design parameters, manufacturing parameters, calculation parameter information, engineering information corresponding to the stress tile, and location information of the stress tile in the structure;
the identification mark is a pattern formed by light-tight white spots made from nanometer to micron and focused in the glass block body by pulse laser, and the position of the identification mark is far away from the inner crack.
4. The intelligent stress tile sensor of claim 1, wherein the glass block further comprises a matrix of location markers;
the information associated with the identification mark further comprises positioning mark matrix point arrangement information;
the positioning mark matrix point inside the glass block body is a set of light-tight white points from nanometer to micron, which are made by focusing pulse laser to the inside of the glass block body, and the diameter of the light-tight white points is 0.2mm-1 mm; the positioning mark matrix points comprise at least 3 points, and the positions cover 3 corners; when a single positioning mark matrix point is formed, a transparent crack expansion ring cannot appear, so that the influence on the internal stress of the glass brick is prevented.
5. The intelligent stress tile sensor of claim 1, wherein the internal crack is made in a manner that:
s1, designing a layer of scattered dot matrix in a plane parallel to the upper surface and the lower surface of glass in the glass, wherein the scattered dot matrix is integrally distributed in a circular area or an oval area, the diameter of the scattered dot matrix is more than or equal to 6mm, the distance between scattered dots and scattered dots in the horizontal direction is 0.01-0.1mm, the distance between scattered dots and scattered dots in the vertical direction is 0, and only one layer of scattered dots records the three-dimensional coordinates of each coordinate point of the dot matrix; the upper and lower surfaces are surfaces perpendicular to the plane of the polaroid;
s2, laser enters the glass through a focusing lens and is vertical to the upper surface or the lower surface, the laser is focused on the coordinate of a certain point in the dot matrix, and a damage point is generated after the energy of the focusing point exceeds a glass damage threshold; the laser moves horizontally, and focuses sequentially according to the coordinate point position of the design dot matrix until a damage point is generated; the focusing focal length of the pulse laser is less than or equal to 15cm, the voltage is 6-10v, and the current is 20-50A;
s3, repeating S2 for multiple times according to the lattice designed in S1 until a circle of neat and flat crack expansion area connected with the fracture surface is formed at the designed lattice and the outer edge, wherein the crack is a perfect circle or an ellipse with a smooth and continuous tip, and the fracture surface and the crack expansion area form the inner crack; the crack tip is smooth and continuous, namely the shape of the tip is continuous in a mathematical first derivative function, and no infinite value or jump discontinuous value is generated.
6. The smart stress tile sensor according to claim 1, wherein the reflective mirror is coated with a protective layer of paint or abrasive slurry.
7. A method of structural stress monitoring, comprising:
placing the intelligent stress tile sensor of any one of claims 1-6 in a vertical surface of a structure to be monitored, exposing a surface provided with a polarizer, wherein the polarizer is flush with the surface of the structure to be monitored; providing light source light supplement for a surface to be shot;
shooting the intelligent stress brick by adopting a shooting device to obtain an image containing stress optical stripes and identification marks, and sending the image to an image processing module; the image processing module wakes up the server through the identification mark, acquires the information associated with the corresponding intelligent stress brick sensor from the database associated with the identification mark, and calculates the stress value based on the acquired data and the stress optical stripe on the image, including:
a. establishing three-dimensional numerical simulation models of the stress brick sensor and the peripheral structures to be monitored, applying a first external force to the intelligent stress brick sensor, carrying out internal stress calculation on the stress brick, and converting an internal stress value of the stress brick into a stress optical fringe value;
b. extracting a stress optical fringe result of a two-dimensional plane where the inner crack diameter parallel to the polaroid is located, and adjusting the first external force until the calculated stress optical fringe value is consistent with the initial stress optical fringe of the inner crack of the stress brick;
c. applying a second external force to the peripheral structure to be monitored, calculating the stress of the stress brick and the structure to be monitored, and converting the internal stress value of the stress brick into an optical stress fringe value;
d. extracting a stripe result of a two-dimensional plane where the inner crack diameter of the polaroid is parallel to, and comparing the result with a shot image; if the two are consistent, taking the stress result of the peripheral structure to be monitored, which is subjected to three-dimensional numerical simulation calculation, as the internal stress value of the structure to be monitored, which is monitored at this time; if not, adjusting the external force value in c, and repeating c-d until the two values are consistent.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: the stress optical stripe images shot at all times and the calculated stress values are stored in a cloud server and/or a local server, historical monitoring information and current monitoring information of the intelligent stress brick are obtained from the cloud server and/or the local server and are automatically sent to a mobile terminal, and the corresponding relation between the information and the identity of the stress brick is completed through identification mark association.
9. A structural stress monitoring system, comprising:
the smart stress tile sensor of any one of claims 1 to 6;
the shooting device is used for shooting the intelligent stress brick sensor to obtain an image containing stress optical stripes and identification marks;
the image processing module comprises a stress calculation unit and an identity recognition unit, the identity recognition unit interacts with a local and/or cloud server based on a recognition mark to acquire associated information data of the intelligent stress brick sensor, and the stress calculation unit calculates a stress value of the stress optical stripe based on the image and the acquired associated information data;
and the local and/or cloud server is used for storing the associated data information of the intelligent stress brick and performing data interaction with the mobile terminal through the internal identification mark.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the data associated with the signature further comprises historical stress value monitoring records for the corresponding smart stress tile sensor.
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