CN107324787A - 一种渗碳沉积制备高强度硅基陶瓷型芯的方法 - Google Patents

一种渗碳沉积制备高强度硅基陶瓷型芯的方法 Download PDF

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CN107324787A
CN107324787A CN201710559202.3A CN201710559202A CN107324787A CN 107324787 A CN107324787 A CN 107324787A CN 201710559202 A CN201710559202 A CN 201710559202A CN 107324787 A CN107324787 A CN 107324787A
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张家俊
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种渗碳沉积制备高强度硅基陶瓷型芯的方法,该方法通过在硅基陶瓷型芯表面预喷涂一层金属氧化物溶胶,然后在后续的烧结过程中采用碳源气体作为碳源,在高温烧结过程中将渗入坯体的氧化物溶胶中的元素与碳、氮等元素发生化学反应,并通过改变烧结氛围和烧结温度,最后获得了具有致密内部结构和高强度、高稳定性的碳化物及氮化物外层增韧补强的优良陶瓷型芯,其在浇注过程中表现出优异的使用性能,铸件精度更高。本发明采用由松香、硅油以及聚异戊二烯复配的体系作为增塑剂,较之传统的石蜡等增塑剂粘结度更高,坯体更抗裂,且后续更易脱蜡,可再次回收利用。

Description

一种渗碳沉积制备高强度硅基陶瓷型芯的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷型芯技术领域,尤其涉及一种渗碳沉积制备高强度硅基陶瓷型芯的方法。
背景技术
陶瓷型芯是熔模铸造工艺中普遍使用的一种型芯,作为形成铸件空腔的转接体,其作用是形成铸件的内腔结构,与外型模及模壳共同保证铸件对空腔的尺寸精度要求,常用于形成形状复杂或不易成形的铸件的型腔。现阶段使用较多的型芯主要有硅基陶瓷型芯和铝基陶瓷型芯,尤其以硅基陶瓷型芯使用较多。硅基陶瓷型芯以石英玻璃作为基体材料,添加氧化铝、莫来石、锆英砂等作为强化相,依靠控制方石英的含量来保证型芯的性能。
硅基陶瓷型芯用来形成复杂铸件的内腔形状,在铸造浇注和凝固过程中,由于高温合金和型芯之间复杂的相互作用,型芯不但需要承受金属液带来的压力作用,型芯的表面还会受到金属液的冲击作用,这就对型芯的高温强度、抗蠕变性能以及尺寸稳定性等一系列性能提出了更高的要求。要获得尺寸精度高、机械性能优良的复杂结构铸件,就必须在保证型芯的尺寸稳定性和脱芯性能的同时进一步提高精铸陶芯的强度和韧性。目前研究者多采用高强度、高弹性的纤维与基体复合该系,目前应用较多的有氧化铝纤维、碳化硅、氮化硅系列纤维以及碳纤维等几类,这些材料有的在高温下容易发生相变,与基体相容性差;有的价格昂贵,不利用推广使用;而有的则高温抗氧化性差,稳定性差。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种渗碳沉积制备高强度硅基陶瓷型芯的方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种渗碳沉积制备高强度硅基陶瓷型芯的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制浆:按90-95%石英玻璃粉、2-8%锆英粉、2-3%方石英粉的重量比配料,投入混料机中混料,混料20-30min后混料机升温至115-135℃,加入融化态的20-30%砂料重量的增塑剂,继续搅拌混料1-2h后完成制浆;
(2)制坯:将步骤(1)制备的浆料进行压注成型,使其形成硅基陶瓷型芯的坯体,然后在坯体表面均匀喷涂有机氧化物溶胶,喷涂完毕后放料2-5h;
(3)烧结:将步骤(2)制得的坯体放置在烧结专用的匣钵里,并用低钠高温氧化铝粉覆盖,然后将装有坯体的匣钵放入高温炉中,依次进行低温脱蜡和高温焙烧后出料,经冷却、表面清理后即得。
所述步骤(1)中增塑剂的配比为60-80%松香、10-15%液态聚异戊二烯、5-30%硅油。
所述步骤(2)中压注机的压力为1.5-3.5MPa,成型温度为120-135℃。
所述步骤(2)中的有机氧化物溶胶为氧化锆溶胶、氧化铬溶胶、氧化硼溶胶中的一种或两种,其固含量范围为20-45%。
所述步骤(3)中低温脱蜡是将坯体温度升至200-235℃,升温速度控制在30-45min内,然后恒温3-5h,清理坯体,完成脱蜡。
所述步骤(3)中高温焙烧是将脱蜡后的坯体升温至415-465℃,升温速度控制在40-60min内,焙烧氛围为保护气体Ar2,焙烧时间为1-2h,然后保持同样的升温速率升温至580-650℃,焙烧氛围为载气H2、碳源气体CO,焙烧时间为1-1.5h,接着再以同样的升温速率升温至1350-1550℃,焙烧氛围为载体N2,碳源气体CO,焙烧时间为3-5h。
本发明通过在硅基陶瓷型芯表面预喷涂一层金属氧化物溶胶,然后在后续的烧结过程中采用碳源气体作为碳源,在高温烧结过程中将渗入坯体的氧化物溶胶中的元素与碳、氮等元素发生化学反应,并通过改变烧结氛围和烧结温度,最后获得了具有致密内部结构和高强度、高稳定性的碳化物及氮化物外层增韧补强的优良陶瓷型芯,其在浇注过程中表现出优异的使用性能,铸件精度更高。本发明采用由松香、硅油以及聚异戊二烯复配的体系作为增塑剂,较之传统的石蜡等增塑剂粘结度更高,坯体更抗裂,且后续更易脱蜡,可再次回收利用。
具体实施方式
一种渗碳沉积制备高强度硅基陶瓷型芯的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制浆:按90%石英玻璃粉、8%锆英粉、2%方石英粉的重量比配料,投入混料机中混料,混料20min后混料机升温至115℃,加入融化态的20%砂料重量的增塑剂,继续搅拌混料1h后完成制浆;
(2)制坯:将步骤(1)制备的浆料进行压注成型,使其形成硅基陶瓷型芯的坯体,然后在坯体表面均匀喷涂固含量为20%的氧化锆有机溶胶,喷涂完毕后放料2h;
(3)烧结:将步骤(2)制得的坯体放置在烧结专用的匣钵里,并用低钠高温氧化铝粉覆盖,然后将装有坯体的匣钵放入高温炉中,依次进行低温脱蜡和高温焙烧后出料,经冷却、表面清理后即得。
步骤(1)中增塑剂的配比为60%松香、10%液态聚异戊二烯、30%硅油。
步骤(2)中压注机的压力为1.5MPa,成型温度为120℃。
步骤(3)中低温脱蜡是将坯体温度升至200℃,升温速度控制在30min内,然后恒温3h,清理坯体,完成脱蜡。
所步骤(3)中高温焙烧是将脱蜡后的坯体升温至415℃,升温速度控制在40min内,焙烧氛围为保护气体Ar2,焙烧时间为1h,然后保持同样的升温速率升温至580℃,焙烧氛围为载气H2、碳源气体CO,焙烧时间为1h,接着再以同样的升温速率升温至1350℃,焙烧氛围为载体N2,碳源气体CO,焙烧时间为3h。

Claims (6)

1.一种渗碳沉积制备高强度硅基陶瓷型芯的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)制浆:按90-95%石英玻璃粉、2-8%锆英粉、2-3%方石英粉的重量比配料,投入混料机中混料,混料20-30min后混料机升温至115-135℃,加入融化态的20-30%砂料重量的增塑剂,继续搅拌混料1-2h后完成制浆;
(2)制坯:将步骤(1)制备的浆料进行压注成型,使其形成硅基陶瓷型芯的坯体,然后在坯体表面均匀喷涂有机氧化物溶胶,喷涂完毕后放料2-5h;
(3)烧结:将步骤(2)制得的坯体放置在烧结专用的匣钵里,并用低钠高温氧化铝粉覆盖,然后将装有坯体的匣钵放入高温炉中,依次进行低温脱蜡和高温焙烧后出料,经冷却、表面清理后即得。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种渗碳沉积制备高强度硅基陶瓷型芯的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中增塑剂的配比为60-80%松香、10-15%液态聚异戊二烯、5-30%硅油。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种渗碳沉积制备高强度硅基陶瓷型芯的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中压注机的压力为1.5-3.5MPa,成型温度为120-135℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种渗碳沉积制备高强度硅基陶瓷型芯的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中的有机氧化物溶胶为氧化锆溶胶、氧化铬溶胶、氧化硼溶胶中的一种或两种,其固含量范围为20-45%。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种渗碳沉积制备高强度硅基陶瓷型芯的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中低温脱蜡是将坯体温度升至200-235℃,升温速度控制在30-45min内,然后恒温3-5h,清理坯体,完成脱蜡。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种渗碳沉积制备高强度硅基陶瓷型芯的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中高温焙烧是将脱蜡后的坯体升温至415-465℃,升温速度控制在40-60min内,焙烧氛围为保护气体Ar2,焙烧时间为1-2h,然后保持同样的升温速率升温至580-650℃,焙烧氛围为载气H2、碳源气体CO,焙烧时间为1-1.5h,接着再以同样的升温速率升温至1350-1550℃,焙烧氛围为载体N2,碳源气体CO,焙烧时间为3-5h。
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