CN107320581A - 一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂及其用途 - Google Patents
一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107320581A CN107320581A CN201710596352.1A CN201710596352A CN107320581A CN 107320581 A CN107320581 A CN 107320581A CN 201710596352 A CN201710596352 A CN 201710596352A CN 107320581 A CN107320581 A CN 107320581A
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- brachymystax lenok
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂及其用途，添加剂的成分及其重量份为：荠菜16‑20份、板蓝根15‑18份、熟地13‑18份、紫花地丁15‑20份、马鞭草10‑13份、野菊花8‑12份、甘草10‑13份、千里光8‑13份、木贼3‑6份、水翁花5‑8份。有益效果为：本发明添加剂是良好的“绿色”药物添加剂，能完全降解；能够杀死细菌性肠炎的病原体，达到预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的目的，同时能刺激细鳞鱼的免疫系统，提高细鳞鱼的免疫力；混合该添加剂的饲料不需要再添加其他抗生物药物，减少细鳞鱼体内抗生素的堆积，符合现代人对食品的需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产品饲料添加剂加工技术领域，特别是涉及一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂及其用途。
背景技术
细鳞鱼，又名细鳞鲑、秦岭细鳞鲑，属鲑形目、鲑科、细鳞鱼属，是产于我国的大型名贵冷水性珍稀鱼类，在中国淡水鱼类区系分类中属北方山地类群，分布于东北部的图们江、鸭绿江、松花江流域，向西经辽河、滦河、秦岭直至额尔齐斯河流域。细鳞鱼的营养价值极高，能够有效的防止血栓，加快伤口的愈合，对于高血栓、高血脂、高血糖的老年人，尤其适合食用细鳞鱼。近年来由于人工繁殖和用配合饲料对其驯化的成功，细鳞鱼人工养殖产量逐年增加。然而在细鳞鱼养殖过程中会出现一种鱼类的常见病——细菌性肠炎。当水质环境恶化、溶氧降低、投喂变质的饲料以及投饵不定时、不定量等原因影响时，鱼体的抵抗力下降，都会引起细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的发生，因此，细菌性肠炎在整个养殖过程中都有可能发生。细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎具体表现为肠道内充血，肛门红肿，粪便发白且长直，严重时肠内无食有黄色粘液状物体。由于细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎病发生的特殊性，在养殖的过程中此病并不作为主要病害加以防控，通常要等到病情比较严重、病症较明显，影响到细鳞鱼的摄食及生长时，才使用杀菌消炎药物直接进行治疗，但治疗效果都不是很明显。因此，有必要提供一种能够提高提升细鳞鱼免疫力、预防细菌性肠炎的饲料添加剂，从而避免在细鳞鱼养殖过程中由于细菌性肠炎的发生造成的经济损失。
现有技术如授权公告号为CN 103300224 B的中国发明专利，公开了一种防治梭鱼肠炎病的饲料添加剂，该饲料添加剂的成分及其重量份为：鲜车前草5.0-8.0份、鲜铁马鞭5.0-8.0份、鲜樟树叶5.0-8.0份、鲜菖蒲15.0-20.0份、地锦草3.0-5.0份、干辣蓼3.0-5.0份、马齿苋10.0-15.0份、大蒜头5.0-8.0份、凤尾草1.0-2.0份、铁马鞭1.0-2.0份、食盐5.0-8.0份、载体58.0-79.0份。添加本粉料添加剂后能够提高梭鱼的免疫与抗氧化能力，提高应激，增强抗病能力，适用本饲料添加剂的饲料不需要添加抗生物药物，所生产的鱼产品为无公害绿色环保食品。但是该饲料添加剂只是把原料进行简单的的混合和粉碎，未能把各原料的有效成分释放出来，对于肠炎的药效不明显，在预防鱼类肠炎的效果方面还具有一定的提升空间。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种含有中草药活性成分浓度高，提高中草药的利用价值，能够预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎，提高细鳞鱼的免疫力的中草药饲料添加剂及其用途。
本发明针对上述技术中提到的问题，采取的技术方案为：一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂，成分及其重量份为：荠菜16-20份、板蓝根15-18份、熟地13-18份、紫花地丁15-20份、马鞭草10-13份、野菊花8-12份、甘草10-13份、千里光8-13份、木贼3-6份、水翁花5-8份。上述添加剂成分来源于对人和动物健康有益无害的天然植物，属于可再生资源，是良好的“绿色”药物添加剂；能够杀死细菌性肠炎的病原体，达到预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的目的，同时能够明显刺激细鳞鱼的免疫系统，在一定程度上提高细鳞鱼的免疫力。
一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，制备方法具体包括以下步骤：
原料准备：按配方量取荠菜、板蓝根、熟地、紫花地丁、马鞭草、野菊花、甘草、千里光、木贼、水翁花，烘干，粉碎至60-80目，即得中草药粉料，备用，合适粒径能增加中草药粉与水的接触面积，能够提高浸提速率，缩短浸提时间，降低能耗，节约加工成本；
超临界提取：向中草药粉料中以料液比为1:4-6加浓度为80-90%的乙醇溶液，再加入中草药粉料重量的0.003-0.005%的活性多肽，混合均匀，在萃取压力为25-35MPa、温度为40-50℃、CO2流量8-12ks/h的条件下提取30-40min，即得中草药提取液，上述活性多肽的氨基序列为HSHACKLCVCVAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK，该活性多肽可作用于中草药的细胞膜，在膜上形成跨膜的离子通道，破坏了细胞膜的完整性，使细胞内的有效药物成分快速释放出来，大大提高提取物的提取速率和纯度，且不影响提取物的活性，同时由于超临界流体提取是利用流体在超临界状态时特有的溶解力和穿透力，对中草药活性成分进行提取的过程，具有高度扩散性和良好的溶解性，能防止中草药中各种组分分散和氧化，具高效性、无溶剂残留、高质量、低毒性、高速性及高产率等优点，由于操作过程中是减压分离有效成分，安全性高，并且对易挥发的中草药成分破坏小；
后处理：将中草药浸提液用体积比为1:1.2-1.5的稻壳粉吸附，干燥，粉粹过筛，即得预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂，该添加剂能诱导细鳞鱼肠道中的未感染细胞产生细胞因子，在感染细胞中更能增强和延长细胞因子的表达，具有抗细菌、抗病毒、抗炎、利湿和收敛止血的作用，能够增强细鳞鱼对细菌性肠炎的抗病能力，达到预防细菌性肠炎的目的。
一种预防淡水鲑鱼肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂的用途，将中草药添加剂直接与鱼饲料混合后喂食，饲料添加剂在细鳞鱼饲料中的添加量为0.3-0.4%，该饲料具有清热解毒、杀菌抗菌的作用，能够消灭引起细菌性肠炎的有害细菌，起到预防细菌性肠炎的作用，且该添加剂还能增强细鳞鱼的免疫力，混合该添加剂的饲料不需要再添加其他抗生物药物，减少细鳞鱼体内抗生素的堆积，所饲养的细鳞鱼为无公害绿色环保食品，符合现代人对食品的需求。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：1）添加剂成分来源于对人和动物健康有益无害的天然植物，属于可再生资源，是良好的“绿色”药物添加剂，能完全降解，对环境无任何不良影响；2）能够杀死细菌性肠炎的病原体，达到预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的目的，同时能够明显刺激细鳞鱼的免疫系统，在一定程度上提高细鳞鱼的免疫力；3）混合该添加剂的饲料不需要再添加其他抗生物药物，减少细鳞鱼体内抗生素的堆积，所饲养的细鳞鱼为无公害绿色环保食品，符合现代人对食品的需求。
具体实施例
下面通过实施例对本发明方案作进一步说明：
实施例1：
一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂，成分及其重量份为：荠菜18份、板蓝根16份、熟地15份、紫花地丁17份、马鞭草11份、野菊花10份、甘草11份、千里光10份、木贼5份、水翁花7份。
一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，制备方法具体包括以下步骤：
1）原料准备：按配方量取荠菜、板蓝根、熟地、紫花地丁、马鞭草、野菊花、甘草、千里光、木贼、水翁花，在50℃烘干，经机械粉碎至70目，即得中草药粉料，备用，合适粒径能增加中草药粉与水的接触面积，能够提高浸提速率，缩短浸提时间，降低能耗，节约加工成本；
2）超临界提取：向中草药粉料中以料液比为1:5加浓度为85%的乙醇溶液，再加入中草药粉料重量的0.004%的活性多肽，混合均匀，在萃取压力为30MPa、温度为45℃、CO2流量10ks/h的条件下提取35min，即得中草药提取液，上述活性多肽的氨基序列为HSHACKLCVCVAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK，该活性多肽可作用于中草药的细胞膜，在膜上形成跨膜的离子通道，破坏了细胞膜的完整性，使细胞内的有效药物成分快速释放出来，大大提高提取物的提取速率和纯度，且不影响提取物的活性，同时由于超临界流体提取是利用流体在超临界状态时特有的溶解力和穿透力，对中草药活性成分进行提取的过程，具有高度扩散性和良好的溶解性，能防止中草药中各种组分分散和氧化，具高效性、无溶剂残留、高质量、低毒性、高速性及高产率等优点，由于操作过程中是减压分离有效成分，安全性高，并且对易挥发的中草药成分破坏小；
3）后处理：将中草药浸提液用体积比为1:1.3的稻壳粉吸附，50℃的条件下干燥至水分为6%，经机械粉粹过60目筛，即得预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂，该添加剂能诱导细鳞鱼肠道中的未感染细胞产生细胞因子，在感染细胞中更能增强和延长细胞因子的表达，具有抗细菌、抗病毒、抗炎、利湿和收敛止血的作用，能够增强细鳞鱼对细菌性肠炎的抗病能力，达到预防细菌性肠炎的目的。
一种预防淡水鲑鱼肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂的用途，将中草药添加剂直接与鱼饲料混合后喂食，饲料添加剂在细鳞鱼饲料中的添加量为0.35%，该饲料具有清热解毒、杀菌抗菌的作用，能够消灭引起细菌性肠炎的有害细菌，起到预防细菌性肠炎的作用，且该添加剂还能增强细鳞鱼的免疫力，混合该添加剂的饲料不需要再添加其他抗生物药物，减少细鳞鱼体内抗生素的堆积，所饲养的细鳞鱼为无公害绿色环保食品，符合现代人对食品的需求。
实施例2：
一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂，成分及其重量份为：荠菜17份、板蓝根16份、熟地17份、紫花地丁16份、马鞭草13份、野菊花9份、甘草13份、千里光8份、木贼5份、水翁花5份。
一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
1）按配方量取荠菜、板蓝根、熟地、紫花地丁、马鞭草、野菊花、甘草、千里光、木贼、水翁花，烘干，粉碎至60目，即得中草药粉料，备用，合适粒径能增加中草药粉与水的接触面积，能够提高浸提速率，缩短浸提时间，降低能耗，节约加工成本；
2）向中草药粉料中以料液比为1:6加浓度为80%的乙醇溶液，再加入中草药粉料重量的0.005%的活性多肽，混合均匀，在萃取压力为30MPa、温度为40℃、CO2流量11ks/h的条件下提取30min，即得中草药提取液，上述活性多肽的氨基序列为HSHACKLCVCVAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK，该活性多肽可作用于中草药的细胞膜，在膜上形成跨膜的离子通道，破坏了细胞膜的完整性，使细胞内的有效药物成分快速释放出来，大大提高提取物的提取速率和纯度，且不影响提取物的活性，同时由于超临界流体提取是利用流体在超临界状态时特有的溶解力和穿透力，对中草药活性成分进行提取的过程，具有高度扩散性和良好的溶解性，能防止中草药中各种组分分散和氧化，具高效性、无溶剂残留、高质量、低毒性、高速性及高产率等优点，由于操作过程中是减压分离有效成分，安全性高，并且对易挥发的中草药成分破坏小；
3）将中草药浸提液用体积比为1:1.2的稻壳粉吸附，干燥，粉粹过筛，即得预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂，该添加剂能诱导细鳞鱼肠道中的未感染细胞产生细胞因子，在感染细胞中更能增强和延长细胞因子的表达，具有抗细菌、抗病毒、抗炎、利湿和收敛止血的作用，能够增强细鳞鱼对细菌性肠炎的抗病能力，达到预防细菌性肠炎的目的。
一种预防淡水鲑鱼肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂的用途，将中草药添加剂直接与鱼饲料混合后喂食，饲料添加剂在细鳞鱼饲料中的添加量为0.3%，该饲料具有清热解毒、杀菌抗菌的作用，能够消灭引起细菌性肠炎的有害细菌，起到预防细菌性肠炎的作用，且该添加剂还能增强细鳞鱼的免疫力，混合该添加剂的饲料不需要再添加其他抗生物药物，减少细鳞鱼体内抗生素的堆积，所饲养的细鳞鱼为无公害绿色环保食品，符合现代人对食品的需求。
实施例3：
一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂，成分及其重量份为：荠菜20份、板蓝根16份、熟地17份、紫花地丁16份、马鞭草13份、野菊花9份、甘草13份、千里光9份、木贼6份、水翁花7份。
一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，具体步骤为：按配方量取各配料，烘干，粉碎至80目，即得中草药粉料；向中草药粉料中以料液比为1:6加浓度为90%的乙醇溶液，再加入中草药粉料重量的0.005%的活性多肽，混合均匀，在萃取压力为25MPa、温度为50℃、CO2流量8ks/h的条件下提取40min，即得中草药提取液；将中草药浸提液用体积比为1:1.5的稻壳粉吸附，干燥，粉粹过筛，即得预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂。
一种预防淡水鲑鱼肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂的用途，将中草药添加剂直接与鱼饲料混合后喂食，饲料添加剂在细鳞鱼饲料中的添加量为0.4%。
本发明的操作步骤中的常规操作为本领域技术人员所熟知，在此不进行赘述。
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明，应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充或类似方式替代等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 通化师范学院
<120> 一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂及其用途
<130> 1
<160> 1
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
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<212> PRT
<213> 人工合成
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Claims (9)
1.一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂，其特征在于：所述添加剂的成分及其重量份为：荠菜16-20份、板蓝根15-18份、熟地13-18份、紫花地丁15-20份、马鞭草10-13份、野菊花8-12份、甘草10-13份、千里光8-13份、木贼3-6份、水翁花5-8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂，其特征在于：所述添加剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1）原料准备：按配方量取荠菜、板蓝根、熟地、紫花地丁、马鞭草、野菊花、甘草、千里光、木贼、水翁花，烘干，粉碎，即得中草药粉料；
2）超临界提取：向中草药粉料中加入乙醇溶液和活性多肽，混合均匀，CO2超临界提取，即得中草药提取液；
3）后处理：将中草药浸提液用稻壳粉吸附，然后干燥，粉粹过筛，即得预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤2中活性多肽的添加量为中草药粉料重量的0.003-0.005%，其氨基序列为HSHACKLCVCVAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤2中中草药粉料与乙醇的料液比为1:4-6。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤2中乙醇溶液的浓度为80-90%。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤2中超临界的萃取压力为25-35MPa，温度为40-50℃，CO2流量为8-12ks/h。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤2中超临界提取时间为30-40min。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤3中中草药浸提液与稻壳粉的体积比为1:1.2-1.5。
9.一种预防细鳞鱼细菌性肠炎的中草药饲料添加剂的用途，其特征在于：所述用途为：将中草药添加剂直接与鱼饲料混合后喂食，饲料添加剂在细鳞鱼饲料中的添加量为0.3-0.4%。
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| CN110622893A (zh) * | 2019-11-05 | 2019-12-31 | 河北省海洋与水产科学研究院(河北省海洋渔业生态环境监测站) | 一种防止水霉病爆发的细鳞鲑卵孵化方法 |
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| CN110622893A (zh) * | 2019-11-05 | 2019-12-31 | 河北省海洋与水产科学研究院(河北省海洋渔业生态环境监测站) | 一种防止水霉病爆发的细鳞鲑卵孵化方法 |
| CN110622893B (zh) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-11-30 | 河北省海洋与水产科学研究院(河北省海洋渔业生态环境监测站) | 一种防止水霉病爆发的细鳞鲑卵孵化方法 |
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