CN107410764A - 一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂及其用途 - Google Patents
一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107410764A CN107410764A CN201710595418.5A CN201710595418A CN107410764A CN 107410764 A CN107410764 A CN 107410764A CN 201710595418 A CN201710595418 A CN 201710595418A CN 107410764 A CN107410764 A CN 107410764A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂及其用途,添加剂的成分及其重量份为:老枪谷叶9‑13份、苦楝皮30‑35份、蜈蚣萍10‑13份、白花蛇舌草8‑13份、白头翁7‑12份、野菊3‑5份、葶苈子2‑4份、莱菔子1‑3份。有益效果为:本发明添加剂具有抗菌、解毒和杀虫的作用,能够有效预防细菌和病毒性疾病的发生,具有驱杀鱼类身上、鳃上寄生小瓜虫成体、幼体的功能,提高金鳟的机体免疫力,且该添加剂属于纯天然物质,长期使用不宜出现抗药性及药物残留等问题;本发明的制备方法能够快速破坏中草药细胞壁和细胞膜,使细胞内有效的药物成分充分暴露出来。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产品饲料添加剂加工技术领域,特别是涉及一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂及其用途。
背景技术
金鳟,鲑形目鲑科太平洋鲑属,属冷水性鱼类,肉味鲜美,营养丰富,刺少肉多,食用价值高,是集观赏、游钓、美食于一体的优良品种。在金鳟养殖过程中会出现一种鱼类的常见病——小瓜虫病。小瓜虫病常发生在高密度养殖的幼鱼。病鱼体表、鳃上有很多白点、粘液增多,故又叫白点病。目前的防止手段主要采用药物治疗,但随之而来的药残问题使得养殖企业叫苦不迭。因此,有必要提供一种能够提高提升金鳟免疫力、预防小瓜虫病的饲料添加剂,从而避免在金鳟养殖过程中由于小瓜虫病的发生造成的经济损失。中草药作为一种天然的抗生素替代品已经越来越受到关注,渔业生产实践也证明,中草药作为混饲剂或饲料添加剂在提高水产动物生产性能和饲料效率的同时,又能充分保证人体的健康,兼有药性和营养性的双重作用,是传统的化学合成饲料添加剂不可比拟的,尤其适用于当前水产养殖业的集约化、规模化生产的需要。因此,以中草药替代抗生素的添加剂将越来越受到人们的关注,它的应用前景也会更加广泛。但当前中药饲料添加剂的研究水平较低,制作工艺简单粗糙,产品科技含量较低,质量不够稳定,诸如此类问题严重制约着中药饲料添加的推广应用。目前,国内外还没有公开任何关于具有提高金鳟免疫力、预防小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂及其应用的相关报道。
现有技术如授权公告号为CN 101698092 B的中国发明专利,公开了防治小瓜虫病的中药,其组分重量份数配比为干姜 3-5、辣椒7-15、麸皮80-90,将干姜、辣椒干燥粉碎后按比例与麸皮混合均匀,将上述中药组分与黄土按一定比例混合制成带孔长方体药砖备用。该添加剂无毒无副作用,对鱼、泥鳅、黄鳝等的小瓜虫病具有很好的疗效,但是该添加剂不能添加到饲料中当做饵料供金鳟食用,预防效果不太好。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有驱杀鱼类身上、鳃上寄生小瓜虫成体、幼体的功能,能够预防金鳟小瓜虫病,长期使用不宜出现抗药性及药物残留等问题的中草药饲料添加剂及其用途。
本发明针对上述技术中提到的问题,采取的技术方案为:一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂,成分及其重量份为:老枪谷叶9-13份、苦楝皮30-35份、蜈蚣萍10-13份、白花蛇舌草8-13份、白头翁7-12份、野菊3-5份、葶苈子2-4份、莱菔子1-3份。上述添加剂具有抗菌、解毒和杀虫的作用,能够有效预防细菌和病毒性疾病的发生,具有驱杀鱼类身上、鳃上寄生小瓜虫成体、幼体的功能,并且能够缓解金鳟的应激反应,提高金鳟的机体免疫力,且该添加剂属于纯天然物质,长期使用不宜出现抗药性及药物残留等问题。
一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法,制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
初粉碎:将老枪谷叶、苦楝皮、蜈蚣萍、白花蛇舌草、白头翁、野菊、葶苈子、莱菔子,分别经粉碎机初步粉碎至50-100目的粗颗粒,备用,经过初粉碎能够为超微粉碎提供一定细度的原料,使超微粉碎更加容易进行,提高超微粉碎的工作效率,减少助剂的用量,节约生产能耗和成本;
超微粉碎:按配方量取各原料粗颗粒,以料液比为1:3-5加水,然后再加入活性多肽和酶,活性多肽的添加量为原料粗颗粒重量的0.008-0.01%,酶的添加量为原料粗颗粒重量的1-2%,调节pH为6-7,在超微粉碎机中粉碎20-30min,控制粉碎温度为20-30℃,喷雾干燥即得中草药饲料添加剂,该步骤能够破坏中草药细胞壁和细胞膜,使细胞内有效的药物成分充分暴露出来,提高了药物的生物利用率、减少中药的用量,中草药的有效成分在金鳟肠道内能够迅速有效的释放,金鳟胃肠道能够有效的吸收利用,提高药效,并且在一定程度上改善了颗粒的均匀性,使中草药饲料添加剂更容易均匀分散在饲料中。
优选的,超微粉碎中活性多肽的氨基酸序列为HSHCVNCFCCGAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK,该活性多肽的作用于中草药粗颗粒的细胞膜,在膜上形成跨膜的离子通道,破坏了细胞膜的完整性,使细胞内的有效药物成分快速释放出来,大大提高超微粉碎的破壁率,且不影响有效成分的活性。
优选的,超微粉碎中酶为纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶的混合物,其质量比为1:0.5-0.8:1-2,植物细胞的细胞壁主要成分是纤维素和果胶,利用纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶处理中草药,可破坏植物的细胞壁,改变细胞壁的通透性,提高中药有效成分的溶出率,降低有效成分的破坏率。
一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的用途:按金鳟重量的0.03-0.05%加入饲料中投喂,该饲料具有驱杀金鳟身上、鳃上寄生小瓜虫成体、幼体的功能,利用药剂渗透、迅速触杀作用,杀死鱼类寄生的感染性幼虫,刺激成虫脱落,降低鱼类被幼虫感染和成虫破坏宿主组织的风险,达到预防金鳟小瓜虫病的目的,添加剂的加入能有效地促进饲料营养物质在金鳟肠道内的消化利用,提高金鳟自身的免疫能力。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
1.本发明的中草药饲料添加剂具有抗菌、解毒和杀虫的作用,能够有效预防细菌和病毒性疾病的发生,具有驱杀鱼类身上、鳃上寄生小瓜虫成体、幼体的功能,并且能够缓解金鳟的应激反应,提高金鳟的机体免疫力,且该添加剂属于纯天然物质,长期使用不宜出现抗药性及药物残留等问题。
2.本发明结合酶、活性多肽和超微粉碎,能够破坏中草药细胞壁和细胞膜,使细胞内有效的药物成分充分暴露出来,提高了药物的生物利用率、减少中药的用量,且中草药的有效成分在金鳟肠道内能够迅速有效的释放,金鳟胃肠道能够有效的吸收利用,提高药效。
3.添加本发明添加剂的饲料能杀死鱼类寄生的感染性幼虫,刺激成虫脱落,降低鱼类被幼虫感染和成虫破坏宿主组织的风险,达到预防金鳟小瓜虫病的目的,添加剂的加入能有效地促进饲料营养物质在金鳟肠道内的消化利用,提高金鳟自身的免疫能力。
具体实施例
下面通过实施例对本发明方案作进一步说明:
实施例1:
一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂,成分及其重量份为:老枪谷叶11份、苦楝皮33份、蜈蚣萍11份、白花蛇舌草10份、白头翁9份、野菊4份、葶苈子3份、莱菔子2份。
一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法,制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
1)初粉碎:将老枪谷叶、苦楝皮、蜈蚣萍、白花蛇舌草、白头翁、野菊、葶苈子、莱菔子,分别经粉碎机初步粉碎至50-100目的粗颗粒,备用,经过初粉碎能够为超微粉碎提供一定细度的原料,使超微粉碎更加容易进行,提高超微粉碎的工作效率,减少助剂的用量,节约生产能耗和成本;
2)超微粉碎:按配方量取各原料粗颗粒,以料液比为1:4加水,然后再加入活性多肽和酶,活性多肽的添加量为原料粗颗粒重量的0.009%,酶的添加量为原料粗颗粒重量的1.5%,调节pH为6.5,在超微粉碎机中粉碎25min,控制粉碎温度为20-30℃,喷雾干燥即得中草药饲料添加剂,该步骤能够破坏中草药细胞壁和细胞膜,使细胞内有效的药物成分充分暴露出来,提高了药物的生物利用率、减少中药的用量,中草药的有效成分在金鳟肠道内能够迅速有效的释放,金鳟胃肠道能够有效的吸收利用,提高药效,并且在一定程度上改善了颗粒的均匀性,使中草药饲料添加剂更容易均匀分散在饲料中。
上述超微粉碎中活性多肽的氨基酸序列为HSHCVNCFCCGAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK,该活性多肽的作用于中草药粗颗粒的细胞膜,在膜上形成跨膜的离子通道,破坏了细胞膜的完整性,使细胞内的有效药物成分快速释放出来,大大提高超微粉碎的破壁率,且不影响有效成分的活性。
上述超微粉碎中酶为纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶的混合物,其质量比为1:0.7:1.5,植物细胞的细胞壁主要成分是纤维素和果胶,利用纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶处理中草药,可破坏植物的细胞壁,改变细胞壁的通透性,提高中药有效成分的溶出率,降低有效成分的破坏率。
一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的用途:按金鳟重量的0.04%加入饲料中投喂,该饲料具有驱杀金鳟身上、鳃上寄生小瓜虫成体、幼体的功能,利用药剂渗透、迅速触杀作用,杀死鱼类寄生的感染性幼虫,刺激成虫脱落,降低鱼类被幼虫感染和成虫破坏宿主组织的风险,达到预防金鳟小瓜虫病的目的,添加剂的加入能有效地促进饲料营养物质在金鳟肠道内的消化利用,提高金鳟自身的免疫能力。
实施例2:
一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂,成分及其重量份为:老枪谷叶13份、苦楝皮30份、蜈蚣萍13份、白花蛇舌草8份、白头翁12份、野菊3份、葶苈子4份、莱菔子1份。
一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法,步骤为:将老枪谷叶、苦楝皮、蜈蚣萍、白花蛇舌草、白头翁、野菊、葶苈子、莱菔子,分别经粉碎机初步粉碎至50-100目的粗颗粒;然后按配方量取各原料粗颗粒,以料液比为1:3加水,然后再加入活性多肽和酶,活性多肽的添加量为原料粗颗粒重量的0.008%,酶的添加量为原料粗颗粒重量的2%,调节pH为6,在超微粉碎机中粉碎20min,控制粉碎温度为20-30℃,喷雾干燥即得中草药饲料添加剂,该步骤能够破坏中草药细胞壁和细胞膜,使细胞内有效的药物成分充分暴露出来,提高了药物的生物利用率、减少中药的用量,中草药的有效成分在金鳟肠道内能够迅速有效的释放,金鳟胃肠道能够有效的吸收利用,提高药效,并且在一定程度上改善了颗粒的均匀性,使中草药饲料添加剂更容易均匀分散在饲料中。
上述超微粉碎中活性多肽的氨基酸序列为HSHCVNCFCCGAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK,该活性多肽的作用于中草药粗颗粒的细胞膜,在膜上形成跨膜的离子通道,破坏了细胞膜的完整性,使细胞内的有效药物成分快速释放出来,大大提高超微粉碎的破壁率,且不影响有效成分的活性。
上述超微粉碎中酶为纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶的混合物,其质量比为1:0.8:1,植物细胞的细胞壁主要成分是纤维素和果胶,利用纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶处理中草药,可破坏植物的细胞壁,改变细胞壁的通透性,提高中药有效成分的溶出率,降低有效成分的破坏率。
一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的用途:按金鳟重量的0.03%加入饲料中投喂,该饲料具有驱杀金鳟身上、鳃上寄生小瓜虫成体、幼体的功能,利用药剂渗透、迅速触杀作用,杀死鱼类寄生的感染性幼虫,刺激成虫脱落,降低鱼类被幼虫感染和成虫破坏宿主组织的风险,达到预防金鳟小瓜虫病的目的,添加剂的加入能有效地促进饲料营养物质在金鳟肠道内的消化利用,提高金鳟自身的免疫能力。
实施例3:
一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂,成分及其重量份为:老枪谷叶9份、苦楝皮35份、蜈蚣萍10份、白花蛇舌草8份、白头翁7份、野菊3份、葶苈子4份、莱菔子2份。
一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法,步骤为:将配料分别经粉碎机初步粉碎至50-100目的粗颗粒;然后按配方量取各原料粗颗粒,以料液比为1:5加水,然后再加入活性多肽和酶,活性多肽的添加量为原料粗颗粒重量的0.01%,酶的添加量为原料粗颗粒重量的1%,为纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶的混合物,其质量比为1:0.5:2,调节pH为7,在超微粉碎机中粉碎30min,控制粉碎温度为20-30℃,喷雾干燥即得中草药饲料添加剂。
一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的用途:按金鳟重量的0.05%加入饲料中投喂。
本发明的操作步骤中的常规操作为本领域技术人员所熟知,在此不进行赘述。
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明,应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充或类似方式替代等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 通化师范学院
<120> 一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂及其用途
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Claims (10)
1.一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂,其特征在于:所述的添加剂的成分及其重量份为:老枪谷叶9-13份、苦楝皮30-35份、蜈蚣萍10-13份、白花蛇舌草8-13份、白头翁7-12份、野菊3-5份、葶苈子2-4份、莱菔子1-3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂,其特征在于:所述的添加剂的制备方法为:按配方量取各原料粗颗粒,加水,然后再加入活性多肽和酶,调节pH,在超微粉碎机中粉碎,喷雾干燥即得中草药饲料添加剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的原料粗颗粒与水的料液比为1:3-5。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的活性多肽的添加量为原料粗颗粒重量的0.008-0.01%,其氨基酸序列为HSHCVNCFCCGAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的酶的添加量为原料粗颗粒重量的1-2%。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的酶为纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶的混合物,其质量比为1:0.5-0.8:1-2。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的pH为6-7。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的超微粉碎时间为20-30min。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的粉碎温度为20-30℃。
10.一种预防金鳟小瓜虫病的中草药饲料添加剂的用途,其特征在于:所述的用途为:按金鳟重量的0.03-0.05%加入饲料中投喂。
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