CN107319271B - Irradiation degradation method of aquatic product antibiotics - Google Patents
Irradiation degradation method of aquatic product antibiotics Download PDFInfo
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- CN107319271B CN107319271B CN201710700719.XA CN201710700719A CN107319271B CN 107319271 B CN107319271 B CN 107319271B CN 201710700719 A CN201710700719 A CN 201710700719A CN 107319271 B CN107319271 B CN 107319271B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
- A23L5/36—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation using irradiation with frequencies of more than 10 MHz
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/40—Shell-fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of irradiation, and particularly relates to an irradiation degradation method of aquatic product antibiotics, which comprises the steps of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation treatment and periodic forward and reverse current treatment. The invention combines periodic forward and reverse current treatment on the basis of irradiation treatment, on one hand, the residual quantity of the chloramphenicol can be reduced to 0.1 mug/kg with lower irradiation absorbed dose, and the chloramphenicol is thoroughly reduced to a third-level product; on the other hand, the aquatic products after irradiation treatment can not generate yellowing phenomenon, and the quality of the aquatic products is not affected, so that the remarkable progress is made.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of irradiation, and particularly relates to an irradiation degradation method of aquatic product antibiotics.
Background
The clenbuterol event, the malachite green event, the turbot event and the hairy crab carcinogenic event occur frequently in the food safety event caused by the veterinary drug residue problem every year, and bring adverse effects on social stability, the physical health of people and international trade. Although powerful monitoring measures adopted by the government of China at present play a great positive role in controlling veterinary drug residues in animal food, the problem that the veterinary drug residues in agricultural products exceed the standard is difficult to solve from the source in a short time.
Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug and is commonly used for disease control of meat animals and aquatic products, but long-term consumption of food containing Chloramphenicol can generate great toxic and side effects on human bodies. Therefore, the problem of chloramphenicol residues has caused a high level of attention in international organizations and in many countries and regions of the world, and the requirements for detection limits in developed countries have become more and more stringent. The original 10 mug/kg of the European Union is changed into 1 mug/kg, and then the content is reduced to 0.1 mug/kg, which is 100 times higher than the original standard requirement; the detection limit specified by FDA (food and Drug administration) in the United states is also changed from 5 μ g/kg to 1 μ g/kg, and is about to decrease to 0.3 μ g/kg. Therefore, residual chloramphenicol amounts have become a focus of concern in the international trade of meat and aquatic products.
Although chloramphenicol residues in meat and aquatic products have been a focus of problems, effective measures for solving the problems are lacking. The food irradiation technology utilizes the physical effect, chemical effect and biological effect generated by the action of ionizing radiation rays such as gamma rays, X rays, electron beams and the like and substances to effectively degrade the residual quantity of chloramphenicol in animal food. When honey products such as Wuling and the like are irradiated by cobalt-60 gamma rays, when the concentration of chloramphenicol is about 50 mug/kg, the chloramphenicol can be reduced to below 0.1 mug/kg after the radiation of 8-10 kGy dosage, and the quality of the products can still meet the requirements.
The irradiation technology can effectively reduce the residual quantity of chloramphenicol in meat animals and aquatic products, and has the advantages of simple operation, easy operation and suitability for large-scale processing. However, there are also some drawbacks: firstly, the irradiation dose needs to be maintained at a higher level (8-10 kGy) to effectively degrade residual chloramphenicol in meat animals and aquatic products, so that the energy consumption is high and the cost is high; second, high doses of radiation tend to cause degradation of meat and aquatic products.
Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, a new irradiation method is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aquatic product antibiotic irradiation degradation method, which adopts low-dose radiation combined with periodic forward and reverse current treatment, can completely degrade chloramphenicol in aquatic products into three-level products with low radiation absorption dose, does not have the yellowing problem of the irradiated aquatic products, and has no influence on the quality of the aquatic products because of the low-dose irradiation treatment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an aquatic product antibiotic irradiation degradation method comprises the following steps:
A) cobalt-60 gamma irradiation treatment: performing irradiation treatment on the originally packaged aquatic product by using cobalt-60 gamma rays, wherein the irradiation absorption dose is 0.5-2 kGy, and the irradiation absorption dose uniformity is 1.2-1.4;
B) periodic forward and reverse current processing: placing the aquatic product subjected to irradiation treatment in a normal-pressure forward direct current electric field for treatment for 15-40 s, and then placing the aquatic product in a normal-pressure reverse direct current electric field for treatment for 5-12 s, wherein the current densities of normal-pressure forward current and normal-pressure reverse current are 100-150A/m2。
Further, the radiation absorbed dose in the step A) is preferably 1 kGy.
Further, the uniformity of the irradiation absorbed dose in the step A) is 1.2.
Further, in the step B), the mixture is preferably placed in a normal-pressure forward direct current electric field for 20-30 s, and then placed in a normal-pressure reverse direct current electric field for treatment for 6-10 s.
Further, in the step B), the substrate is preferably placed in a normal-pressure forward direct current electric field for 23s, and then placed in a normal-pressure reverse direct current electric field for treatment for 8 s.
Further, the current density of the normal-pressure forward direct current and the normal-pressure reverse direct current in the step B) is 120A/m2。
Further, the step a) is performed at normal temperature.
Further, the antibiotic is chloramphenicol.
When the irradiation treatment is singly adopted, the irradiation absorption dose is required to be more than 7kGy so as to reduce the residual quantity of chloramphenicol in shrimp meat to be less than 0.1 mu g/kg, and the irradiation absorption dose lower than 7kGy cannot meet the international standard requirement. However, the quality inspection result of the shrimp meat after irradiation treatment shows that the meat of the shrimp meat is yellow after irradiation absorption dose treatment of < 7kGy, and the content of volatile basic nitrogen is not obviously increased; when the irradiation absorbed dose reaches 8kGy, the color of the shrimp meat is not changed, but the content of volatile basic nitrogen in the shrimp meat is obviously increased from 22.3 to 28.4mg/100 mg. This indicates that the residual amount of chloramphenicol in the shrimp meat can be significantly reduced by irradiation treatment of the shrimp meat with high irradiation dose (> 8kGy), but the residual amount of chloramphenicol in the shrimp meat can be reduced; while the freshness of the shrimp meat cannot be reduced by irradiation with the irradiation dose lower than 8kGy, chloramphenicol in the shrimp meat cannot be effectively degraded, and the shrimp meat is easy to turn yellow.
Aiming at the problems that chloramphenicol cannot be completely degraded due to low radiation absorption dose and aquatic product quality is easily reduced due to high radiation absorption dose, the inventor finds that the problems can be effectively solved by periodic forward and reverse current treatment at a later stage. After the irradiation treatment is combined with periodic forward and reverse current treatment, the irradiation absorption dose is controlled within the range of 0.5-2 kGy, namely the residual quantity of chloramphenicol can be reduced to be below 0.1 mug/kg, the irradiated shrimp meat has no yellowing phenomenon, and the quality of the shrimp meat has no obvious change compared with that before the treatment because of the use of lower irradiation absorption dose.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention combines periodic forward and reverse current treatment on the basis of irradiation treatment, on one hand, the residual quantity of the chloramphenicol can be reduced to 0.1 mug/kg with lower irradiation absorbed dose, and the chloramphenicol is thoroughly reduced to a third-level product; on the other hand, the aquatic products after irradiation treatment can not generate yellowing phenomenon, and the quality of the aquatic products is not affected, so that the remarkable progress is made.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. It should not be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples.
Example one irradiation degradation method of aquatic product antibiotics
A) Cobalt-60 gamma irradiation treatment: performing irradiation treatment on the originally packaged aquatic product by using cobalt-60 gamma rays at normal temperature, wherein the irradiation absorption dose is 1kGy, and the irradiation absorption dose uniformity is 1.2;
B) periodic forward and reverse current processing: placing the aquatic product subjected to irradiation treatment in a normal-pressure forward direct current electric field for treatment for 23s, and then placing the aquatic product in a normal-pressure reverse direct current electric field for treatment for 8s, wherein the densities of normal-pressure forward current and normal-pressure reverse current are 120A/m2。
Example II irradiation degradation method of aquatic product antibiotics
The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the irradiation absorption dose of the step A) is 2kGy, and the irradiation uniformity is 1.4; and B) placing the obtained product in a normal-pressure forward direct current electric field for 30s, and placing the obtained product in a normal-pressure reverse direct current electric field for treatment for 10s, wherein the rest parameters are as in the first embodiment.
EXAMPLE III method for degrading aquatic product antibiotics by irradiation
The difference between the third embodiment and the first embodiment is that the absorbed radiation dose in the step A) is 0.5kGy, and the radiation uniformity is 1.2; and B) placing the obtained product in a normal-pressure forward direct current electric field for 20s, and placing the obtained product in a normal-pressure reverse direct current electric field for treatment for 6s, wherein the rest parameters are as in the first embodiment.
Test example I, Effect of chloramphenicol degradation rate and product quality in prawns with different radiation absorption doses
And comparing the influence of the degradation rate of chloramphenicol in the prawns subjected to the independent irradiation treatment, and investigating the influence of the degradation rate of chloramphenicol in the prawns with different irradiation doses and the product quality during the independent irradiation treatment.
1.1 test methods: 2kg of river shrimps are cultured in 40kg of a chloromycetin aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/kg, air is continuously supplied underwater by an oxygenation pump, the live shrimps with similar sizes are taken out after 12 hours of breeding, the chloromycetin on the surfaces of the shrimps is removed by washing for 3 times, the shrimps are heated until the shells turn red, the shrimp kernels are peeled off, the mixture is uniformly stirred, samples are taken by diagonal lines, each bag is 250g, and 10 bags are processed by adopting different irradiation doses. During treatment, the packing box with the single-layer shrimp meat is quickly put into the treatment chamber, when the packing box is close to the field of the irradiation source, the packing box is decelerated to the speed required by absorbed dose, and the packing box is quickly taken out of the chamber after treatment, so that the sample is treated at normal temperature.
After treatment, measuring chloramphenicol in the shrimp meat by using a gas chromatograph with electron capture according to a detection method of chloramphenicol residues in meat and meat products with SN0341-95 outlets, wherein the measurement results are shown in Table 1; the quality of shrimp meat and volatile basic nitrogen were measured according to the method specified in GB/T5009.44, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 influence of chloramphenicol degradation Rate in Penaeus vannamei with different radiation absorption dose
TABLE 2 Effect of different radiation absorbed dose on prawn quality
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, when the irradiation treatment is singly used, the irradiation absorbed dose of 7kGy or 8kGy can degrade residual chloramphenicol in shrimp meat to 0.1 microgram/kg or less, the degradation rate reaches more than 95%, and the degradation effect is obvious; and the irradiation absorbed dose treatment below 7kGy can not meet the international standard requirements. From the quality inspection result of the shrimp meat after the irradiation treatment, it can be seen that the shrimp meat is yellowish after the irradiation dose of less than 7kGy, the irradiation dose is inferred to be lower, most of chloramphenicol degradation only stays at the first-order stage, the first-order degradation product can cause the shrimp meat to be yellowish, when the irradiation dose reaches 8kGy, the color of the shrimp meat is not obviously changed, and meanwhile, when the irradiation dose reaches 8kGy, the content of volatile basic nitrogen in the shrimp meat is obviously increased, from 14.4 to 18.5mg/100g, and is less than 8kGy, the content of volatile basic nitrogen is not obviously increased.
This indicates that irradiation treatment of shrimp meat with a radiation dose higher than 8kGy can significantly reduce the residual amount of chloramphenicol in the shrimp meat, but it can reduce the freshness of the shrimp meat; while the freshness of the shrimp meat cannot be reduced by irradiation with the irradiation dose lower than 8kGy, but the chloramphenicol in chicken cannot be effectively degraded, and the meat quality of the shrimp meat is easy to turn yellow.
Test example II, Effect of the degradation rate of chloramphenicol in periodic forward and reverse current prawn and the quality of the product
And (3) investigating the influence of the forward and reverse current treatment time in different periods on the degradation rate of chloramphenicol in the shrimp meat.
2.1 test methods: 2kg of shrimp is cultivated in 40kg of a chloromycetin aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/kg, air is continuously supplied underwater by an oxygenation pump, the shrimp is raised for 12 hours, then live shrimps with similar sizes are taken out, the chloromycetin on the surfaces of the shrimps is removed by washing for 3 times, the shrimp shells are heated to turn red, the shrimp meat is peeled, the shrimp meat is uniformly stirred, samples are taken by diagonal lines, each package is 250g, 10 packages are obtained, the shrimp meat is treated according to different combinations of normal-pressure forward direct current treatment and normal-pressure reverse direct current treatment time in the table 3, the influence of the shrimp meat on the chloromycetin residue in the shrimp meat and the quality of the shrimp meat is inspected, the chloromycetin in the shrimp meat is measured by an SN0341-95 outlet meat and chloromycetin residue detection method in meat products by using an electron capture gas chromatograph, and the measurement result is shown; the quality of shrimp meat and volatile basic nitrogen were measured according to the method specified in GB/T5009.44, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 3 influence of different normal pressure forward DC treatment and normal pressure reverse DC treatment time on residual amount of chloramphenicol in shelled shrimp
TABLE 4 influence of different normal-pressure forward DC processing and normal-pressure reverse DC processing time on shrimp quality
As can be seen from tables 3 and 4, the residual quantity of chloramphenicol in the peeled shrimp cannot be degraded by the single cycle forward and reverse current treatment, but the residual quantity of chloramphenicol does not cause the quality of the peeled shrimp to change.
Test example III, influence of degradation rate and product quality of chloramphenicol in prawn treated by periodic forward and reverse current combined irradiation
Sound box
Live shrimps were treated according to the test method 1.1, the shrimp meat was treated according to the treatment methods of examples one to three, the influence of the degradation rate of chloramphenicol in the shrimps and the product quality was examined, chloramphenicol in the shrimp meat was measured by an SN0341-95 outlet meat and meat product chloramphenicol residue test method using an electron capture gas chromatograph, and the measurement results are shown in table 5; the quality of shrimp meat and volatile basic nitrogen were measured according to the method specified in GB/T5009.44, and the results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 5 influence of periodic forward and reverse current combined with irradiation treatment on chloramphenicol degradation rate in shrimp meat
TABLE 6 influence of periodic forward and reverse current combined with irradiation treatment on shrimp meat quality
As can be seen from tables 5 and 6, by adopting periodic forward and reverse current and irradiation treatment, on one hand, the residual quantity of chloramphenicol in the peeled shrimps can be reduced to below 0.1 mug/kg by using lower irradiation absorbed dose, on the other hand, the processed peeled shrimps have no yellowing phenomenon, have no obvious change in hardness, have no influence on freshness of the peeled shrimps, and make remarkable progress compared with the prior art.
Fourth test example, Effect of periodic Forward and reverse Current in combination with irradiation on degradation of Chloramphenicol in different aquatic products
Live shrimps and live grass carps were treated according to the test method 1.1, the shrimps and live grass carps were treated according to the treatment method of example one, the influence of the degradation rate of chloramphenicol in the shrimps and the product quality before and after treatment was examined, chloramphenicol in grass carp meat was measured from shrimp meat by an SN0341-95 outlet meat and meat product chloramphenicol residue test method using an electron capture gas chromatograph, and the measurement results are shown in table 7; the qualities of shrimp meat and grass carp meat and volatile basic nitrogen were measured according to the method specified in GB/T5009.44, and the measurement results are shown in tables 8 and 9.
TABLE 7 Effect of periodic Forward and reverse Current in combination with irradiation treatment on degradation of chloramphenicol in shrimp meat and grass carp meat
TABLE 8 influence of periodic forward and reverse current combined with irradiation treatment on shrimp meat quality
| Group of | Color of shelled shrimp | Hardness of shrimp meat | Volatile basic nitrogen (mg/100g) |
| Before treatment | Without change | Without change | 15.8 |
| After treatment | Without change | Without change | 16.0 |
TABLE 9 influence of periodic forward and reverse current in combination with irradiation treatment on grass carp meat quality
| Group of | Color of grass carp meat | Hardness of grass carp meat | Volatile basic nitrogen (mg/100g) |
| Before treatment | Without change | Without change | 14.2 |
| After treatment | Yellow color | Without change | 16.3 |
As can be seen from tables 7-9, the combination of periodic forward and reverse current treatment and irradiation treatment can effectively reduce the residual quantity of chloramphenicol in live shrimps, meet the international requirements, do not affect the quality of shrimp meat, and is suitable for degradation treatment of chloramphenicol in live shrimps; experiments show that the residual chloramphenicol in the fish meat can be degraded to a certain degree by combining periodic forward and reverse current treatment with irradiation treatment on the grass carp, but the chloramphenicol cannot meet international standards.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An aquatic product antibiotic irradiation degradation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A) cobalt-60 gamma irradiation treatment: performing irradiation treatment on the originally packaged aquatic product by using cobalt-60 gamma rays, wherein the irradiation absorption dose is 0.5-2 kGy, and the irradiation absorption dose uniformity is 1.2-1.4;
B) periodic forward and reverse current processing: placing the aquatic product subjected to irradiation treatment in a normal-pressure forward direct current electric field for treatment for 20-30 s, and then placing the aquatic product in a normal-pressure reverse direct current electric field for treatment for 6-10 s, wherein the current densities of normal-pressure forward current and normal-pressure reverse current are 100-150A/m2(ii) a The antibiotic is chloramphenicol; the aquatic product is shrimp.
2. The method for the irradiation degradation of aquatic product antibiotics according to claim 1, wherein the irradiation absorbed dose in the step a) is 1 kGy; the uniformity of the irradiation absorbed dose is 1.2; the step A) is carried out at normal temperature.
3. The method for degrading aquatic product antibiotics by irradiation according to claim 1, wherein the step B) is carried out in a normal-pressure forward direct current electric field for 23s, and then is carried out in a normal-pressure reverse direct current electric field for 8 s; the current density of the normal-pressure forward direct current and the normal-pressure reverse direct current is 120A/m2。
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