CN109601822B - Method for degrading antibiotics in animal-derived food by synergistic irradiation of alkaloid - Google Patents
Method for degrading antibiotics in animal-derived food by synergistic irradiation of alkaloid Download PDFInfo
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- CN109601822B CN109601822B CN201910055165.1A CN201910055165A CN109601822B CN 109601822 B CN109601822 B CN 109601822B CN 201910055165 A CN201910055165 A CN 201910055165A CN 109601822 B CN109601822 B CN 109601822B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for degrading antibiotics in animal-derived food by synergistic irradiation of alkaloid, aiming at the application limitation of irradiation technology in animal-derived food, the method improves the degradation effect of the antibiotic residues in meat by the synergistic action of irradiation degradation technology, alkaloid and ultrasonic pretreatment, adopts inert gas atmosphere irradiation to inhibit 'irradiation taste', and optimizes various process parameters in three treatment technologies, namely, the degradation efficiency of the antibiotic residues in the meat is obviously improved on the premise of ensuring the quality of the meat by optimizing various process parameters such as alkaloid concentration, solution pH value, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, irradiation dose rate, irradiation treatment gas atmosphere and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of civil nuclear technology application and also belongs to the technical field of food science. Relates to a degradation technology of antibiotic residue in animal derived food, in particular to a treatment technology for degrading antibiotic by the synergistic effect of alkaloid and irradiation degradation technology.
Background
China is the first major country for antibiotic production, and the annual production of antibiotics is more than 70, and the annual yield is about 24.8 ten thousand tons, which accounts for 70% of the world. Antibiotics are widely used in humans and animals (poultry, livestock, etc.) as drugs for preventing and treating bacterial infections, and are also widely used in the aquatic and livestock industries as feed additives, livestock growth promoters for promoting animal growth. The antibiotic is widely used in the animal husbandry, aquaculture and human daily life, and directly or indirectly induces the continuous enhancement of the drug resistance of bacteria. Meanwhile, antibiotics are accumulated in a food chain, damage to human health is caused, intestinal dysfunction is caused, anaphylactic reaction is caused, regenerative disorder anemia is caused in some cases, and direct toxicity and potential three-cause effects (carcinogenesis, teratogenesis and mutagenesis) are caused to eaters in serious cases. In recent years, the abuse phenomenon of antibiotics is more serious, the event that export food is returned due to the fact that the antibiotic residue exceeds the standard sometimes occurs, and the problem of antibiotic residue in animal derived food becomes a main factor for restricting export of livestock products and aquatic products in China. In conclusion, the problem of antibiotic residue not only affects the physical health of consumers, but also affects the export trade of food in China, and causes huge economic loss. Therefore, a technology for degrading antibiotic residues in animal derived foods is needed to solve the above problems.
At present, scientists at home and abroad research out effective methods for removing antibiotics, which mainly comprise a physical method, a chemical method, a biodegradation method and an irradiation method. Wherein the physical method is mainly an adsorption method; the chemical method mainly adopts ultraviolet light catalytic oxidation technology; the biodegradation method mainly comprises a microbial strain degradation technology. These methods can degrade or remove the antibiotic residues to some extent, but also have many disadvantages. The adsorption method can be used for liquid food and is not suitable for livestock and poultry meat and aquatic products, the ultraviolet catalytic oxidation technology can only degrade surface antibiotic residues, ultraviolet light cannot penetrate into the food, the irradiation method can penetrate into the food, but 30kGy or even higher dosage is needed for completely degrading the antibiotic, the dosage far exceeds the tolerance dosage of the livestock and poultry products and the aquatic products, the food quality can be damaged, the food flavor is changed, the irradiation peculiar smell is generated, exogenous microorganisms are introduced during biodegradation, the efficiency is low, and the requirement on reaction conditions is harsh. Therefore, the single degradation technology has no ideal selectivity and has larger limitation, thereby limiting the application in the production of animal-derived foods.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the problems in the prior art and provides a method for degrading antibiotic residues in animal-derived food by synergistic irradiation of alkaloid, which is characterized in that the antibiotic residues in the animal-derived food can be completely degraded by pretreatment of alkaloid, regulation of irradiation gas atmosphere and irradiation with a lower dose of 1-5 kGy without damaging the flavor, parasites and harmful microorganisms in the animal-derived food can be killed, and the quality safety of the animal-derived food is ensured.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for degrading antibiotics in animal-derived food by synergistic irradiation of alkaloid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) Solution preparation: preparing 1-1000 mg/L aqueous solution of naturally extracted alkaloid by using purified water, adding citric acid into the aqueous solution of alkaloid to ensure that the concentration of the citric acid is 0-4 mg/L, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to be 6-8;
b) Pretreatment: soaking animal-derived food in the solution prepared in the step a), and carrying out ultrasonic treatment at normal temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, wherein the ultrasonic power is 50-300 w, and the treatment time is 0.5-2 h;
c) And (3) packaging: packaging the food pretreated in the step b) by a packaging bag with good barrier property, completely discharging air in the bag, and filling inert gas for packaging;
d) Irradiation: and c) carrying out irradiation degradation treatment on the packaged product in the step c) by adopting an irradiation device, wherein the irradiation dose is 1-5 kGy.
In the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the application obstacle of the existing irradiation technology in the animal-derived food is overcome. When the irradiation treatment is adopted alone, a higher dose of more than 30kGy is needed, and under the higher dose, the quality of the animal derived food is seriously reduced, the meat becomes soft and yellow, and the irradiation taste caused by fat rancidity is generated. The invention only needs low dosage of 1-5 kGy, can thoroughly degrade antibiotics in animal-derived food, does not have any negative influence on the quality and nutrient content of the animal-derived food, can kill parasites and harmful microorganisms in meat, and ensures the sanitary safety of the animal-derived food.
Aiming at the application limitation of the irradiation technology in animal-derived food, the degradation effect of the antibiotic residues in the meat is improved through the synergistic effect of the irradiation degradation technology, the alkaloid and ultrasonic pretreatment, the irradiation flavor is inhibited by adopting the irradiation of the inert gas atmosphere, and each process parameter in the three treatment technologies is optimized, namely, the degradation efficiency of the antibiotic residues in the meat is obviously improved on the premise of ensuring the quality of the meat through the optimization of a plurality of process parameters such as alkaloid concentration, solution pH value, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, irradiation dose rate, irradiation treatment gas atmosphere and the like.
Preferably, in step a), the alkaloid is one or more of tomatidine, trigonelline, ephedrine, coptisine and hyoscyamine.
Preferably, in step a), the alkaloid is a compound of tomatidine and trigonelline.
Preferably, in step a), the concentration of the alkaloid is 5-500 mg/L.
Preferably, in the step b), the ultrasonic power is 150-250 w, and the ultrasonic time is 0.5-1 h.
Preferably, in step c), the inert gas is N 2 Or CO 2 To one of (1).
Preferably, in step d), the irradiation dose is 2 to 4.5kGy.
Preferably, in step d), the irradiation device employs 60 When the Co gamma device is used, the packaged animal-derived food is directly placed into an irradiation box and is sent into an irradiation chamber for irradiation through a transmission system.
Further, in step d), the irradiation device adopts 60 In Co gamma device, it 60 Activity of Co Radioactive Source30 to 400 thousand curies.
Further, in step d), the irradiation device adopts 60 In the case of a Co gamma device, 42 groups of irradiation boxes are provided, each group is divided into an upper group and a lower group, the loading and unloading of the animal-derived food can adopt a jacking type or fork type loading and unloading device, and the irradiation boxes can realize automatic layer changing and surface changing through a transmission system.
Further, in step d), the irradiation device adopts 60 In the case of a Co gamma apparatus, the maximum volume specification (length. Times. Width. Times. Height) in the irradiation chamber was 1220 mm. Times.560 mm. Times.1350 mm, and the maximum load of the single irradiation chamber was 400kg.
Further, in step d), the irradiation device adopts 60 In the case of a Co gamma device, the transmission system can adopt one of a pure suspension chain type, a suspension chain + moving type transition mechanical type and a roller way type.
Preferably, in the step d), when the irradiation device adopts an electron accelerator, the packaged animal-derived food is placed on an irradiation tray and is sent into an irradiation chamber for irradiation through an automatic transmission system.
Further, in the step d), when the irradiation device adopts an electron accelerator, the energy is 1 to 10MeV, the beam power is 50 to 100kW, and the scanning width is 100cm.
Further, in the step d), when the irradiation device adopts an electron accelerator, the maximum width of the irradiation tray is 100cm, and the thickness of the meat package is below 20 cm.
Further, in the step d), when the electron accelerator is adopted for irradiation, the transmission system can adopt one of a roller way type, a crawler type and a chain type.
Compared with the prior art, the method for degrading the antibiotics in the animal derived food by the synergistic irradiation of the alkaloid has the remarkable technical advantages that:
(1) According to the method for degrading antibiotics in animal-derived food by synergistic irradiation of alkaloid, the antibiotic residue in the animal-derived food can be completely degraded by the synergistic effect of the alkaloid, ultrasonic pretreatment and irradiation technologies, the generation of 'irradiation flavor' can be completely inhibited by combining low dose with the atmosphere of inert irradiation gas, the technical application value is high, and the technical blank of degrading the antibiotic residue in the animal-derived food is filled;
(2) According to the method for degrading the antibiotics in the animal-derived food by the synergistic irradiation of the alkaloids, the alkaloids and the citric acid which are exogenous additives are nontoxic, the use concentration is low, the inert gas is automatically released after the package is opened and cannot remain in the food, and all the additives cannot generate toxic action on a human body;
(3) According to the method for degrading the antibiotics in the animal-derived food by the synergistic irradiation of the alkaloids, the alkaloids are combined with the ultrasonic wave for pretreatment, so that the alkaloid solution can quickly permeate into the meat tissue, the irradiation degradation efficiency of the antibiotics is greatly improved, and the ultrasonic treatment has the effect of improving the meat quality;
(4) The method for degrading the antibiotics in the animal-derived food by the synergistic irradiation of the alkaloids adopts an irradiation processing technology, has high irradiation efficiency, good irradiation uniformity, high automation degree and large treatment capacity, can be scaled and is convenient to popularize.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be better understood, the following disclosure is further set forth in connection with the examples so that the advantages and features of the invention may be more readily understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. It should be noted that the following description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention encompass such modifications and variations within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Example 1
a) Preparing the natural trigonelline with purified water to obtain 1mg/L water solution. Adding citric acid into the trigonelline solution to ensure that the concentration of the citric acid is 1mg/L, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to be between 6 and 8;
b) Soaking pork in the solution prepared in the step a), and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 0.5h at normal temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, wherein the ultrasonic power is 195w;
c) Packaging the pork pretreated in the step b) by a packaging bag with good barrier property, completely discharging air in the bag, and filling saturated N 2 Packaging;
d) Loading the pork packaged in the step c) into an irradiation box, and feeding the pork into an automatic conveying system to obtain 30 ten thousand Curie points 60 And irradiating by an irradiation chamber of a Co gamma irradiation device, wherein the irradiation dose is 1kGy.
The internal volume specification (length multiplied by width multiplied by height) of the irradiation box is 1220mm multiplied by 560mm multiplied by 1350mm, the bearing of the irradiation box is 400kg, the loading and unloading of pork are carried out in a jacking mode, the irradiation box carries out automatic layer changing and surface changing through a transmission system, and the irradiation transmission system adopts a pure suspension chain type.
Example 2
a) Preparing natural tomatidine into 500mg/L aqueous solution with purified water. Adding citric acid into the tomato alkali solution to ensure that the concentration of the citric acid is 4mg/L, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to be between 6 and 8;
b) Soaking chicken in the solution prepared in the step a), and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h at normal temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, wherein the ultrasonic power is 240w;
c) Packaging the chicken pretreated in the step b) by a packaging bag with good barrier property, completely discharging air in the bag, and filling saturated CO 2 Packaging is carried out;
d) Loading the chicken packaged in the step c) into an irradiation box, and conveying the chicken into 100 ten thousand Curie through an automatic conveying system 60 And irradiating by an irradiation chamber of a Co gamma irradiation device, wherein the irradiation dose is 5kGy.
The volume specification (length multiplied by width multiplied by height) in the irradiation box is 1220mm multiplied by 560mm multiplied by 1350mm, the load bearing of the irradiation box is 400kg, the loading and unloading of chicken adopt a fork mode, the irradiation box automatically changes layers and surfaces through a transmission system, and the irradiation transmission system adopts a suspension chain and a moving type source-passing mechanical type.
Example 3
a) Mixing the natural extracted tomatidine and trigonelline according to the weight ratio of 1:1 mixing, and preparing into 300mg/L aqueous solution with purified water. Adding citric acid into the mixed solution of the alkaloid to ensure that the concentration of the citric acid is 2mg/L, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to be between 6 and 8;
b) Soaking fish meat in the solution prepared in the step a), and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 0.5h at normal temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, wherein the ultrasonic power is 150w;
c) Packaging the fish meat pretreated in the step b) by a packaging bag with good barrier property, completely discharging air in the bag, and filling saturated N 2 Packaging is carried out;
d) And c) loading the packaged fish meat in the step c) into an irradiation tray, and feeding the fish meat into an electron accelerator irradiation chamber with the energy of 10MeV and the beam power of 20kW through an automatic transmission system for irradiation, wherein the irradiation dose is 5kGy.
The width of the irradiation tray is 100cm, the thickness of the fish package is 15cm, and the irradiation transmission system adopts a roller way type.
Comparative example 1
The pork with the residual antibiotics was packaged in a composite packaging bag having good barrier properties, and the same material as that used in example 2 was used 60 And irradiating by using a Co gamma irradiation device, wherein the irradiation dose is 30kGy.
Comparative example 2
a) Preparing the natural trigonelline with purified water to obtain 1mg/L water solution. Adding citric acid into the trigonelline solution to ensure that the concentration of the citric acid is 1mg/L, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to be between 6 and 8;
b) Soaking pork in the solution prepared in the step a), and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 0.5h at normal temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, wherein the ultrasonic power is 195w;
c) Loading the pork pretreated in the step b) into an irradiation box, and conveying the pork into 30 ten thousand Curie through an automatic conveying system 60 And irradiating by an irradiation chamber of a Co gamma irradiation device, wherein the irradiation dose is 1kGy.
The internal volume specification (length multiplied by width multiplied by height) of the irradiation box is 1220mm multiplied by 560mm multiplied by 1350mm, the bearing of the irradiation box is 400kg, the loading and unloading of pork are carried out in a jacking mode, the irradiation box carries out automatic layer changing and surface changing through a transmission system, and the irradiation transmission system adopts a pure suspension chain type.
Comparative example 3
a) The fish meat is packaged in a packaging bag with good barrier property, the air in the bag is completely discharged, and saturated N is filled 2 Packaging;
b) Loading the fish meat packaged in the step a) into an irradiation tray, and feeding the fish meat into an electron accelerator irradiation chamber with the energy of 10MeV and the beam power of 20kW through an automatic transmission system for irradiation, wherein the irradiation dose is 5kGy.
c) In the operation process of the step b), the width of the irradiation tray is 100cm, the thickness of the fish package is 15cm, and the irradiation transmission system adopts a roller way type.
The results of measuring the content of the antibiotics in the above examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 antibiotic degradation Effect and meat flavor
As can be seen from Table 1, the method for degrading antibiotics in animal-derived food by alkaloid synergistic irradiation can thoroughly degrade antibiotic residues in animal-derived food by combining the alkaloid with ultrasonic pretreatment and the irradiation technology, and can completely inhibit the generation of 'irradiation flavor' by combining a lower dose with an inert irradiation gas atmosphere.
The above-mentioned embodiments further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for degrading antibiotics in animal-derived food by synergistic irradiation of alkaloids, wherein the animal-derived food is meat food, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) Solution preparation: preparing water solution of 5-500mg/L of naturally extracted alkaloid with purified water, adding citric acid into the alkaloid solution to ensure that the concentration of the citric acid is 1-4 mg/L, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to be 6-8, wherein the alkaloid is one or two of tomatidine and trigonelline;
b) Pretreatment: soaking the animal derived food in the solution prepared in the step a), and carrying out ultrasonic treatment at normal temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, wherein the ultrasonic power is 50 to 300w, and the treatment time is 0.5 to 2h;
c) And (3) packaging: packaging the food pretreated in the step b) by adopting a packaging bag with good barrier property, completely discharging air in the bag, and filling inert gas for packaging;
d) Irradiation: performing irradiation degradation treatment on the product packaged in the step c) by adopting an irradiation device, wherein the irradiation dose is 1 to 5kGy, and the irradiation device is 60 Co gamma device of 60 The activity of a Co radioactive source is 30 to 400 ten thousand Curies, packaged animal-derived food is directly placed into an irradiation box and is sent into an irradiation chamber through a transmission system for irradiation, 42 groups of irradiation boxes are provided, each group is divided into an upper group and a lower group, a jacking type or fork type loading and unloading device is adopted for loading and unloading the animal-derived food, and automatic layer changing and surface changing of the irradiation box are realized through the transmission system.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step b), the ultrasonic power is 150 to 250w, and the ultrasonic time is 0.5 to 1h.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step c), the inert gas is N 2 Or CO 2 To one of (1).
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step d), the irradiation dose is 2 to 4.5kGy.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step d), the maximum volume specification of the irradiation chamber is 1220mm x 560mm x 1350mm, and the maximum load bearing capacity of a single irradiation chamber is 400kg.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step d), the conveying system is one of a pure suspension chain type, a suspension chain + traveling type transition machine type and a roller way type.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step d), the irradiation device is replaced by an electron accelerator, the packaged food of animal origin is placed on an irradiation tray, and is sent into the irradiation chamber for irradiation through an automatic conveying system.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step d), the energy of the electron accelerator is 1 to 10MeV, the beam power is 50 to 100kW, and the scanning width is 100cm.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step d), the irradiation tray has a maximum width of 100cm and the meat package has a thickness of 20cm or less.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein in step d), the conveying system is one of a roller way type, a crawler type and a chain type.
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