CN107315018B - Moisture detector by microwave energy leakage method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a water content detector by a microwave energy leakage method, which comprises a detection chamber and a microwave generation assembly arranged together with the detection chamber, wherein the detection chamber comprises a detection cavity, the detection cavity is of a hollow structure, one side of the detection cavity is hinged with a sample door bracket, a detection box is fixed on the sample door bracket, an induction cavity is arranged above the detection cavity, a microwave emission cavity is arranged below the detection cavity, an A/D conversion cavity is correspondingly arranged above the induction cavity, an induction coil and a neon lamp connected with the induction coil are arranged in the induction cavity, and a detector for detecting illumination intensity of the neon lamp is arranged in the A/D conversion cavity; the microwave generating device assembly comprises a microwave generator, a waveguide tube arranged together with the microwave generator, and a microwave antenna arranged together with the waveguide tube, wherein the microwave antenna is fixed in the microwave transmitting cavity, and the transmitting direction of the microwave antenna correspondingly faces the detecting cavity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal detection equipment. In particular to a moisture detector by a microwave energy leakage method.
Background
In coal, moisture is one of the most easily changeable components, but is one of important indexes of coal quality, and has important influence on coal trade, transportation and processing utilization. In coal import and export trade, the received basic low-level calorific value is a main settlement basis, the combustible components in the coal are reduced due to the increase of moisture, the low-level calorific value is reduced, in a normal case, the calorific value of the coal is reduced by 250.29kJ/kg every time the moisture of l% is increased in the coal, the larger the calorific value of the coal is, the larger the influence of the moisture on the low-level calorific value is, and therefore the economic benefits of both supply and demand sides are directly influenced by the change of the moisture in the coal. When the boiler of the power plant burns, the temperature in the absorption furnace of the water in the coal in the heating and evaporating process reduces the furnace temperature, delays the ignition time of the coal, influences flame stability, is unfavorable for the safe operation of the boiler, increases the water content, the incomplete combustion of coal dust, increases the incomplete combustion loss, increases the smoke discharge amount, increases the smoke discharge heat loss, reduces the efficiency of the boiler, and increases the discharge amount of waste gas and waste solid. In recent years, the haze weather in winter in Jingjin Ji area is frequent, and the great reason is inherently related to waste gas and waste discharged by coal during heating in winter. Therefore, the detection of moisture in coal is a fundamental but very important item, but due to the requirements of process detection and process control development, the traditional offline coal moisture detection method cannot meet the production process requirements, and the production of equipment capable of accurately, quickly and online detecting moisture in coal is highly desired.
At present, the method for detecting the moisture content of the coal sample in the laboratory is a drying method, and comprises the steps of crushing coal particles to 200-300 meshes, sampling, weighing, drying for 60-120 minutes, re-weighing, calculating the moisture loss, and calculating the moisture content. There are therefore some drawbacks in the experiment: (1) the labor intensity of manual measurement is high, so that the influence of human errors is large; (2) the representativeness of sampling is difficult to ensure, the coal flow in the industrial production process is large, and the number of each sampling is very limited, so that the representativeness of actual sampling is poor; (3) the operation period is long, the result is lagged, and the material quality cannot be monitored on line synchronously with production.
The method for measuring the moisture content of substances in practical operation at home and abroad can be divided into two main types according to the principle: a thermal drying method and a microwave transmission method. The thermal drying method comprises a microwave heating method and an infrared heating method; the microwave transmission method comprises a microwave attenuation method, a microwave dielectric constant (capacitance) method and a microwave resonant cavity method, and has different characteristics, application ranges, measurement accuracy and the like.
(1) Infrared heating drying method
The principle of the infrared heating and drying method is that moisture is utilized to have a strong absorption band for infrared radiation with specific wavelength, when the frequency of the infrared radiation is matched with the natural motion frequency of basic particles of a heated substance, the infrared heating and drying method can well absorb the radiant energy and generate strong resonance, the substance is rapidly heated, and the object is rapidly and uniformly heated and dried. The method is characterized in that the method is not contacted with the measured material, the highest precision can reach 0.1%, the influence of the material temperature and density on the measurement result is small, but the method only belongs to the surface measurement technology, and the volume moisture (internal moisture) of the whole material is difficult to reflect.
(2) Microwave heating drying method
The microwave heating and drying method is that water molecules vibrate at a high speed along with the change of the direction of a microwave electric field, the higher the frequency of an alternating electric field is, the quicker the polarization of polar molecules which are repeatedly turned is, the more intense the thermal motion of the molecules and the friction action between adjacent molecules are, and the conversion of electromagnetic energy into heat energy and the rapid evaporation of water are completed. The method has the characteristics of strong penetrating power, uniform and rapid drying and selectivity, but the instrument combines a microwave drying technology with an electronic balance mass weighing technology, and the detection is completed through sampling, weighing, drying and re-weighing, so that the operation time of the process is long, the result is lagged, and particularly the production process requiring rapid detection of water content and rapid adjustment of water content cannot realize real-time online monitoring.
(3) Microwave attenuation method (capacitance method)
The microwave attenuation method is based on that the dielectric constant of water is much larger than that of a common dielectric material, so that even if the free water content in the material is slightly changed, the dielectric property of the material is changed, the reaction is very sensitive, but the precision is lower by only 1%. And the dielectric constant is disturbed by the temperature, the material density, the material purity and the distance between the detected object and the detection sensor. There are many products based on this detection method at present abroad (uk, germany), but all have the above-mentioned puzzled problems.
(4) Microwave reflection method
According to the microwave reflection method, the material moisture content is determined by measuring the microwave phase displacement and the attenuation after reflecting the material according to the nonlinear function relation between the microwave reflection parameters such as the phase displacement and the attenuation and the material moisture, the detection speed is high, the sensitivity is high, the contact with a measured object is not needed, the nondestructive detection is realized, the influence of the detection distance is avoided, and the influence of the material density, the material purity and the temperature is realized.
(5) Microwave resonant cavity method
The microwave cavity method determines the moisture content of materials by measuring the shift of the resonant frequency and the quality factor of the resonant cavity. The method has higher resolution and measurement accuracy. The influence of the density on the measurement result can be eliminated by calculating the ratio of the dielectric constant and the attenuation factor, so that the moisture measurement of the microwave resonant cavity irrelevant to the density is realized. However, the positive and negative conversion of the electric field to oxygen ions and hydrogen ions in water molecules affects the resonant frequency, and the purity impurities of the materials also interfere with the resonant frequency, so that the detection precision is also affected. In actual detection, products with the same water content are detected, and as the material density, the material purity and the detection distance of the detected sample are slightly changed, the dielectric constant, the resonance frequency and the water content detection result are interfered. In practical application, the detection precision is lower, the general precision is not more than 1%, and the instrument using the principles for detection is very frequently calibrated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the aspect of coal detection, the invention provides a moisture detector by a microwave energy leakage method.
The technical scheme includes that the microwave energy leakage method moisture detector comprises a detection chamber and a microwave generation assembly which is arranged together with the detection chamber, wherein the detection chamber comprises a detection cavity, the detection cavity is of a hollow structure, one side of the detection cavity is hinged with a sample door support, a detection box is fixed on the sample door support, an induction cavity is arranged above the detection cavity, a microwave emission cavity is arranged below the detection cavity, an A/D conversion cavity which is correspondingly arranged above the induction cavity is also arranged above the induction cavity, an induction coil and a neon lamp which is connected with the induction coil are arranged in the induction cavity, and a detector for detecting illumination intensity of the neon lamp is arranged in the A/D conversion cavity; the microwave generating device assembly comprises a microwave generator, a waveguide tube arranged together with the microwave generator, and a microwave antenna arranged together with the waveguide tube, wherein the microwave antenna is fixed in the microwave transmitting cavity, and the transmitting direction of the microwave antenna correspondingly faces the detecting cavity.
The detection cavity is also hinged with a correction door bracket, and a check box is fixed on the correction door bracket.
The touch screen comprises a touch screen body, a controller and a detector, wherein the controller is electrically connected with the touch screen body, and the controller is also electrically connected with the detector and the microwave generator respectively.
And a temperature probe is also fixed in the detection box and is electrically connected with the controller.
The weighing balance is electrically connected with the controller.
In the invention, the microwave energy leakage method adopts microwaves with certain intensity, so that the neon lamp emits light, and the emitted brightness is related to the intensity of the microwaves. For example, microwaves penetrate through coal dust containing certain moisture, the microwave energy intensity can be consumed by high-speed vibration friction of water molecules in the coal dust, the water content changes to enable the microwave intensity leaked through the coal dust to change simultaneously, meanwhile, the luminous brightness of a neon tube also changes, the change of the microwave energy leaked through the coal dust is detected through detecting the change of the luminous intensity, and the water content value in the coal dust is reversely detected.
The invention specifically operates as follows: the microwave generator emits a 2.4GHz microwave signal of stable intensity, the microwaves of which are the frequencies most easily absorbed by water. The microwave is led into the transmitting cavity through the waveguide tube, the transmitting antenna is arranged in the transmitting cavity, and the transmitting cavity is in butt joint with the detecting cavity, so that the whole microwave emitted by the transmitting antenna passes through the detecting cavity filled with the detected sample. The design and the manufacture of the detection cavity ensure that microwaves are not reflected and not leaked. Two half-open rotary door holders are respectively arranged at two sides of a detection opening of the detection cavity and are a sample door holder and a calibration door holder. The sample door support is provided with a measuring box. The calibration door support is provided with a clamping and checking box. When the sample door is closed, the measurement cassette is fed into the detection chamber. Similarly, the calibration box is fed into the detection chamber when the sample door is closed but the calibration door is not closed. The detection cavity is connected with the transduction cavity. The transduction cavity is connected with the A/D conversion cavity. The microwave signal enters the detection cavity, passes through the measurement box or the verification box, and the violent vibration friction absorption of the water molecules of the sample in the box consumes a certain amount of microwaves, so that the energy intensity of the microwaves transmitted by the sample is attenuated, the energy transmitted by the microwaves and the water content are inversely proportional to each other, the intensity-attenuated microwave signal enters the energy conversion cavity, neon bubbles are filled in the energy conversion cavity, the energy signal leaked by the microwaves is converted into light intensity signals, namely, the light intensity signals are changed into light intensity signals, the light intensity signals are converted into digital electric signals which can be identified by the controller through the A/D conversion cavity, and then the digital electric signals are sent to the controller for touch screen display, operation, storage and the like.
The temperature probe is mounted on the measuring box. The temperature inside the measuring cell is measured to compensate for the accuracy of the adjusted moisture content, since temperature disturbances reduce the moisture content of the sample.
The weighing balance is arranged on the shell of the microwave generating component, can weigh the weight value of the sample measuring box and is used for compensating and adjusting the precision of the water content because the interference of the density reduces the water content of the sample
The method for calculating the water content of the stored materials in the touch screen and the database of the controller corrects functions and calibrates data. Different sample types correspond to different water content correction curves, different material samples correspond to different calling numbers, calculation programs of different numbers are called, a water content curve graph for correcting different samples can be calculated, high-precision water content results after compensation and synthesis calculation can be calculated, and the water content results are displayed through a touch screen.
Therefore, the microwave energy leakage method moisture on-line rapid detector has the advantages that:
1. the detection speed is high by adopting the microwave energy leakage principle, so that the online real-time measurement is realized, and the detection time is not less than 10 times per minute.
2. The leakage energy transmission principle is adopted, the requirement on the distance of the detection distance of the sample is not high, and the detection result is not interfered by the detection distance.
3. The water content data of the standard sample are repeatedly collected and calibrated at high speed through the rotary calibration box, and the zero point of the water content of the actually measured sample is corrected in real time, so that the material purity interference is small.
4. And the water content calculation result is not affected by temperature through temperature acquisition and correction of the sample.
5. The sample weights were measured randomly in combination with an equal volume standard cartridge measurement so that the water content calculation was not affected by density.
The invention can quickly regulate and control the moisture content in the production process, and obviously improve the product quality and the detection efficiency. The device has simple structure, safety, reliability and low cost. And by combining the correction operation and the optimization result of an artificial intelligent computer, the water content is calculated more accurately and the consistency is better. The weight is light, the integrated design is adopted, temperature compensation is adopted, and the adaptability of the detection process to field conditions such as sample temperature, purity, density, detection distance and the like is stronger.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the invention in a cross-sectional top view at position A-A;
fig. 3 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In connection with fig. 1, one embodiment of the present invention.
The utility model provides a microwave energy leakage method moisture detector, includes detection room and the microwave generation subassembly 16 that is in the same place with the detection room, the detection room includes detection chamber 5, the detection chamber is hollow structure, and its one side articulates has sample door support 6, be fixed with detection box 13 on the sample door support, detection chamber top is equipped with sensing chamber 8, the detection chamber below is equipped with microwave emission chamber 3, the sensing chamber top still corresponds the AD conversion chamber 9 that sets up, be equipped with induction coil and with the neon lamp 17 that induction coil is connected in the sensing chamber, be equipped with the detector that is used for detecting neon lamp illumination intensity in the AD conversion chamber; the microwave generating device assembly comprises a microwave generator 1, a waveguide tube 2 arranged together with the microwave generator, and a microwave antenna 4 arranged together with the waveguide tube, wherein the microwave antenna is fixed in the microwave transmitting cavity, and the transmitting direction of the microwave antenna faces the detecting cavity correspondingly.
The detection cavity is also hinged with a correction door bracket 7, and a check box 12 is fixed on the correction door bracket.
The touch screen comprises a touch screen body 14 and a controller 15 electrically connected with the touch screen body, wherein the controller is also electrically connected with a detector and a microwave generator respectively.
A temperature probe 10 is also fixed in the detection box, and the temperature probe is electrically connected with a controller.
And the weighing balance 11 is electrically connected with the controller.
The device specifically operates: the microwave source 1 emits a 2.4GHz microwave signal of stable intensity, the microwaves of which are the frequencies most easily absorbed by water. The microwave is introduced into the transmitting cavity 3 through the waveguide tube 2, the transmitting antenna 4 is arranged in the transmitting cavity 3, and the transmitting cavity 3 is in butt joint with the detecting cavity 5, so that the whole area of the microwave emitted by the transmitting antenna passes through the detecting cavity 5 filled with the detected sample. The detection cavity 5 is designed and manufactured to ensure no reflection and no leakage of microwaves. Two half-open rotary door holders are respectively arranged at two sides of a detection opening of the detection cavity 5 and are a sample door holder 6 and a calibration door holder 7. The sample door support 6 is provided with a measuring box 13. The calibration gate support 7 is provided with a card calibration box 12. When the sample door 6 is closed, the measuring cassette 13 is fed into the detection chamber 5. Similarly, when the calibration door 7 is closed without closing the sample door 6, the calibration box 12 is fed into the detection chamber 5. The detection chamber 5 is connected with the transduction chamber 8. The transduction cavity 8 is connected to the a/D conversion cavity 9. The microwave signal enters the detection cavity 5 and passes through the measurement box 13 or the verification box 12, a certain amount of microwaves are consumed by the intense vibration friction absorption of the water molecules in the sample in the box, so that the energy intensity of the microwaves passing through the sample is attenuated, the energy of the microwaves passing through the sample and the water content are inversely proportional to change, the intensity-attenuated microwave signal enters the energy conversion cavity 8, neon bubbles 17 are arranged in the energy conversion cavity 8, the energy signal of the microwave leakage is converted into a light intensity signal, namely the neon bubbles 17 generate light and shade change, the light intensity signal is converted into a digital electric signal which can be identified by the controller through the A/D conversion cavity 9 and then is sent into the controller 15, and the display, the operation, the storage and the like of the touch screen 14 are performed.
The temperature probe 10 is mounted on a measurement box 13. The temperature inside the measuring cell 13 is measured to compensate for the accuracy of the adjusted moisture content, since temperature disturbances reduce the moisture content of the sample.
The weighing balance 11 is mounted on the housing of the microwave generating assembly 16, and can weigh the weight value of the sample measuring box 13 for compensating and adjusting the water content precision because the disturbance of density reduces the water content of the sample
The touch screen 14 and the database of the controller 15 are internally stored with the calculation method of the water content of the materials, the correction function and the calibration data. The types of different samples correspond to different water content correction curves, the samples of different materials correspond to different calling numbers, calculation programs of different numbers are called, the water content curve graph of the different samples can be calculated and corrected, and the high-precision water content result after compensation and synthesis calculation can be displayed through the touch screen 14.
Therefore, the microwave energy leakage method moisture on-line rapid detector has the advantages that:
1. the detection speed is high by adopting the microwave energy leakage principle, so that the online real-time measurement is realized, and the detection time is not less than 10 times per minute.
2. The leakage energy transmission principle is adopted, the requirement on the distance of the detection distance of the sample is not high, and the detection result is not interfered by the detection distance.
3. The water content data of the standard sample are repeatedly collected and calibrated at high speed through the rotary calibration box, and the zero point of the water content of the actually measured sample is corrected in real time, so that the material purity interference is small.
4. And the water content calculation result is not affected by temperature through temperature acquisition and correction of the sample.
5. The sample weights were measured randomly in combination with an equal volume standard cartridge measurement so that the water content calculation was not affected by density.
The invention can quickly regulate and control the moisture content in the production process, and obviously improve the product quality and the detection efficiency. The device has simple structure, safety, reliability and low cost. And by combining the correction operation and the optimization result of an artificial intelligent computer, the water content is calculated more accurately and the consistency is better. The weight is light, the integrated design is adopted, temperature compensation is adopted, and the adaptability of the detection process to field conditions such as sample temperature, purity, density, detection distance and the like is stronger. The technology of the invention is realized: 1. the coal sample is not required to be crushed, so that the labor intensity is reduced, and the environmental pollution of a laboratory is reduced. Because of the high penetration characteristic of microwaves, the direct measurement of large-particle coal samples does not influence the detection result. 2. The water content of the sample is measured, the water content can be obtained only by opening and closing the measuring box, the water content value can be obtained without baking the coal sample for a long time, the water content test is really completed once in a few seconds, and particularly hundreds of coal samples are measured every day, so that the working efficiency is greatly improved. 3. The temperature compensation and the weight density compensation overcome the interference to the precision under the conditions of density and temperature fluctuation, so that the precision of the water content reaches 0.1%, which is greatly improved compared with the precision of 1% of the existing market microwave detection method, and is equivalent to the precision of the water content measurement by the microwave and infrared drying method. 4. The detection whole process has less human intervention and humanized operation interface, and can be operated by non-professional staff, thereby reducing the consumption of technical staff. 5. The detection time is fast, the real-time analysis of the water content is realized, the detection result is generated synchronously on line, and the production is directed for enterprises, so that the water content adjustment is guided to have no hysteresis. 6. The machine is provided with the check box and has a high-speed calibration function, so that the water content data of the detection sample is calibrated quickly, the consistency is good, and the machine is more stable and reliable.
The above technical solution only represents the preferred technical solution of the present invention, and some changes that may be made by those skilled in the art to some parts of the technical solution represent the principles of the present invention, and the technical solution falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a microwave energy leakage method moisture detector which is characterized in that, including detection room and microwave generation subassembly (16) that are in the same place with the detection room, the detection room includes detection chamber (5), the detection chamber is hollow structure, and its one side articulates has sample door support (6), be fixed with detection box (13) on the sample door support, detection chamber top is equipped with sensing chamber (8), the detection chamber below is equipped with microwave emission chamber (3), sensing chamber top still corresponds AD conversion chamber (9) that set up, be equipped with induction coil and with neon lamp (17) that induction coil is connected in the sensing chamber, AD conversion intracavity is equipped with the detector that is used for detecting neon lamp illumination intensity; the microwave generating device assembly comprises a microwave generator (1), a waveguide tube (2) arranged together with the microwave generator, and a microwave antenna (4) arranged together with the waveguide tube, wherein the microwave antenna is fixed in the microwave emitting cavity, and the emitting direction of the microwave antenna faces the detecting cavity correspondingly;
a temperature probe (10) is also fixed in the detection box and is electrically connected with the controller;
the device also comprises a weighing balance (11), wherein the weighing balance is electrically connected with the controller;
the weighing balance (11) is arranged on the shell of the microwave generation assembly (16) and can weigh the weight value of the sample measurement box (13) for compensating and adjusting the water content precision;
the temperature probe (10) is arranged on the measuring box (13) and is used for measuring the internal temperature of the measuring box (13) and compensating and adjusting the water content precision.
2. The microwave energy leakage method moisture detector according to claim 1, wherein the detection cavity is further hinged with a calibration door bracket (7), and a calibration box (12) is fixed on the calibration door bracket.
3. The microwave energy leakage method moisture detector according to claim 2, further comprising a touch screen (14) and a controller (15) electrically connected to the touch screen, the controller further being electrically connected to the detector and the microwave generator, respectively.
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