CN107314854A - The device and method that bolt clamping force is decayed under a kind of real-time measurement vibration environment - Google Patents
The device and method that bolt clamping force is decayed under a kind of real-time measurement vibration environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN107314854A CN107314854A CN201710548922.XA CN201710548922A CN107314854A CN 107314854 A CN107314854 A CN 107314854A CN 201710548922 A CN201710548922 A CN 201710548922A CN 107314854 A CN107314854 A CN 107314854A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
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Abstract
The invention discloses the device and method that bolt clamping force under a kind of real-time measurement vibration environment is decayed, the device includes：Bolt connection piece, pressure sensor, torque spanner, four-way amplifier, data collecting card, signal generator, power amplifier, shake table, vibration level amplifying device, charge amplifier, oscillograph and processor.Shake table loads oscillating load to bolt testpieces, the change of pressure sensor measurement clamping force decay, and the progress force signal amplification of four-way amplifier is sent in the form of force signal, force signal after final amplification carries out data acquisition by data collecting card, and data are handled in respective processor, clamping force decay and oscillating load size and the variation relation of time are obtained, the rule of bolt relaxation is finally given.The present invention has precision height, high recycling rate, simple in construction, and it is simple and easy to do to operate, being capable of monitoring and other advantages in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention devises the device and its application method that bolt clamping force decay is measured under a kind of vibration environment, belongs to machine
Tool engineering and mechanics field.
Background technology
Through being attached frequently with machanical fastener in the parts assembling of electromechanical equipment, and it is most commonly used that among these
Bolt connection, it is demonstrated experimentally that bolt connection has preferable load performance, higher tensile strength.Connected when with nuts and bolt
During mechanical part, tightened with nut, bolt is had axial elongation trend, and produce tension force mechanical part
Tighten up.Research shows that bolt clamping action can reduce in bolt hole area stress concentration, improves bolted stretching
Intensity and fatigue strength.Therefore, in important bolt connection occasion, it is necessary to select suitable clamping force, but in actual dress
With in production process, clamping force is not easy directly to be measured, thus people take other a variety of means to control clamping force, such as turns round
Square control methods, corner control methods etc., although these methods energy qualitative characterization goes out clamping force, going without standard measure states clamping force
Change.
At present under vibration, the method for the quantitative bolt clamping force decay of measurement in real time of research is extremely limited.Compare elder generation
A kind of method entered is to make a call to diameter 2mm blind hole at the hexagonal nuts center of bolt to be measured, and flush type strain is installed in hole
Meter, after sealing such as solidifies at the processing routine, is placed on testing machine and is demarcated, that is, provide fastening force axial suffered by bolt and
The relation of axial strain, it is generally linear.After above-mentioned demarcation, you can obtain bolt axial strain and axial direction
The relation of fastening force.The bolt that strain gauge can then be will be equipped with is arranged in structure, is adopted after plus load by deformeter
Collect the strain data of bolt axial direction, finally according to demarcating file by strain be converted into bolt axially fasten power.Though this method
The situation of change of bolt clamping force so can be accurately measured, but it has destructiveness to bolt, and plasticity occurs for pre-buried strain gauge
Deformation it is irrecoverable, reusable rate is low, and cost it is higher the shortcomings of, without widespread popularity.
It is of the invention to solve a variety of difficulties that bolt clamping force is decayed under measurement vibration environment in the past based on described above,
And it is high, simple in construction with precision, and it is simple and easy to do to operate, and the premium properties such as can monitor in real time.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome prior art can not realize the change to real-time quantitative measurement bolt clamping force decay under vibration environment
Shortcoming.It is high, simple in construction the invention provides a set of precision, and the easy-to-use that operates measures bolt clamping in real time
The device and method of power attenuation change.Its bolt clamping force attenuation test system block diagram by processor as shown in figure 1, control to believe
Number generator output sinusoidal excitation signal, shake table gives bolt connection piece to apply oscillating load, combination pressure sensor, four-way
Amplifier, data collecting card gathered data, and correspondence computer software analyzing and processing data, by changing shake table input load
Frequency and amplitude and load loading time, to control when size and the effect for being applied to bolt connection piece oscillating load
Between, so study bolt clamping force change with time.
The present invention concrete technical scheme be：A kind of bolt clamping force decay of measurement in real time is loaded and changed with oscillating load
Situation, two pressure sensors are sandwiched in the middle of bolt head and surface of test piece respectively, two connectors are with two spiral shells up and down
Tether and connect, the bolt testpieces connected is placed on vibration level amplifying device, export different by processor control signal generator
The sinusoidal excitation signal of frequency and amplitude, with the loading of oscillating load, the mechanical signal of acquisition is put by four-way amplifier
Greatly, then by data collecting card gather, finally handled by computer software and obtain bolt clamping force and change with time data.The dress
Put precision high, it is simple to operate, the situation that bolt clamping force changes with oscillating load can be measured in real time.
In order to realize a kind of device of bolt clamping force decay under above-mentioned target, real-time measurement vibration environment, the device bag
Include：Force moment spanner with digital display, first pressure sensor (9), second pressure sensor (13), the first bolt (8), the second bolt
(14), the first nut (10), the second nut (12), upper connector (7), lower connector (11), four-way amplifier, data acquisition
Card, capture card binding post, capture card USB data line, signal generator, power amplifier, shake table, vibration level amplifying device
(1), charge amplifier, oscillograph and processor.Two pressure sensors are bolted to bolt connection piece with two respectively
On, load moment of torsion with force moment spanner with digital display.The connector connected is placed in vibration level amplifying device groove, as shown in figure.
Apply oscillating load using shake table, it is therefore an objective to Acceleration study process, shorten the bolt clamping force decay time used.Shake table
The amplitude and frequency of the load of loading can be changed, while the number of times of controllable loading.
Bolt connection piece device is upper connector (7), the first bolt (8), the second bolt (14), first successively from top to bottom
Pressure sensor (9), second pressure sensor (13), lower connector (11), the first nut (10) and the second nut (12).Upper company
Fitting (7) and lower connector (11) are contacted by the contact surface of fixed dimension.First bolt (8) and the second bolt (14) pass through number
Aobvious torque spanner is tightened.First pressure sensor (9) is connected between the first bolt (8) and upper connector (7), and second pressure is passed
Sensor (13) is connected between the second bolt (14) and upper connector (7), first pressure sensor (9) and second pressure sensor
(13) K and L * channel on four-way amplifier are connected respectively to, four-way amplifier out, red line is connecing power supply just
24Vdc, brown connects power supply and bears 0V, and K channel is to be connected by green and orange both threads with data collecting card, and green connects signal
Just, the orange signal that connects is born.L * channel is to be connected by purple and pink colour both threads with data collecting card, and purple is connecing signal just, pink colour
Signal is connect to bear.After four-way amplifier is connected with data collecting card, data collecting card and peace are caused by capture card USB data line
Computer equipped with acquisition software is connected.Simultaneous data-collecting card needs capture card power supply adaptor and provides electricity consumption for it.Measure
Experimental data be transferred in real time in computer software, the change of bolt clamping force is monitored by data collecting system in real time
Change.
Upper connector (7) and lower connector (11) are T-shaped component, and structure is identical, and material uses 35CrMo, and size is met
Strength and stiffness requirement, thus is avoided that because of connector intensity, influence of the size distortion that rigidity is not enough caused to bolt clamping force,
Outside transitional region using rounding handle, the design concept avoid because oscillating load it is excessive caused by stress concentration show
As.
Vibration level amplifying device (1) includes upper saddle (15), low bottom-disc (18), connecting rod (17), and low bottom-disc (18) is fixed on sharp
On the table top that shakes (5), saddle (15) is connected with low bottom-disc (18) by connecting rod (17) in connection, and the area of section of connecting rod (17) is less than
The area of section of upper saddle (15), and area of section of the area of section less than low bottom-disc (18) of connecting rod (17)；In upper saddle
(15) groove (16) being engaged with bolt testpieces (2) is provided with.Bolt testpieces (2) is fixed on the groove of saddle (15)
(16) in.
By bolt testpieces (2) clamping on upper saddle (15), the second acceleration transducer (3) is arranged on upper saddle
(15), the first acceleration transducer (4) is arranged on low bottom-disc (18)；First acceleration transducer (4) and the second acceleration are passed
Sensor (3) is piezoelectric acceleration transducer.Low bottom-disc (18) is fixed on the exciting table top (5) of shake table, low bottom-disc
(18) it is connected with upper saddle (15) by connecting rod (17)；The signal connected between processor and signal generator and oscillograph
Line；The signal link connected between signal generator and power amplifier；Connect acceleration transducer and charge amplifier it
Between signal link；The signal link connected between charge amplifier and oscillograph；Connect processor, power amplifier, signal
Generator, charge amplifier, oscillograph, the power supply of shake table.
Beneficial effect
Solve and the problem of bolt clamping force change is relatively difficult is measured under vibrational state, simultaneously for conventional measurement error
Larger, the problems such as measuring complex steps gives corresponding answer.Give a kind of economy, it is simple to operate, error it is small and
And the device and method of the bolt clamping force change under measurement service state in real time can be simulated.
1) bolt clamping force attenuating device under a set of simple but practical measurement vibration environment is devised, the test specimen meets base
This rigidity and intensity requirement, can bolt connection situation in true reappearance Practical Project, obtaining the same of accurate experimental data
When, do not destroy the structure of bolt in itself, repeat usage is high, apparatus structure composition is simple, be only vertically connected with part, bolt and
Nut is constituted in itself.
2) pressure sensor is the complexity for considering actual working environment, according to enterprise's assembly equipment characteristic, joint bolt
Designed by size itself and designed testpieces size, this is designed as patty, is meeting range and high accuracy
On the premise of, reduce the thickness of pressure sensor in itself.
3) bolt testpieces is fixed in the groove of vibration level amplifying device, and testpieces uses interference fits with groove, and its is excellent
Point is the twisting that prevents testpieces, increases its stability, on the other hand dismounts more convenient, and vibration level amplifying device, which is fixed on, to shake
On the exciting table top of dynamic platform, so as to overcome the shortcoming that bolt connection piece is difficult to directly be clamped on shake table exciting table top.
4) vibration level amplifying device is integrally formed by upper saddle, connecting rod and low bottom-disc, and three positions are used as an entirety, vibration
Signal is the components interior transmission in global formation, and vibration level amplification effect is good.Shake table exciting can significantly be amplified during resonance
The vibration level of table top, accelerates the effect that bolt pretightening is decayed during vibration, simple and practical, easy to operate.
5) combination of package unit, the frequency and amplitude of oscillating load can either be adjusted according to actual needs, again can be real
When measurement vibration environment under bolt clamping force decay change.Effective test experiments scheme is provided for Practical Project problem.
According to the data obtained by experiment, handled through processor and obtain bolt relaxation rule, and then to solve the problems, such as that Practical Project is provided
Foundation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a whole set of test system schematic diagram under vibration environment.
Fig. 2 is clamping force attenuation test experiment connector.
Fig. 3 is vibration level amplifying device schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the top view of vibration level amplifying device.
Embodiment
For measuring the device that bolt clamping force decay is loaded and changed with oscillating load under vibration environment, including spiral shell in real time
Tether fitting (2), four-way amplifier, data collecting card, signal generator, power amplifier, shake table, vibration level amplifying device
(1), charge amplifier, oscillograph and processor.
With reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further illustrated：
A kind of method that bolt clamping force is decayed under real-time measurement vibration environment, step one：Processor control signal occurs
Device output amplitude and frequency can independence and the sinusoidal excitation signal that continuously adjusts, key player on a team's pumping signal is defeated through power amplifier
Enter shake table；
Vibration level amplifying device (1) is fixed on the exciting table top (5) of shake table moving component (6), vibration level amplifying device (1)
Including upper saddle (15), the low bottom-disc (18) being fixed on exciting table top (5) and the upper saddle (15) of connection and low bottom-disc (18)
Connecting rod (17)；The area of section of connecting rod (17) is less than the area of section of upper saddle (15), and the area of section of connecting rod (17) is less than
The area of section of low bottom-disc (18)；
First acceleration transducer (4) is installed on the upper surface of low bottom-disc (18), and the second acceleration transducer (3) is installed on
The upper surface of upper saddle (15), the first acceleration transducer (4) is connected with the first input channel of charge amplifier, and second accelerates
Degree sensor (3) is connected with the second input channel of charge amplifier, two output channels of charge amplifier respectively with oscillography
Device is connected, and oscillograph is connected with processor；
Specifically, bolt connection piece (2) is placed in the groove (16) of saddle (15) and its connecting rod (17), is put in vibration level
Load loading is carried out to bolt connection piece (2) under the resonant oscillation frequency of big device (1).First acceleration transducer (4) it is defeated
Go out the output vibration level of characterization shake table, the output signal of the second acceleration transducer (3) characterizes vibration level amplifying device (1)
Vibration level is exported, the output vibration level of vibration level amplifying device (1) is the vibration level acted on bolt connection piece (2).Processor is real-time
Show the output vibration level of shake table and the output vibration level of vibration level amplifying device (1).Under the resonant frequency of vibration level amplifying device (1)
During exciting, the output vibration level of vibration level amplifying device (1) is more than the output vibration level of shake table, so as to improve bolt clamping force change
Amplitude.
Step 2：According to actual condition, force analysis is carried out to bolt and its bolt connection piece (2), calculate bolt and
Its connector is not in the case where being damaged, the maximum load F that bolt can bearmax。
Step 3：The bolt testpieces (2) for having loaded torque is fixed in the groove of upper saddle (15) (16), the first pressure
Force snesor (9) and second pressure sensor (13) are connected respectively to K and L * channel on four-way amplifier, four-way amplification
Device output end, red line meets the positive 24Vdc of power supply, and brown connects power supply and bears 0V, and K channel is by green and orange both threads and data
Capture card is connected, and green is connecing signal just, and the orange signal that connects is born.L * channel is by purple and pink colour both threads and data collecting card
It is connected, purple is connecing signal just, pink colour connects signal and born.After four-way amplifier is connected with data collecting card, pass through capture card USB numbers
According to line so that data collecting card is connected with being provided with the computer of acquisition software.
Step 4：Vibration on Start-up platform carries out vibration experiment, while computer software record bolt clamping force changes with time.
Step 5：Above-mentioned experimentation is repeated, changes the amplitude and frequency of loaded load successively, respectively
F-t curves under to different loads, by the comprehensive analysis to experimental data, are obtained in the case where changing loading frequency and loading amplitude
Bolt clamping force power with the attenuation law of time, the attenuation law based on bolt clamping force sets up the mathematical modulo of bolt relaxation
Type, and then to solve the problems, such as that Practical Project provides theoretical foundation.
Claims (5)
1. the device that bolt clamping force is decayed under a kind of real-time measurement vibration environment, it is characterised in that：By two pressure sensors
It is sandwiched in respectively in the middle of bolt head and surface of test piece, two connectors are with two bolt connections up and down, the bolt experiment connected
Part is placed on vibration level amplifying device, and the sinusoidal excitation for exporting different frequency and amplitude by processor control signal generator is believed
Number, with the loading of oscillating load, the mechanical signal of acquisition is amplified, then adopted by data collecting card by four-way amplifier
Collection, is finally handled by computer software and obtains bolt clamping force and change with time data；
The device includes：Force moment spanner with digital display, first pressure sensor (9), second pressure sensor (13), the first bolt (8),
Second bolt (14), the first nut (10), the second nut (12), upper connector (7), lower connector (11), four-way amplifier,
Data collecting card, capture card binding post, capture card USB data line, signal generator, power amplifier, shake table, vibration level are put
Big device (1), charge amplifier, oscillograph and processor；Two pressure sensors are bolted to bolt with two respectively
On connector, moment of torsion is loaded with force moment spanner with digital display；The connector connected is placed in vibration level amplifying device groove, such as figure one
It is shown；Apply oscillating load using shake table, it is therefore an objective to Acceleration study process, shorten the bolt clamping force decay time used；
Shake table can change the amplitude and frequency of the load of loading, while the number of times of controllable loading；
Bolt connection piece device is upper connector (7), the first bolt (8), the second bolt (14), first pressure successively from top to bottom
Sensor (9), second pressure sensor (13), lower connector (11), the first nut (10) and the second nut (12)；Upper connector
(7) contacted with lower connector (11) by the contact surface of fixed dimension；First bolt (8) and the second bolt (14) pass through digital display power
Square spanner is tightened；First pressure sensor (9) is connected between the first bolt (8) and upper connector (7), second pressure sensor
(13) it is connected between the second bolt (14) and upper connector (7), first pressure sensor (9) and second pressure sensor (13)
K and L * channel on four-way amplifier, four-way amplifier out are connected respectively to, red line meets the positive 24Vdc of power supply, palm fibre
Color connects power supply and bears 0V, and K channel is to be connected by green and orange both threads with data collecting card, and green is connecing signal just, orange to connect
Signal is born；L * channel is to be connected by purple and pink colour both threads with data collecting card, and purple is connecing signal just, and pink colour connects signal and born；
After four-way amplifier is connected with data collecting card, data collecting card is caused by capture card USB data line and collection is installed
The computer of software is connected；Simultaneous data-collecting card needs capture card power supply adaptor and provides electricity consumption for it；The experiment number measured
According to being transferred in real time in computer software, the change of bolt clamping force is monitored by data collecting system in real time.
2. the device that bolt clamping force is decayed under a kind of real-time measurement vibration environment according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：Upper connector (7) and lower connector (11) are T-shaped component, and structure is identical, and material uses 35CrMo, and size meets intensity
And rigidity requirement, outside transitional region is using rounding processing.
3. the device that bolt clamping force is decayed under a kind of real-time measurement vibration environment according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：Vibration level amplifying device (1) includes upper saddle (15), low bottom-disc (18), connecting rod (17), and low bottom-disc (18) is fixed on exciting table top
(5) on, saddle (15) is connected with low bottom-disc (18) by connecting rod (17) in connection, and the area of section of connecting rod (17) is less than upper saddle
(15) area of section, and area of section of the area of section less than low bottom-disc (18) of connecting rod (17)；Opened on upper saddle (15)
There is the groove (16) being engaged with bolt testpieces (2)；Bolt testpieces (2) is fixed in the groove of saddle (15) (16).
4. the device that bolt clamping force is decayed under a kind of real-time measurement vibration environment according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：By bolt testpieces (2) clamping on upper saddle (15), the second acceleration transducer (3) is arranged on upper saddle (15), the
One acceleration transducer (4) is arranged on low bottom-disc (18)；First acceleration transducer (4) and the second acceleration transducer (3)
It is piezoelectric acceleration transducer；Low bottom-disc (18) is fixed on the exciting table top (5) of shake table, low bottom-disc (18) and pop-up
Platform (15) is connected by connecting rod (17)；The signal link connected between processor and signal generator and oscillograph；Connect
Signal link between signal generator and power amplifier；The signal connected between acceleration transducer and charge amplifier connects
Line；The signal link connected between charge amplifier and oscillograph；Connect processor, power amplifier, signal generator, electric charge
Amplifier, oscillograph, the power supply of shake table.
5. a kind of method that bolt clamping force is decayed under real-time measurement vibration environment, it is characterised in that：Step one：Processor is controlled
Signal generator output amplitude and frequency can independence and the sinusoidal excitation signal that continuously adjusts, key player on a team's pumping signal is through power
Amplifier inputted vibration platform；
Vibration level amplifying device (1) is fixed on the exciting table top (5) of shake table moving component (6), and vibration level amplifying device (1) includes
The connecting rod of upper saddle (15), the low bottom-disc (18) being fixed on exciting table top (5) and the upper saddle (15) of connection and low bottom-disc (18)
(17)；The area of section of connecting rod (17) is less than the area of section of upper saddle (15), and the area of section of connecting rod (17) is less than bottom
The area of section of disk (18)；
First acceleration transducer (4) is installed on the upper surface of low bottom-disc (18), and the second acceleration transducer (3) is installed on pop-up
The upper surface of platform (15), the first acceleration transducer (4) is connected with the first input channel of charge amplifier, and the second acceleration is passed
Sensor (3) is connected with the second input channel of charge amplifier, and two output channels of charge amplifier connect with oscillograph respectively
Connect, oscillograph is connected with processor；
Bolt connection piece (2) is placed in the groove (16) of saddle (15) and its connecting rod (17), in being total to for vibration level amplifying device (1)
Load loading is carried out to bolt connection piece (2) under vibrational frequency；The output signal of first acceleration transducer (4) characterizes vibration
The output vibration level of platform, the output signal of the second acceleration transducer (3) characterizes the output vibration level of vibration level amplifying device (1), vibration level
The output vibration level of amplifying device (1) is the vibration level acted on bolt connection piece (2)；Processor shows the defeated of shake table in real time
Go out the output vibration level of vibration level and vibration level amplifying device (1)；Under the resonant frequency of vibration level amplifying device (1) during exciting, vibration level is put
The output vibration level of big device (1) is more than the output vibration level of shake table, so as to improve the amplitude of bolt clamping force change；
Step 2：According to actual condition, force analysis is carried out to bolt and its bolt connection piece (2), bolt and its company is calculated
Fitting is not in the case where being damaged, the maximum load F that bolt can bearmax；
Step 3：The bolt testpieces (2) for having loaded torque is fixed in the groove of upper saddle (15) (16), first pressure is passed
Sensor (9) and second pressure sensor (13) are connected respectively to K and L * channel on four-way amplifier, and four-way amplifier is defeated
Go out end, red line meets the positive 24Vdc of power supply, and brown connects power supply and bears 0V, and K channel is by green and orange both threads and data acquisition
Card is connected, and green is connecing signal just, and the orange signal that connects is born；L * channel is to be connected by purple and pink colour both threads with data collecting card,
Purple is connecing signal just, and pink colour connects signal and born；After four-way amplifier is connected with data collecting card, pass through capture card USB data line
So that data collecting card is connected with being provided with the computer of acquisition software；
Step 4：Vibration on Start-up platform carries out vibration experiment, while computer software record bolt clamping force changes with time；
Step 5：Above-mentioned experimentation is repeated, changes the amplitude and frequency of loaded load successively, respectively obtains not
With the F-t curves under load, by the comprehensive analysis to experimental data, the spiral shell in the case where changing loading frequency and loading amplitude is obtained
Bolt clamps attenuation law of the force with the time, and the attenuation law based on bolt clamping force is set up the mathematical modeling of bolt relaxation, entered
And to solve the problems, such as that Practical Project provides theoretical foundation.
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| CN201710548922.XA CN107314854A (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2017-07-07 | The device and method that bolt clamping force is decayed under a kind of real-time measurement vibration environment |
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| CN201710548922.XA CN107314854A (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2017-07-07 | The device and method that bolt clamping force is decayed under a kind of real-time measurement vibration environment |
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| 李海江等: "横向振动作用下螺纹联接松动过程的实验研究", 《清华大学学报》 * |
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Application publication date: 20171103 |