CN107313253A - 一种针对脆弱印绘类丝织品文物加固的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及文物保护领域,公开了一种针对脆弱印绘类丝织品文物加固的方法,步骤为:(A)于室温下,将EGDE溶于有机溶剂W1中,搅拌,得到混合液A;(B)于室温下,将丙氨酸溶于有机溶剂W2中,搅拌,得到混合液B;(C)取脆弱印绘类丝织品文物样,均匀喷洒混合液B,然后均匀喷洒混合液A,依次交替6~8次,于室温下阴干。(D)用去离子水配制溶液E,将其均匀涂刷于经过(C)处理的丝织品文物的正反面,自然晾干后得到加固后的文物样。本发明采用同源加固法,可使脆弱丝织品的断裂强力、断裂伸长、热分解性能等都得到很大的提高,与此同时脆弱丝织品的其他性能并未受到破坏,达到了文物保护“修旧如旧”的基本宗旨。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及,尤其涉及一种针对脆弱印绘类丝织品文物加固的方法。
背景技术
印绘类丝织品文物是由蚕丝组成,一种天然纤维,容易受到多种外界环境因素影响而发生纤维降解,如温度,湿度,酸碱性和细菌等。纤维降解使得以丝织品为载体的文物更易朽烂。并且古人作画时出于使丝织品不晕色,固色和保护丝织品的目的,常常是要对画布进行涂刷胶矾水。但明矾在保护丝织品的同时会产生酸性物质使丝织品发黄变脆,胶则易遭虫蛀。加之许多宝贵的文物在被发掘之前常年埋藏在地底下,出土后环境的剧变也会加速丝织品的老化。相较于其他类型的文物来说,印绘类丝织品的颜料有来源自植物、动物或矿物质,颜料耐光牢度较差,具有较强的光敏感性,其中尤以植物染料为甚。在光照下,植物染料容易发生化学反应,产生一定的色彩偏离。
由于印绘类丝织文物的宝贵性和脆弱性,针对脆弱染色丝绸的加固保护已经是到了刻不容缓的地步。保护措施在主要以提高脆弱丝绸强度的同时,也应尽可能真实的还原丝绸的原来色彩。较为常见的加固方法有物理加固法,化学加固法和生物加固法。这几种方法都取得了一定的加固效果但同时也都具有一定的局限性。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种针对脆弱印绘类丝织品文物加固的方法,本发明采用同源加固法,它可以使脆弱丝织品的断裂强力、断裂伸长、热分解性能等都得到很大的提高,与此同时脆弱丝织品的其他性能并未受到破坏,达到了文物保护“修旧如旧”的基本宗旨。
本发明的具体技术方案为:一种针对脆弱印绘类丝织品文物加固的方法,步骤如下:
(A)于室温下,将2.5-3.5质量份的EGDE溶于30~60质量份的有机溶剂W1中,搅拌3~5min,得到混合液A;
(B)于室温下,将1.3~1.9质量份的丙氨酸和0.4-0.6质量份的鱼鳔变性提取物溶于90~100质量份的有机溶剂W2中,搅拌5~8min,得到混合液B;
(C)取脆弱印绘类丝织品文物样,均匀喷洒混合液B,10~15min后均匀喷洒混合液A,依次交替6~8次,于室温下阴干。
(D)用去离子水配制溶液E,将其均匀涂刷于经过(C)处理的丝织品文物的正反面,自然晾干后得到加固后的文物样。
作为优选,所述有机溶剂W1为无水乙醇。
作为优选,所述有机溶剂W1为混合溶剂,其成分为无水乙醇,去离子水,体积比为1~1.2:1。
作为优选,所述溶液E是混合溶液,其成分为质量分数为1~3%的明胶溶液,质量分数为0.5~1.5%的明矾溶液,体积比为0.9~1.3:1。
作为优选,所述鱼鳔变性提取物的制备方法如下:取新鲜鱼鳔洗净,将其浸没于水中高压蒸煮1-2h,取出去除水分,置于容器中搅拌0.5-1.5h,然后将其添加至浓度为0.05-0.15wt%的碱性蛋白酶水溶液中进行酶解,酶解后在110-130℃下灭酶,过滤,浓缩、干燥后制得鱼鳔提取物,最后将鱼鳔提取物在丙酮溶液中浸泡0.5-1.5h,取出干燥后制得鱼鳔变性提取物。
本发明采用热水提取以及酶解法提取鱼鳔中的胶原蛋白,上述特殊方法制得的鱼鳔提取物粘性非常大,且与丝蛋白均属于蛋白质,具有一定的同源性,非常适合用于丝织品加固剂。且其来源于天然产物,与有机合成加固剂相比,不含甲醛,安全无毒害,符合文物保护最小干预原则,不会对文物造成二次损害。为了进一步提高蛋白的黏性,灭酶时采用高温,使蛋白质变性,然后再浸泡于丙酮中,进一步提高蛋白的黏性。
作为优选,溶液pH为7.5-9,酶解温度为30-40℃,酶解时间为2-4h。
为了进一步提高蛋白的黏性,在酶解时特意采用碱性环境,使蛋白质变性,提高其黏性。
与现有技术对比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本方法解决了印绘丝织文物色彩还原问题,使用乙醇/水为溶剂进行加固,减少水的用量,使加固后印绘类丝织品出现的色差偏离现象减轻。
2、本方法是一种实用型同源加固技术,使用丙氨酸和蛋白作为加固剂,通过对多肽链的结构重组提高印绘类丝织品机械性能,而并不明显改变其色泽、风格等古代纺织品特有属性。
3、采用胶矾溶液二次加固,阻止丝织文物进一步老化。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
实施例1:
一种针对脆弱印绘类丝织品文物加固的方法,包括如下步骤:
(A)于室温下,将2.5质量份的EGDE溶于30质量份的有机溶剂W1中,搅拌5min,得到混合液A。
(B)于室温下,将1.3质量份的丙氨酸和0.5质量份的鱼鳔变性提取物溶于90质量份的有机溶剂W2中,搅拌5min,得到混合液B。
(C)取脆弱印绘类丝织品文物样,均匀喷洒混合液B,10min后均匀喷洒混合液A,依次交替8次,于室温下阴干。
(D)用去离子水配制溶液E,将其均匀涂刷于经过(C)处理的丝织品文物的正反面,自然晾干后得到加固后的文物样。
上述步骤中:有机溶剂W1为无水乙醇;有机溶剂W2为混合溶剂,其成分为无水乙醇,去离子水,体积比为1:1;溶液E是混合溶液,其成分为质量分数为3%的明胶溶液,质量分数为1.5%的明矾溶液,体积比为1.3:1。
所述鱼鳔变性提取物的制备方法如下:取新鲜鱼鳔洗净,将其浸没于水中高压蒸煮1.5h,取出去除水分,置于容器中搅拌1h,然后将其添加至浓度为0.1wt%的碱性蛋白酶水溶液中进行酶解,溶液pH为8,酶解温度为35℃,酶解时间为3h。酶解后在120℃下灭酶,过滤,浓缩、干燥后制得鱼鳔提取物,最后将鱼鳔提取物在丙酮溶液中浸泡1h,取出干燥后制得鱼鳔变性提取物。
实施例2:
一种针对脆弱印绘类丝织品文物加固的方法,包括如下步骤:
(A)于室温下,将3质量份的EGDE溶于40质量份的有机溶剂W1中,搅拌3min,得到混合液A。
(B)于室温下,将1.3质量份的丙氨酸和0.4质量份的鱼鳔变性提取物溶于100质量份的有机溶剂W2中,搅拌5min,得到混合液B。
(C)取脆弱印绘类丝织品文物样,均匀喷洒混合液B,10min后均匀喷洒混合液A,依次交替6次,于室温下阴干。
(D)用去离子水配制溶液E,将其均匀涂刷于经过(C)处理的丝织品文物的正反面,自然晾干后得到加固后的文物样。
上述步骤中:有机溶剂W1为无水乙醇;有机溶剂W2为混合溶剂,其成分为无水乙醇,去离子水,体积比为1.2:1;溶液E是混合溶液,其成分为质量分数为3%的明胶溶液,质量分数为1.5%的明矾溶液,体积比为1.3:1。
所述鱼鳔变性提取物的制备方法如下:取新鲜鱼鳔洗净,将其浸没于水中高压蒸煮1h,取出去除水分,置于容器中搅拌0.5h,然后将其添加至浓度为0.05wt%的碱性蛋白酶水溶液中进行酶解,溶液pH为7.5,酶解温度为30℃,酶解时间为4h。酶解后在110℃下灭酶,过滤,浓缩、干燥后制得鱼鳔提取物,最后将鱼鳔提取物在丙酮溶液中浸泡0.5h,取出干燥后制得鱼鳔变性提取物。
实施例3:
一种针对脆弱印绘类丝织品文物加固的方法,包括如下步骤:
(A)于室温下,将3.5质量份的EGDE溶于50质量份的有机溶剂W1中,搅拌5min,得到混合液A。
(B)于室温下,将1.9质量份的丙氨酸和0.6质量份的鱼鳔变性提取物溶于90质量份的有机溶剂W2中,搅拌8min,得到混合液B。
(C)取脆弱印绘类丝织品文物样,均匀喷洒混合液B,10min后均匀喷洒混合液A,依次交替6次,于室温下阴干。
(D)用去离子水配制溶液E,将其均匀涂刷于经过(C)处理的丝织品文物的正反面,自然晾干后得到加固后的文物样。
上述步骤中:有机溶剂W1为无水乙醇;有机溶剂W2为混合溶剂,其成分为无水乙醇,去离子水,体积比为1:1;溶液E是混合溶液,其成分为质量分数为1%的明胶溶液,质量分数为1.5%的明矾溶液,体积比为0.9:1。
所述鱼鳔变性提取物的制备方法如下:取新鲜鱼鳔洗净,将其浸没于水中高压蒸煮2h,取出去除水分,置于容器中搅拌1.5h,然后将其添加至浓度为0.15wt%的碱性蛋白酶水溶液中进行酶解,溶液pH为9,酶解温度为40℃,酶解时间为4h。酶解后在130℃下灭酶,过滤,浓缩、干燥后制得鱼鳔提取物,最后将鱼鳔提取物在丙酮溶液中浸泡1.5h,取出干燥后制得鱼鳔变性提取物。
实施例4:
一种针对脆弱印绘类丝织品文物加固的方法,包括如下步骤:
(A)于室温下,将2.5质量份的EGDE溶于60质量份的有机溶剂W1中,搅拌3min,得到混合液A。
(B)于室温下,将1.9质量份的丙氨酸和0.5质量份的鱼鳔变性提取物溶于100质量份的有机溶剂W2中,搅拌5min,得到混合液B。
(C)取脆弱印绘类丝织品文物样,均匀喷洒混合液B,15min后均匀喷洒混合液A,依次交替6次,于室温下阴干。
(D)用去离子水配制溶液E,将其均匀涂刷于经过(C)处理的丝织品文物的正反面,自然晾干后得到加固后的文物样。
上述步骤中:有机溶剂W1为无水乙醇;有机溶剂W2为混合溶剂,其成分为无水乙醇,去离子水,体积比为1.2:1;溶液E是混合溶液,其成分为质量分数为3%的明胶溶液,质量分数为1.5%的明矾溶液,体积比为1.3:1。
所述鱼鳔变性提取物的制备方法如下:取新鲜鱼鳔洗净,将其浸没于水中高压蒸煮1.5h,取出去除水分,置于容器中搅拌1h,然后将其添加至浓度为0.1wt%的碱性蛋白酶水溶液中进行酶解,溶液pH为8,酶解温度为35℃,酶解时间为3h。酶解后在120℃下灭酶,过滤,浓缩、干燥后制得鱼鳔提取物,最后将鱼鳔提取物在丙酮溶液中浸泡1h,取出干燥后制得鱼鳔变性提取物。
本发明中所用原料、设备,若无特别说明,均为本领域的常用原料、设备;本发明中所用方法,若无特别说明,均为本领域的常规方法。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何限制,凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效变换,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种针对脆弱印绘类丝织品文物加固的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
(A)于室温下,将2.5-3.5质量份的EGDE溶于30~60质量份的有机溶剂W1中,搅拌3~5min,得到混合液A;
(B)于室温下,将1.3~1.9质量份的丙氨酸和0.4-0.6质量份的鱼鳔变性提取物溶于90~100质量份的有机溶剂W2中,搅拌5~8min,得到混合液B;
(C)取脆弱印绘类丝织品文物样,均匀喷洒混合液B,10~15min后均匀喷洒混合液A,依次交替6~8次,于室温下阴干;
(D)用去离子水配制溶液E,将其均匀涂刷于经过(C)处理的丝织品文物的正反面,自然晾干后得到加固后的文物样。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种针对脆弱印绘类丝织品文物加固的方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂W1为无水乙醇。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种针对脆弱印绘类丝织品文物加固的方法,其特征在于, 所述有机溶剂W1为混合溶剂,其成分为无水乙醇,去离子水,体积比为1~1.2:1。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种针对脆弱印绘类丝织品文物加固的方法,其特征在于,所述溶液E是混合溶液,其成分为质量分数为1~3%的明胶溶液,质量分数为0.5~1.5%的明矾溶液,体积比为0.9~1.3:1。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种针对脆弱印绘类丝织品文物加固的方法,其特征在于,所述鱼鳔变性提取物的制备方法如下:取新鲜鱼鳔洗净,将其浸没于水中高压蒸煮1-2h,取出去除水分,置于容器中搅拌0.5-1.5h,然后将其添加至浓度为0.05-0.15wt%的碱性蛋白酶水溶液中进行酶解,酶解后在110-130℃下灭酶,过滤,浓缩、干燥后制得鱼鳔提取物,最后将鱼鳔提取物在丙酮溶液中浸泡0.5-1.5h,取出干燥后制得鱼鳔变性提取物。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种针对脆弱印绘类丝织品文物加固的方法,其特征在于,溶液pH为7.5-9,酶解温度为30-40℃,酶解时间为2-4h。
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