CN107312571A - 复合型催化活性剂 - Google Patents

复合型催化活性剂 Download PDF

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CN107312571A
CN107312571A CN201710566575.3A CN201710566575A CN107312571A CN 107312571 A CN107312571 A CN 107312571A CN 201710566575 A CN201710566575 A CN 201710566575A CN 107312571 A CN107312571 A CN 107312571A
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吕保樱
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Guangxi University of Science and Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/002Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/74Iron group metals
    • B01J23/755Nickel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2523/00Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983Additives
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

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Abstract

本发明公开一种复合型催化活性剂,涉及活性剂技术领域,它的成分包括碳转化促进剂40%~60%、碳转化诱导剂1%~3%、由纳米铁20%~40%、纳米铝20%~40%和纳米铜20%~40%组成的产气催化剂10%~20%、由多孔γ‑Al2O340%~60%、NiO 20%~30%和Fe2O320%~40%组成的产气催化剂载体及其稳定剂10%~20%和氧化钙固体15%~25%,碳转化诱导剂为钇、镧、铈类稀土金属中的一种金属氧化物或几种金属氧化物用硼氢化钠还原后所得的混合物;与现有技术相比,本发明由五种组分组配而成,五个组分协同作用使得整个造气反应活性及转化率更高,消耗能源和排放废气更少。

Description

复合型催化活性剂
技术领域
本发明涉及活性剂技术领域,尤其是一种复合型催化活性剂。
背景技术
水煤气变换催化剂的工业化应用已有 80 多年的历史, 在合成氨、合成甲醇、制氢和城市煤气工业中得到了广泛的应用。由于合成氨工业过程要消耗大量的蒸汽, 为达到节能降耗的目的, 需降低合成氨厂各工段的蒸汽用量. 80 年代以来,各种节能型流程相继开发成功,如布朗流程、AMC 和LCA 工艺等。 因此,研制适合新工艺的节能型催化剂, 特别是能适用于低水碳比条件下的变换催化剂成为必然的趋势。
水煤气变换 (WGS) 反应 (CO+H2O=CO2+H2 △H298=-41.2 kJ/mol; △G298=-28.6 kJ/mol) 是利用CO的还原性从水获取氢气的经典途径,但反应过程涉及的高效催化剂是关键。因此,提高催化剂的活性主要就是针对应用焦炭转化成CO的步骤以及CO和水蒸气反应的步骤,而这两个关键步骤则为合成氨制造尿素或者其他化肥类产品的造气最重要的步骤,如果能够提高这两步的化学反应速率,降低反应活化能,就能能够大大降低合成氨工艺中燃料所耗费的焦炭原料,同时应用复合型催化剂还能降低该反应的副产物,使得烟尘、粉尘等后处理成本大大降低,因此,高效的复合型催化活性剂在合成氨及其相关产业中有着广泛的应用,有着十分重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题是提供一种能够加速煤在热解过程中各种结合键的断裂,从而增强焦炭的热化学反应活性的复合型催化活性剂。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
由下列重量百分比的组分组成:
碳转化促进剂40%~60%、碳转化诱导剂1%~3%、产气催化剂10%~20%、产气催化剂载体及其稳定剂10%~20%和复合固硫剂15%~25%;
其中:所述的碳转化促进剂为醇基燃料中的一种或两种以上的组合;所述的产气催化剂按摩尔百分比计,由纳米铁20%~40%、纳米铝20%~40%和纳米铜20%~40%组成;
所述的产气催化剂载体及其稳定剂为由多孔γ-Al2O340%~60%、NiO 20%~30%和Fe2O320%~40%组成;
所述的复合固硫剂为氧化钙固体;
所述碳转化诱导剂为钇、镧、铈类稀土金属中的一种金属氧化物或几种金属氧化物用硼氢化钠还原后所得的混合物。
上述技术方案中,更具体的方案还可以是:所述醇基燃料为包括含有1~12个碳的直链或支链醇类。
进一步的:所述醇基燃料为甲醇或乙醇或丁醇或异庚醇或直链辛醇。
本发明所述复合型催化活性剂主要应用于在合成氨工业中造气工艺的催化产气,以达到节约煤炭用量,改善工况条件,降低烟尘等相关废气的排放,提高产气效率,达到节能降耗减排的目的。
上述复合型催化活性剂的各组分的作用如下:
碳转化促进剂的作用是,当混有复合型催化活性剂的燃煤进入燃烧区时,水分子升入炉膛空间,以产气催化剂为中心形成许多催化热点,促进了游离碳粒与水蒸气充分接触,从而提高了碳与水蒸气反应生成一氧化碳和氢气的比例,同时,该碳转化促进剂可以诱导碳在相对较低的温度下实现燃烧提供热量,使得碳与水蒸气反应所需的能量得到保证。第二,复合型催化活性剂中的碳转化诱导剂成分,混有复合型催化活性剂的碳与水蒸气在碳转化诱导剂作用下,能更好的发挥产气催化剂,使得造气反应更加完全的进行,提高了一氧化碳的转化效率,使得煤可以在相对消耗较少的情况下产生足量的一氧化碳和氢气。第三,一些劣质煤中有很多不可燃的矿物质,燃烧过程中,只是这类矿物质包裹在煤的表面,使得表面的煤得到燃烧,而在内部无法接触到水蒸气和空气,使得燃烧很不完全,加入复合型催化活性剂后,催化剂在灰渣中形成催化中心,使得内部无法接触到空气和水蒸气的煤块也可以得以充分转化,有害气体的排放大大降低。第四,产气催化剂载体及其稳定剂在一定程度上能够使得产气催化剂性质更稳定,减少催化剂在反应过程中的中毒和转化现象,使得催化造气反应可以更顺利的进行。第五,使用本复合型催化活性剂后,在固硫剂作用下,可以使得煤中的硫与煤渣和石头中的铁、钙、硅等成分形成类似水泥的结构,使得硫固定在煤渣中,使得硫氧化合物的去除率大大增加。实验结果证明,对于劣质煤而言,使用此复合型催化活性剂能够使得转化反应更加完全,提高造气效率,降低煤的消耗。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下有益效果:
本发明采用的助燃剂、催化剂、稳定剂、诱导剂和固硫剂五种组分组配而成,五个组分协同作用使得整个造气反应活性更高,尤其是在添加了碳转化诱导剂后,转化率更高,消耗能源更少,排放废气更少,这种工艺是对现有技术的突破和发展,能够起到资源充分作用,符合目前国家提倡的节能减排意识,兼具十分广阔的应用前景和产业开发价值。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
以下各实施例中涉及的百分比均为重量百分比(催化剂成分为摩尔百分比)。
实施例1:
复合型催化活性剂的组成如下:
碳转化促进剂:液态甲醇50kg;
碳转化诱导剂:钇的氧化物用硼氢化钠还原后所得的混合物1kg,反应式为:
产气催化剂:10kg,由30%的纳米铁、40%的纳米铝和30%的纳米铜组成;
稳定剂:15kg,由γ-Al2O340%、NiO 30%和Fe2O330%组成组成。
固硫剂:氧化钙20kg。
其制备方法为:
先将除促进剂外其他固体粉碎混匀,之后将它们与液态促进剂混合均匀,调节成液体悬浊液或者固体糊状,即得到复合型催化活性剂。
实施例2:
复合型催化活性剂的组成如下:
碳转化促进剂:液态乙醇45kg;
碳转化诱导剂:镧的氧化物用硼氢化钠还原后所得的混合物2kg,反应式为:
产气催化剂:15kg,由35%的纳米铁、35%的纳米铝和30%的纳米铜组成;
稳定剂:20kg,由γ-Al2O350%、NiO 20%和Fe2O330%组成组成。
固硫剂:氧化钙20kg。
其制备方法为:
先将除促进剂外其他固体粉碎混匀,之后将它们与液态促进剂混合均匀,调节成液体悬浊液或者固体糊状,即得到复合型催化活性剂。
实施例3:
碳转化促进剂:液态直链辛醇45kg;
碳转化诱导剂:铈的氧化物用硼氢化钠还原后所得的混合物1kg,反应式为:
产气催化剂:15kg,由35%的纳米铁、35%的纳米铝和30%的纳米铜组成;
稳定剂:20kg,由γ-Al2O350%、NiO 20%和Fe2O330%组成组成。
固硫剂:氧化钙20kg。
其制备方法为:
先将除促进剂外其他固体粉碎混匀,之后将它们与液态促进剂混合均匀,调节成液体悬浊液或者固体糊状,即得到复合型催化活性剂。
实验部分:
焦炭在链条炉中与水蒸气的产气实验
以热值为5000cal/kg的烟煤链条炉制造水煤气的实验。
在1 T/H的链条式蒸汽锅炉中进行试验,试验采用实施例2制备的复合型催化活性剂,按3%(重量)的比例加入,实验结果如下述表1所示。
表1:
由此可知,在500℃工矿条件下,锅炉的热效率提高17%,CO转化率提高32%,二氧化硫的排放量降低62%;在600℃工矿条件下,锅炉的热效率提高18%,CO转化率提高24%,二氧化硫的排放量降低60%。

Claims (3)

1.一种复合型催化活性剂,由下列重量百分比的组分组成:
碳转化促进剂40%~60%、碳转化诱导剂1%~3%、产气催化剂10%~20%、产气催化剂载体及其稳定剂10%~20%和复合固硫剂15%~25%;
其中:
所述的碳转化促进剂为醇基燃料中的一种或两种以上的组合;所述的产气催化剂按摩尔百分比计,由纳米铁20%~40%、纳米铝20%~40%和纳米铜20%~40%组成;
所述的产气催化剂载体及其稳定剂为由多孔γ-Al2O340%~60%、NiO 20%~30%和Fe2O320%~40%组成;
所述的复合固硫剂为氧化钙固体;
其特征在于:所述碳转化诱导剂为钇、镧、铈类稀土金属中的一种金属氧化物或几种金属氧化物用硼氢化钠还原后所得的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合型催化活性剂,其特征在于:所述醇基燃料为包括含有1~12个碳的直链或支链醇类。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合型催化活性剂,其特征在于:所述醇基燃料为甲醇、乙醇、丁醇、异庚醇或直链辛醇。
CN201710566575.3A 2017-07-12 2017-07-12 复合型催化活性剂 Pending CN107312571A (zh)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1428406A (zh) * 2001-12-28 2003-07-09 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种改善焦炭热性质的方法
CN104925754A (zh) * 2015-05-20 2015-09-23 广西科技大学 复合型催化活性剂

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1428406A (zh) * 2001-12-28 2003-07-09 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种改善焦炭热性质的方法
CN104925754A (zh) * 2015-05-20 2015-09-23 广西科技大学 复合型催化活性剂

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
耿家锐: "催化剂对焦炭反应性的影响及机理研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技I辑》 *

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Application publication date: 20171103