CN107307331A - 鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物,其制备方法包括:熬煮法除去骨油和残血、NaCl溶液除杂蛋白、正丁醇溶液脱除脂肪、柠檬酸溶液提取、风味蛋白酶酶解提取。有益效果为:本发明鲅鱼鱼骨提取物,该活性提取物可用于功能饮品和保健品中,促进人体对对钙磷等金属离子及微量成分的吸收,具有较大的市场潜力;采用酸法提取和酶法提取相结合的提取方法,增加活性提取物的得率,提高活性提取物的浓度和纯度;原料来源于鲅鱼鱼骨,可提高鲅鱼附加值,减少环境污染,获得良好的经济效益和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及鱼类产品深加工技术领域,尤其是涉及鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物。
背景技术
鲅鱼(Scomberomorus niphonius)学名为蓝点马鲛,属于鲈形目鲅科,俗称燕鱼、青箭等。鲅鱼肉质细嫩、营养丰富,每100g鱼肉含蛋白质19g、脂肪2.5g,除此之外富含维生素A和多种矿物质等营养元素。鲅鱼是我国北方海区重要的经济鱼类,资源丰富,鲅鱼有洄游特性,无法人工养殖,捕捞产品主要以鲜食为主,加工水平较低。鲅鱼加工后存在大量的下脚料,如鱼头、鱼皮、鱼鳍、鱼尾、鱼骨及其残留鱼肉等,所占比例非常大,其重量约占整鱼的55~65%。下脚料不仅所占比例大,所含营养成分种类和数量也很可观:鱼头、鱼皮、鱼骨刺混合物中蛋白质含量达14%,油脂为9%,充分利用这些成分,不仅可提高附加值,同时可减少环境污染,获得良好的经济效益。
鲅鱼鱼骨的蛋白质含量高、脂肪含量低,并且含有丰富的钙、磷等矿物质。鱼骨中的钙含量比猪、牛、羊、鸡等畜禽骨豁的韩含量都要高,且鱼骨中的钙含量与磷含量的比值接近人体骨骼的钙磷比,易被人体消化吸收,是一种良好的天然钙源。以加工剩余的鱼骨为原料,经高温、皂化脱脂、脱胶、脱腥、干燥粉碎等过程可制成食用鱼骨粉,具有较好的钙吸收率和存留率,是一种利用率较高的优质天然钙剂;经去腥处理及高压蒸煮、斩拌粉碎、熬煮,可制成羹状的高钙食品,也是一种补钙产品;鱼骨可加工成调味料添加到其他食品当中或制成鱼骨休闲食品。但是这类加工应用均属于粗加工,利用率不高。而鱼骨中的钙90%以轻基磷灰石结晶的形式存在,该结晶是由磷酸钙沉积在胶原纤维上产生的,不溶于水,不易被机体吸收。
现有技术如授权公告号为CN 103205480 B的中国发明专利,公开了一种用鱼皮或鱼骨生产胶原蛋白低聚肽的方法,具体步骤如下:将原料加入蛋白水解酶和乳酸菌进行第一次水解、离心、过滤,将水解液采用超滤膜进行超滤,将非透过的大分子肽液和一次水解完成后分离的未水解的固相部分混合后,加入蛋白酶和乳酸菌进行第二次水解,并经离心分离、过滤后进行超滤,将超滤膜透过的低聚肽液和一次水解后收集的低聚肽混合经纯化,杀菌,浓缩,干燥得到低聚肽产品。该技术可以有效提高原料蛋白的利用率和产品得率,大幅提高产品质量,但制备方法不适合工业化生产。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种成本低廉,有助于钙磷的吸收,产品纯度高,得率高的鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物。
本发明针对上述技术中提到的问题,采取的技术方案为:鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物,其制备方法包括熬煮法提取、除杂蛋白、脱脂肪、酸法提取、酶法提取,具体操作步骤为:
熬煮法提取:将鱼骨洗净,沥干,切成2~4cm的长段,加水,料液比为1:8~10,调节pH为7.5~8.5,加热到120~130℃提取80~100min,过筛,用食物调理机绞碎,备用,该步骤在提取过程中用酸碱调节体系的pH使之保持恒定,经熬煮法可除去骨油和残血,有明显的脱腥效果,可使鱼骨的脆度和色泽达到最佳,对鱼骨的营养成分无影响;
除杂蛋白:将熬煮后的鱼骨以料液比为1:8~10(W/V)加入到质量浓度为5~10g/mL的NaCl溶液中,2~5℃下搅拌10~13h,清水洗净,沥干,备用;
脱脂肪:将除杂蛋白后的鱼骨以料液比为1:9~11(W/V)加入到浓度为8~13%正丁醇溶液,2~5℃下搅拌22~26h脱脂,清水洗净,沥干,该步骤与除杂蛋白步骤可除去鲅鱼鱼骨中的脂肪和杂蛋白,降低杂质对活性提取物浓度的影响,提高活性提取物的纯度和得率,且该处理方法无毒无害,对活性提取物的成分及功效无任何影响;
酸法提取:按1:8~10的比例添加脱脂后的鱼骨和柠檬酸,柠檬酸浓度为0.2~0.8mol/L,15~25℃下抽提22~26 h,离心13~18min,留上清液;
酶法提取:将上清液调pH至7.5~8.5,加入1400~1600U/g的风味蛋白酶,在40~50℃下酶解2~5h,酶解结束后灭酶,离心8~13min,上清液即为活性提取物,该提取物中含有一种蛋白活性肽,其氨基酸序列为HSHACKLCNCFCCGAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK,该蛋白活性肽带有高浓度的负电荷,即可抵消消化道内的各种酶的酶解,也可与钙磷等金属离子结合形成螯合物,有效抑制钙磷离子在胃肠道中形成不溶性磷酸钙,提高游离钙磷的浓度,有效增加机体内钙的滞留时间,有效地促进人体对钙磷等金属离子及微量成分的吸收,该活性提取物可用于功能饮品和保健品中,促进人体对对钙磷等金属离子及微量成分的吸收,具有较大的市场潜力。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:本发明鲅鱼鱼骨提取物可抵消消化道内的各种酶的酶解,与钙磷等金属离子结合形成螯合物,有效抑制钙磷离子形成不溶性磷酸钙,提高游离钙磷的浓度,增加机体内钙的滞留时间,有效地促进人体对钙磷等金属离子及微量成分的吸收;采用酸法提取和酶法提取相结合的提取方法,增加活性提取物的得率,提高活性提取物的浓度和纯度,更有效地发挥作用,无副作用;原料来源于鲅鱼鱼骨,可提高鲅鱼附加值,减少环境污染,获得良好的经济效益和社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明方案作进一步说明:
实施例1:
鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物,其制备方法包括熬煮法提取、除杂蛋白、脱脂肪、酸法提取、酶法提取,具体操作步骤为:
1)熬煮法提取:将鱼骨洗净,自然状态下沥干,切成3cm的长段,加水,料液比为1:8,调节pH为8,加热到125℃提取90min,过50目筛,用食物调理机绞碎,备用,该步骤在提取过程中用酸碱调节体系的pH使之保持恒定,经熬煮法可除去骨油和残血,有明显的脱腥效果,可使鱼骨的脆度和色泽达到最佳,对鱼骨的营养成分无影响;
2)除杂蛋白:将熬煮后的鱼骨以料液比为1:9(W/V)加入到质量浓度为8g/mL的NaCl溶液中,3℃下机械搅拌12h,清水反复洗净,自然状态下沥干,备用;
3)脱脂肪:将除杂蛋白后的鱼骨以料液比为1:9(W/V)加入到浓度为10%正丁醇溶液,3℃下搅拌23h脱脂,清水反复洗净,沥干,备用,该步骤与除杂蛋白步骤可除去鲅鱼鱼骨中的脂肪和杂蛋白,降低杂质对活性提取物浓度的影响,提高活性提取物的纯度和得率,且该处理方法无毒无害,对活性提取物的成分及功效无任何影响;
4)酸法提取:按1:8的比例添加脱脂后的鱼骨和柠檬酸,柠檬酸浓度为0.5mol/L,20℃下抽提23h,离心13min,留上清液;
5)酶法提取:将上清液调pH至8,加入1500U/g的风味蛋白酶,在45℃下酶解3h,酶解结束后在100℃下灭酶13min,然后在3℃、4000r/min下离心10min,上清液即为活性提取物,该提取物中含有一种蛋白活性肽,其氨基酸序列为HSHACKLCNCFCCGAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK,该蛋白活性肽带有高浓度的负电荷,即可抵消消化道内的各种酶的酶解,也可与钙磷等金属离子结合形成螯合物,有效抑制钙磷离子在胃肠道中形成不溶性磷酸钙,提高游离钙磷的浓度,有效增加机体内钙的滞留时间,有效地促进人体对钙磷等金属离子及微量成分的吸收,该活性提取物可用于功能饮品和保健品中,促进人体对对钙磷等金属离子及微量成分的吸收,具有较大的市场潜力。
实施例2:
鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物,其制备方法包括熬煮法提取、除杂蛋白、脱脂肪、酸法提取、酶法提取,具体操作步骤为:
1)熬煮法提取:将鱼骨洗净,沥干,切成4cm的长段,加水,料液比为1:9,调节pH为7.8,加热到125℃提取100min,过筛,用食物调理机绞碎,备用,该步骤在提取过程中用酸碱调节体系的pH使之保持恒定,经熬煮法可除去骨油和残血,有明显的脱腥效果,可使鱼骨的脆度和色泽达到最佳,对鱼骨的营养成分无影响;
2)除杂蛋白:将熬煮后的鱼骨以料液比为1:10(W/V)加入到质量浓度为8g/mL的NaCl溶液中,4℃下搅拌12h,清水洗净,沥干;
3)脱脂肪:将除杂蛋白后的鱼骨以料液比为1:11(W/V)加入到浓度为12%正丁醇溶液,5℃下搅拌25h脱脂,清水洗净,沥干,该步骤与除杂蛋白步骤可除去鲅鱼鱼骨中的脂肪和杂蛋白,降低杂质对活性提取物浓度的影响,提高活性提取物的纯度和得率,且该处理方法无毒无害,对活性提取物的成分及功效无任何影响;
4)酸法提取:按1:10的比例添加脱脂后的鱼骨和柠檬酸,柠檬酸浓度为0.6mol/L,22℃下抽提24h,离心16min,留上清液;
5)酶法提取:将上清液调pH至8,加入1600U/g的风味蛋白酶,在43℃下酶解4h,酶解结束后灭酶,离心12min,上清液即为活性提取物,该提取物中含有一种蛋白活性肽,其氨基酸序列为HSHACKLCNCFCCGAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK,该蛋白活性肽带有高浓度的负电荷,即可抵消消化道内的各种酶的酶解,也可与钙磷等金属离子结合形成螯合物,有效抑制钙磷离子在胃肠道中形成不溶性磷酸钙,提高游离钙磷的浓度,有效增加机体内钙的滞留时间,有效地促进人体对钙磷等金属离子及微量成分的吸收,该活性提取物可用于功能饮品和保健品中,促进人体对对钙磷等金属离子及微量成分的吸收,具有较大的市场潜力。
实施例3:
鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物,具体操作步骤为:先将鱼骨切段,以料液比为1:9加水,调节pH为8,加热到127℃提取85min,过筛,用食物调理机绞碎;然后以料液比为1:9(W/V)加入到质量浓度为7g/mL的NaCl溶液中除杂蛋白;再以料液比为1:9~11(W/V)加入到浓度为8~13%正丁醇溶液中脱脂;按1:8~10的比例添加脱脂后的鱼骨和柠檬酸,柠檬酸浓度为0.2~0.8mol/L,15~25℃下抽提22~26 h,离心13~18min;将然后将上清液调pH至8.5,加入1500U/g的风味蛋白酶,在40~50℃下酶解2~5h,灭酶,离心,上清液即为活性提取物。
本发明的操作步骤中的常规操作为本领域技术人员所熟知,在此不进行赘述。
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明,应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充或类似方式替代等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 新昌县瑞天食品科技有限公司
<120> 鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物
<130> 1
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<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 36
<212> PRT
<213> 人工合成
<400> 1
His Ser His Ala Cys Lys Leu Cys Asn Cys Phe Cys Cys Gly Ala Ala
1 5 10 15
Lys Cys Tyr Leu Cys Arg Val Leu His Pro Gly Lys Leu Cys Val Cys
20 25 30
Asn Cys Ser Lys
35
Claims (10)
1.鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物,其特征在于:所述的活性提取物的制备包括以下步骤:
1)熬煮法提取:将鱼骨洗净,切段,加水,熬煮,过筛;
2)除杂蛋白:将熬煮后的鱼骨加到NaCl溶液中,搅拌10~13h,清水洗净,沥干;
3)脱脂肪:将除杂蛋白后的鱼骨加到正丁醇溶液,搅拌22~26h脱脂,清水洗净,沥干;
4)酸法提取:添加脱脂后的鱼骨和柠檬酸,抽提,离心,留上清液;
5)酶法提取:将上清液中加入风味蛋白酶酶解,灭酶,离心,上清液即为活性提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的活性提取物中含有一种蛋白活性肽,其氨基酸序列为HSHACKLCNCFCCGAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK。
3.根据权利要求1所述的鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的熬煮法提取步骤中熬煮料液比为1:8~10,pH为7.5~8.5,温度为120~130℃,时间为80~100min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的除杂蛋白步骤中鱼骨和NaCl溶液的重量体积比为1:8~10,NaCl溶液浓度为5~10g/mL。
5.根据权利要求1所述的鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的脱脂肪步骤中鱼骨和正丁醇溶液的重量体积比为1:9~11,正丁醇溶液浓度为8~13%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的酸法提取步骤中鱼骨和柠檬酸的添加比例为1:8~10。
7.根据权利要求1所述的鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的酸法提取步骤中柠檬酸浓度为0.2~0.8mol/L。
8.根据权利要求1所述的鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的酸法提取步骤中抽提温度为15~25℃,时间为22~26 h。
9.根据权利要求1所述的鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的酶法提取步骤中风味蛋白酶的添加量为1400~1600U/g。
10.根据权利要求1所述的鲅鱼鱼骨的活性提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的酶法提取步骤中酶解pH为7.5~8.5,温度为40~50℃,时间为2~5h。
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