CN1073039A - Slight power consumption relay, contactor - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of by permanent magnetism power or the self-sustaining slight power consumption relay of mechanical force, contactor, it is characterized in that, its excitation current control circuit makes in the course of work after relay, contactor were connected in moment no longer consumed power of coil, during outage because the effect of control circuit makes it withdraw from attracting state automatically.This kind relay, contactor power consumption only are equivalent to more than percent even one thousandth of original relay, contactor power consumption.

Description

Slight power consumption relay, contactor

Existing relay or contactor are in the process of energising operation, its coil will remain certain electric current of keeping, and consumes certain electric energy keeping its suction, coil heating and with noise, sometimes even because of coil heating burns to work, be easy to cause the accident.

The LS that for example German AEG company is produced ₄Type low-power consumption D.C. contactor consumed power still is 6.5W, the B that BBC company produces ₃₇Type contactor power consumption is 12W, and the IOR type magnetic freeze mode contactor that the LEM company of Lyons, France (LYON) produces is though at run duration consumed power not, can not withdraw from attracting state when external circuit has a power failure.

The invention provides a kind of direct current relay, contactor of little power consumption, after the moment adhesive of energising, magnetic force or mechanical force by permanent magnet keep attracting state, being in operation is subjected to the effect of a detection, control circuit, in case outage can make it to withdraw from attracting state under the effect of this control circuit, the coil consumed power not of relay (or contactor) is in operation, the power consumption of control circuit is very little, only is equivalent to more than percent even one thousandth of former relay (or contactor)

What the middle control circuit of being applied for by me of patent (publication number GK91100774.1 low-power relay, contactor) used is the positive-negative-positive triode, the present invention expands to NPN type triode, P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe, N channel field-effect pipe with the pipe classification of using, adopt multiple tube (Darlington transistor) to increase its power output, add Quick connecting pipe fitting and breaking speed with attraction, the repulsive interaction of twin coil iron core.

Patent (the energy-saving contactor of patent No. ZL87216224.9) by my application, drive contactor coil with controllable silicon, controllable silicon is easy to experience noise jamming, make its working condition stable inadequately, the present invention uses the relay contact of small-sized routine instead contactor coil is controlled, and its reliability is greatly increased.

Be that example illustrates its course of work at first with magnetic freeze mode control relay circuit, as scheming (1) (the outer part of empty frame):

Control the moment of contacting outside, from power positive end through diode D ₁, capacitor C ₂, relay coil J, diode D ₂To power supply negative terminal formation path, the electromagnetic field polarity that the electric current of process iron-core coil produces and the polarity of permanent magnet are different, and the suction of generation makes the two motion that attracts each other, drives relay contact adhesive, C ₂Back coil consumed power is no longer finished in charging, keeps adhesive by the strength of permanent magnetism, when controlling the contact outward and cutting off the power supply, by C ₂Positive pole pass through R ₁, voltage-stabiliser tube W, NPN type triode base stage become base current with the relay coil J-shaped, after amplifying, form collector current, C ₂Electric weight through triode, discharge that coil J is very fast, opposite when the direction of the electromagnetic force that produces on J and energising, permanent magnet and iron core repel each other and drive contact release.After the energising adhesive, has only R ₁Power consumption, and R ₁Resistance is bigger, so power consumption is very little, can be 1/ β (β is the triode multiplication factor) of common electrical magnetic relay, R ₁Be detection resistance, and and the less C of capacity ₁The clutter of forming RC delay circuit, absorption power supply, piezo-resistance R _VPlay pressure stabilization function, can absorb too high voltages.Its power supply is a D.C. regulated power supply, and AC rectification filtering is made power supply and also can.

The operating system that the outer control contact of foregoing circuit is changed in the empty frame can become little power consumption magnetic freeze mode contactor.

Push switch K ₁, C ₂Contactor adhesive in the charging process is tried hard to keep by permanent magnetism and to be held adhesive, and the normally opened contact closure gives to keep electric current.Press shutdown switch K ₂, C ₂To coil J discharge, the repulsion of generation discharges contactor by triode.

Above circuit also can be used as unicoil mechanical self-latching relay, contactor circuit uses.

At this moment no matter coil is to switch on forward or backwards, all show as attraction to moving iron core, this self-locking mode is moving once for the moving every suction of iron, the drive mechanical system makes relay, contactor change a next state, and (former attracting state is promptly changed into the release attitude, former release condition are changed into the adhesive attitude), it is similar with conventional television set, radio-recorder power switch that (pressing once is to connect, and presses once for disconnecting again ...), for saving space, action, the schematic diagram of this kind switch do not draw.

Coil J in the foregoing circuit changed place emitter (or collector electrode) loop, can become another kind of mechanical self-latching type contactor control circuit, as figure (2).

During power connection, electric current is through R ₃To C ₂Charging is if the initial condition of contactor is for discharging Push switch K ₁, coil J energising back adhesive, and by machinery maintenance attracting state, at K ₁Lift the no longer power consumption of back coil, press stop button K ₂, capacitor C ₂Energy storage by triode, diode D ₂To coil J discharge, moving iron core is inhaled and is movingly once made it to withdraw from attracting state, when external circuit has a power failure, the triode conducting once, C ₂Electric weight to coil discharge once, can make it during attracting state to discharge.

Suitably select C ₂Capacity, make it when attracting state, to have enough energy to make it to discharge, and when release condition, the distance of dynamic and static iron core is bigger, even at this moment external circuit has a power failure and but can not make it adhesive (the two required energy and distance square be directly proportional).

R in figure (2) ₃Be current-limiting resistance, R ₂And C ₃The induction high pressure at absorbing coil J two ends, series connection back, R _VBe piezo-resistance, can absorb overvoltage, D ₂Effect be to prevent impact, the D of J induction high pressure to pipe ₃Play the afterflow effect.

Press K ₁, both can open, also can stop, if at K ₁Circuit seal in normally-closed contact, K then ₁For driving button, K ₂For stopping button, just identical with conventional operating habit.

In order to strengthen the power that drives iron core, can use the form of multiple tube (Darlington transistor) to increase power output, can be that NPN-NPN is compound, perhaps use PNP-NPN compound, also available PNP-PNP is compound, and figure (3) is the control circuit with the compound formation of PNP-NPN.

If the contactor initial condition is for discharging attitude, Push switch K ₁, stop button K is pressed in coil J energising back adhesive and mechanical self-insurance ₂, capacitor C ₂Pass through T ₁Base stage, voltage-stabiliser tube W, R ₁Form base current, T ₁Collector current pass through T ₂Base stage, and at T ₂Form bigger collector current and flow through D ₂With coil J, it is moving that iron core is inhaled, thereby contactor discharges.All the other elements, effect and figure (2) are identical, D ₂Effect be of the impact of retarder J induction high pressure to pipe, withstand voltage if desired height also can replace with silicon stack.

If with P raceway groove (or N raceway groove) enhancement mode field effect transistor, also can form and make contactor (relay) when having a power failure, will move iron core adhesive circuit once as figure (4).

When normal operation, R ₄The voltage at two ends (being grid, source electrode) is equal, when external circuit has a power failure or reduce pressure, and C ₂Electric weight pass through R ₄, R ₁Discharge is at R ₄((being between grid, the source electrode) forms dividing potential drop to two ends, causes field effect transistor source electrode and drain electrode conducting, flows through D ₁, coil J electric current make iron core attract motion once.

As mix K switch ₁, K ₂Can become D.C. contactor, its each effect and figure (2) analogy mutually.

Also can make D.C. contactor shown in figure (5) with N channel enhancement field effect transistor, its course of action analysis is omitted.

Mechanical force with extension spring (or stage clip) makes relay or contactor be stabilized in connection or disjunction state, and its connection and breaking course speed are comparatively fast shown in figure (6).

If it is the branch off-state that the connecting rod 3 of servo-actuated iron core motion moves to 1 position, because the tension of spring 5 makes it remain on stable state, when connecting rod 3 moves to 2 position, be on-state, because the tension of spring will be stabilized in on-state, wherein 4 are rotating shaft, and 6 is the fulcrum of fixing spring.(effect and extension spring with stage clip are similar, discuss and are omitted).Its control circuit is as scheming (7):

J wherein ₁, J ₂Be respectively dynamic and static iron-core coil, the direction of winding of its coil is opposite, at the moment of energising, static iron core coil J ₂The magnetic force adhesive J that produces ₁In moving iron core, and keep adhesive, C during dead electricity by the effect of the pulling force (or pressure) of spring ₂Collector electrode, the D of electric weight by triode ₂, J ₁, J ₂Discharge, J ₁, J ₂The repulsion that series current produces makes the relay disjunction.

In circuit, use NPN type triode or all can reach effect same with the mechanical force of stage clip.

Figure (8) is the contactor control circuit of forming with the NPN triode.

Press K ₁, static iron core J ₁Get electric attraction J ₂In moving iron core, and be stabilized in on-state by spring tension (or pressure), press stop button K ₂, J ₁, J ₂Series current produce the opposite magnetic force of magnetic and make it disjunction, under the effect of spring, be stabilized in the disjunction state.

Utilize silicon controlled current drives contactor coil by my patent " energy-saving contactor " (patent No. ZL87216224.9) of application, controllable silicon is easy to experience clutter, influence the reliability of its work, utilize the discharge path of conventional relay transfer contact power controlling capacitor to drive the reliability that contactor coil can improve work greatly, control circuit is as scheming (9):

After the energized, through capacitor C ₁, C ₂Dividing potential drop and rectification after to storage capacitor C ₄Charging, in charging process, because grid voltage is higher than source electrode, not conducting of field effect transistor, conventional relay J ₁Also no current passes through.AC power is by diode D simultaneously ₁, resistance R ₂To power capacity C ₅The preparation of operation is carried out in charging, presses K ₁, to contactor coil C energising, alternating electromagnetic suction makes the iron core adhesive and by mechanical self-sustaining adhesive to alternating current through contactor normally-closed contact, relay normally-closed contact.When running status, press K ₂, the moving iron core in coil C energising back is inhaled once, works as K ₂Coil C outage when lifting, mechanical self-latching is removed, and makes iron core return to release condition by spring force.When external circuit has a power failure, relay J ₁The action adhesive, normally-closed contact breaks away from, normally opened contact closure, C ₅Energy storage by closed normally opened contact to coil C discharge, the suction of generation discharges contactor.If when release condition, have a power failure C ₅Though also discharge, because of dynamic and static iron core distance is bigger, C ₅The energy difficulty can make it adhesive, so still for discharging attitude.

The resistance of large-scale its coil of contactor is less, causes miniature relay J ₁The contact by big electric current, can center on one section thinner coil J in line footpath at coil C outer ₂, around to consistent with C, its two end is connected to respectively between the anode and normally-closed contact of electric capacity, and it is excessive and burn out relay contact to limit electric current.

Also can be controlled with figure (9) circuit with the mode of utilizing extension spring (or stage clip) mechanical self-latching shown in the figure (6), at this moment C represents static iron core coil, J ₂Be expressed as moving iron-core coil, C and J ₂Coil winding-direction identical, press K ₁, the suction that alternating current produces by C is inhaled moving J ₂Interior moving iron core, and by the spring mechanical self-locking.K switch ₂One of Chang Kaiduan is terminated at J ₁Normally-closed contact, the other end is connected to J ₁Transfer contact, press K ₂Power capacity C ₅Electric weight through J ₂, K ₂, C discharge, dynamic and static iron core produces repulsion and makes it disjunction.

In figure (9) circuit, drive relay J ₁The also available positive-negative-positive triode of circuit or NPN type triode or N channel enhancement field effect transistor, its circuit and operating principle are as described above.

Direct Action Type mechanical self-latching relay or contactor, no matter its iron core is garden cylindricality or chevron can dispose guiding in dynamic and static iron core axle and hole, to protect its directed relative motion.Because do not generate heat at the run duration coil, just in the power consumption of the moment of start-stop, can allow its admittance than big electric current during the design coil, core material can send to close and form with silicon steel sheet, also can make with the silicon steel or the soft iron of monoblock, be beneficial to the making in the making of mechanical self-latching slideway and the axis of guide, hole, the axle of guiding will be made of nonmagnetic substance, to reduce the friction between axle, the hole, alternating current drives in this way, be that monoblock or laminate patch iron core all will dispose short-circuited conducting sleeve to reduce vibration and the noise in the attracting process, keep the stable of work.

In magnetic latching relay (or contactor) control circuit shown in the figure (1), if at C ₂Charging process repeat circuit (or contactor) just finished the moment sudden power of connection, C ₂Rechargeable energy just just can finish and returned, some energy of loss promptly can not return, and for fear of the generation of this criticality, can insert capacitor C successively at A, C two-end-point ₃, diode D ₃, resistance R ₂, and in capacitor C ₂Intersection point and C with coil J ₃, D ₃Intersection point between insert diode D ₄, shown in figure (10);

In the moment that circuit is connected, pass through C ₃, D ₃, R ₂Give C ₃Charging, to do the preparation of store electrical energy, when outage, C ₃Accumulate will be by triode, coil J, diode D ₄Forming discharge path, increased the energy of drive coil J, i.e. is to use C during adhesive ₂Energy, be to use C during release ₂And C ₃The energy summation, so just have enough energy to return reliably and get back to initial condition.

Figure (11) is the control circuit with the positive-negative-positive triode, and its principle is the same, and analysis is omitted.

In like manner, in the double coil controling circuit shown in the figure (7), at the C of series connection with the self-locking of spring mechanical power ₂, J ₂Two ends serial connection electric capacity, diode, resistance also can be avoided the generation of criticality, as scheming (12):

In energising, pass through C ₃, D ₄, R ₂Give C ₃Charging, during outage, C ₃Energy storage by triode, D ₂, J ₁, J ₂, D ₅Discharge has increased J ₁, J ₂Repulsion, make it more reliable disjunction.

The same with its principle of control circuit that NPN type triode is formed, be omitted.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of little power consumption magnetic maintenance or mechanical freeze mode relay, contactor is characterized in that: the diode D of control circuit ₁Positive termination power, between the negative terminal B of its negative terminal A and power supply and be connected to the big resistance R of resistance ₁The capacitor C less with capacity ₁, 1. diode D ₂Negative terminal be connected to the B point, anode C is connected to the emitter of NPN type triode, collector electrode is connected to the A point, base stage is connected to the B point by voltage-stabiliser tube; Or 2. diode just is being terminated at the A point, and negative terminal is connected to the emitter of positive-negative-positive triode, and collector electrode is connected to the B point, and base stage is connected to the A point by voltage-stabiliser tube W, is serially connected with power capacity C at emitter and collector two ends (no matter being NPN type or positive-negative-positive) ₂With iron-core coil J and be connected to piezo-resistance Rv, at D ₁Anode and power supply between be serially connected with outer control contact, perhaps be serially connected with and open button K ₁(often opening), stop button K ₂(normally closed) is at K ₁Two ends are connected to self normally opened contact.

2, circuit as claimed in claim 1, coil J is placed the emitter or the collector circuit of triode, emitter terminal is serially connected with the diode of anti-induction high pressure, at coil two ends and be connected with fly-wheel diode, resistance capacitance series connection clutter absorption circuit, piezo-resistance, power series has current-limiting resistance.

3, circuit as claimed in claim 1, collector electrode or emitter circuit at triode increase by moving (or quiet) iron-core coil, this coil around to with primary coil of power capacity series connection around to opposite, after dynamic and static iron core relative motion, hold locking by extension spring (or stage clip).

4, control relay circuit as claimed in claim 2, be used for the high voltage A.C. contactor, it is disposed in the low-voltage dc circuit of ac capacitor dividing potential drop rectification, contactor coil C through the normally-closed contact of the conversion normally-closed contact of relay, contactor, open button K ₁Be connected in AC power two ends, be connected to stop button K between the positive pole of the power capacitor of process diode, resistance halfwave rectifier and relay changeover contact ₂

5, as claim 1,2,3 described control circuits, its triode can use multiple tube (Darlington transistor) to substitute to increase power, and its complex method can be compound with NPN-NPN, and PNP-PNP is compound or PNP-NPN is compound.

6, as claim 1,2,3,4 described circuit, available enhancement mode field effect transistor substitutes transistor, its replacement mode should be grid-base stage mutually, source electrode-emitter, drain electrode-collector electrode, P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe-positive-negative-positive triode, N channel field-effect pipe-NPN type triode, increase by a grid source resistance between replacement back grid and source electrode, former underwater pipeline stabilizing can.

7, as the dynamic and static iron core in claim 1,2,3,4 described each control circuit, can make by monoblock silicon steel or soft iron.And can be furnished with respectively guiding the axle and the hole, to short-circuited conducting sleeve be housed at end face when passing to alternating current.

8, as claim 1,2,3 described circuit, its power supply can be a D.C. regulated power supply, also can be the power supply of alternating current behind rectifying and wave-filtering.

9, control circuit as claimed in claim 4, moving iron core increases interpole coil J outward ₂, J ₂One is terminated at the power capacity positive pole, and the other end is connected to the normally opened contact of relay, shutdown switch K ₂Normally opened contact one be terminated at the normally opened contact of relay, the other end is connected to the transfer contact of relay.

10, as claim 1,3 described control circuits, in the capacitor C of serial connection ₂With coil J(J ₂) two ends, be serially connected with capacitor C ₃, diode D ₃(D ₄), resistance R ₂, at C ₂Contact (anode) and C with coil ₃With D ₃(D ₄) contact (negative terminal) be connected to diode D ₄(D ₅).

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