CN102339686A

CN102339686A - Low-consumption and high-efficiency electromagnetic system

Info

Publication number: CN102339686A
Application number: CN2010102331833A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 易善堃
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-07-20
Filing date: 2010-07-20
Publication date: 2012-02-01

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetic system which is used for driving an armature-contact system in a relay (contactor). The electromagnetic system consists of a cylindrical permanent magnet, a cylindrical electromagnet, a coil and a capacitor. The capacitor is used for slowly charging to store energy and fast discharging so as to provide corresponding power for starting up and releasing, and the permanent magnet is used for keeping a continuous suction state, so that low-consumption and silent running of the relay (contactor) is realized. Additionally, the electromagnetic system has a simple control circuit, large input impedance, stable and reliable control manner, and no potential safety hazards, such as overheating and aging, overcurrent, action competition and the like, so that the work reliability and the service life of the system are enhanced, the technical performance, such as restitution coefficient and control coefficient and the like of the relay (contactor) is continuously improved, and the electromagnetic system is more convenient and more feasible.

Description

A kind of electromagnetic system of low-consumption high-efficiency

Affiliated technical field

This case belongs to the electromagnetic system that drives armature-contact system in relay, the contactor, is the element of relay, contactor.

Background technology

Follow the electrified process of industrialization, relay, contactor arise at the historic moment, extensive use and constantly development.In any case but also be unableing to do without the electromagnetic system of forming by electromagnet, armature and coil etc., the closed or connection of its armature-contact all must rely on coil to produce electromagnetic torque through electric current and promote.In an automated system, use hundreds and thousands of relays (contactor), the electrical power of its consumption has only sub-fraction to change mechanical force into, and its most of portion has become heat, and system is heated up; Drone the hum that often produces in the ac electromagnetism system again, this has not only wasted electric energy, has polluted environment again, has also reduced the stability of system works.For a long time, people make every effort to improve this state, are seeking new breakthrough always.Now, environment is protected all in the energy savings of doing one's utmost in the whole world.Therefore, the low-power consumption research and development of not having an electroacoustic relay (contactor) just have more realistic meaning.

Summary of the invention

As everybody knows, the work of relay (contactor) has three kinds of states: armature--and contact system discharges and returns at open position; Receive the electricity starting promptly to promote armature-contact system closing motion process; Lasting energising makes contact keep on-state.Corresponding to this, electromagnetic system also has three kinds of situations: no current in the coil does not have electromagnetism logical in the iron core; Coil electricity is set up big magnetic potential, sets up essential magnetic flux to overcome air-gap reluctance; It is the enough magnetic flux of output that coil flows through less current, just makes contact remain on closed on-position reliably.The position of contact (open and close state) is decided by the stressed of armature.The power that acts on the armature is synthetic by reaction force and electromagnetic attraction.Reaction force is produced by armature spring and contact reed, and suction is set up the iron core magnetic flux by coil through electric current and set up.At contact on state, air gap is minimum, and the magnetic circuit magnetic resistance is little, only needs very little exciting current just can keep; And big in the original position locked rotor torque, particularly initial air gap is big, and magnetic resistance is bigger, must could produce enough magnetic flux to guarantee the starting torque requirement by given corresponding exciting current; This is in clapper-type series contactor, and is more outstanding, and longer because of its starting arm of force, locked rotor torque is big especially, makes that the starting current peak value is higher.Thereby formed electromagnetic system starting current curve and be the decaying exponential function rule.And conventional supply power mode wilfully is a constant voltage.Only guarantee that to hold the operating time but very long very long, and the starting time is short as only to calculate with millisecond, but the output power of electromagnetic system also must be designed by maximum starting torque demand, could satisfy start request.Therefore, the electrical power of electromagnetic system consumption has only a few part to convert useful mechanical power into and major part has slatterned, and has also caused many harmful effects.

Given this, present technique tries hard to overcome from following several aspects or eliminate above-mentioned shortcoming.

1) the cancellation constant voltage source replaces energy-storage capacitor.Can know that by the principles of electric and electronic engineering capacitor discharge current curve is the exponential curve attenuation type, just in time similar with the starting current curve of electromagnetic system.Control capacittance amount and time constant thereof can be adjusted current peak and discharge time, can reach two curves and match, and realize the best transition of dynamo-electric power, improve the service efficiency of electric energy to greatest extent, thereby reduce the starting energy consumption significantly.Facts have proved; The electric energy of the capacitor storage of number microfarads can be to satisfy relay (contactor) starting and power requirement when discharging; In view of the progress of capacitor manufacturing process, its volume-diminished, this imagination have become reality again---as long as to the capacitor energy storage that charges at a slow speed; And coil is carried out repid discharge, can accomplish the starting process of relay (contactor).Suitably the design circuit parameter just can make the capacitor discharge process satisfy the needs of starting torque characteristic fully.

2) adopt permanent magnetism to keep, coil broke away from power supply during contact system continued to connect.Though known by everybody permanent magnet can be inhaled moving armature, be difficult to solve its release and reset and can't implement.The design will make it be readily solved---if to energy storage capacitor with reverse charging, set up the opposing magnetic field, its electromagnetic force is consistent with antagonistic spring power to be offset the confining force of permanent-magnetic field and makes armature-contact system release return.Facts have proved, adopt two energy-storage capacitors, starting and the power that discharges are provided respectively, both be convenient to the control adjustment, safe and reliable again, best results.

3) for realizing above-mentioned control requirement, need to be equipped with control circuit: require brief, reliable, safety, adjust, use and install all to make things convenient for; The starting and stopping signal of control relay (contactor) all adopts and moving closes mode, generally has, contactlessly all can; It is high that input impedance is wanted, to guarantee safe ready again low in energy consumption.

Native system structure such as Fig. 1, the principle wiring is as shown in Figure 2.

More than comprehensive, visible this case has obtained a kind of electromagnetic system of low-consumption high-efficiency:

A. save the maintenance power of relay (contactor), reduced the starting energy consumption again significantly; System's input impedance is big, has further improved the utilization ratio of electric energy, thus many-sided energy consumption of having practiced thrift system;

B. because system power dissipation is little, there was not heat ageing, temperature drift problem, thereby had improved the functional reliability and the useful life of system;

C. solve the hum problem of puzzlement always, improved operational environment;

D. energy-storage capacitor satisfies the starting characteristic requirement easily, thereby is that the technical performance (like recovery coefficient, control coefrficient) that improves constantly relay (contactor) has been opened convenience.

Be noted that native system in high power relay and contactor, more can manifest above-mentioned benefit.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of relay; Accompanying drawing 2 is cut-away drawings of relay, and wherein: 1--permanent magnet, 2--electromagnet, 3--coil, 4,5--capacitor, 6-often open fixed contact, the normally closed fixed contact of 7--, 8,9--diode, 10--current-limiting resistance, 11-armature, 12--reaction force spring.

Embodiment

Use for reference prior art, original electromagnetic core is replaced cylindrical permanent magnet 1, at its outside suit cylindrical shape electromagnet 2, outermost layer is a coil 3, in position loads onto capacitor 4 and 5.Like Fig. 2, by the polarity series connection, its common point is received the lower end of coil, again connecting terminal N with capacitor 4 and 5.The anode of capacitor 4 is passed through current-limiting resistance 10 connecting terminal L through fixed contact 7, its moving contact that diode 8 connects normally closed moving contact; The negative electrode of capacitor 5 is received the fixed contact 6 that often starts contact through diode 9; At the other end of coil and capacitor 4, insert " starting " and " stopping " signal between 5 respectively.During use, between L, N, insert power supply and get final product.At readiness for operation, when power supply terminal L, with N on when electricity is arranged, through 10 pairs of capacitor 4 trickle charges; Relay (contactor) is waited for starting, and its normally closed interlock 7 is closed and often open fixed contact 6 and break off.In case " starting " signal is come, demand working capacitor 4 and wire loop discharge to coil moment by force, in electromagnetic core, set up forward magnetic field, and it is closed immediately to promote armature-contact system, that is normally closed moving contact 7 breaks off and often starts contact 6 closures; Capacitor 5 begins the energy storage that charges simultaneously, for the release of electromagnetic system is got ready; After this, only the tube discharge electric current goes to zero, and coil has also broken away from power supply, and permanent-magnetic field has but played the maintenance effect.Come then and work as " stopping " signal; Capacitor 5 carries out back discharge to coil immediately, in coil, sets up the opposing magnetic field to offset permanent-magnetic field, under the effect of reaction force spring; Armature-contact system wink promptly discharges reposition, that is returns to static position; After this, only manage capacitance current and disappear, recover again in the magnetic field of permanent magnet, also can't play moving armature-contact system alone and guarantee its release condition; Capacitor 4 begins charging again simultaneously, stocks energy for the next round starting process, moves in circles.

Notice that circuit parameter should satisfy following:

1) starting torque and permanent magnet moment and discharge moment and reaction force spring torque in the same way in the same way.And should:

Starting electromagnetic torque >=release electromagnetic torque >=permanent magnet moment >=reaction force spring torque;

2) capacity of capacitor 5 must not be greater than capacitor 4, and should satisfy:

The starting time of the discharge time constant >=relay of capacitor 4 (contactor)

The release time of the discharge time constant >=relay of capacitor 5 (contactor)

3) current-limiting resistance 10 is enough big, and discharging current should be greater than 10 times of charging currents.

As long as each parameter of circuit all reaches above-mentioned requirements, this circuit will be superior to other possible scheme, only manage it and use one group of change over contact, two capacitors, two diodes and a small resistor---there has not been refining more simply! Simultaneously, can see also that this programme has the safety guarantee of speciality:

1) signal is had no special requirements, as long as respectively greater than the starting and the release time of relay (contactor), just can realize the disjunction of signal node no-load " starting " and " stopping " signal duration;

2) coil no longer includes the anxiety of crossing cause thermal damage for a long time;

3) system does not have potential safety hazards such as short circuit, overcurrent, overvoltage;

4) even when element or contact are malfunctioning, native system only can keep static no-output state, any related fault can not occur.

Claims

1. drive the electromagnetic system of armature-contact system in the relay (contactor); Constitute by cylindrical permanent magnet, cylindrical shape electromagnet, coil, capacitor; It is characterized in that: at cylindrical permanent magnet outside suit cylindrical shape electromagnet and coil; Rely on the repid discharge of energy-storage capacitor, implement the starting and the dispose procedure of relay (contactor).

2. relay according to claim 1 (contactor) electromagnetic system is characterized in that: with two energy-storage capacitors, respectively as the power supply that starts and discharge usefulness.

3. relay according to claim 1 (contactor) electromagnetic system, it is characterized in that: a termination of solenoid the common node of two capacitors, and its other end inserts " starting " and " stopping " signal.

4. relay according to claim 1 (contactor) electromagnetic system is characterized in that: charge at a slow speed to capacitor, its current-limiting resistance 10 is enough big, and system's input impedance also is enough big.