CN107301512A - A kind of Rural Landscape sensitivity assessment analysis method based on 3S technologies - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of Rural Landscape sensitivity assessment analysis method based on 3S technologies, specifically includes following steps：Collect with arranging basic data, setting up index system, single pollution assessment and overall merit.The present invention uses geographical information technology, and to landscape sensitivity, each index is analyzed, and makes evaluation result more accurate；Data analysis and rationality technical Analysis method are provided for the preliminary analysis of urban and rural planning and landscape design；By the analysis result to landscape sensitivity, can as information management system valid data data, foundation and the guidance of science are provided for management, construction department.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of geographical information technology, and in particular to a kind of Rural Landscape sensitivity assessment based on 3S technologies
Analysis method.
Background technology
In city, the Project of grass roots planning and designing, many professional knowledges and warp with practitioner of conventional method
Carry out preliminary analysis are tested, are leading using qualitative, subjective evaluation method, planning and designing are set up to be recognized the perception in place in designer
In knowledge, the quality of result of design is confined to the personal level of designer, and often final planning and design scheme lacks the skill of rationality
Art data supporting, lacks scientific and reasonability.In city, the planning and designing Project of grass roots, lack a fit
Reason, the site analysis method of standard, to instruct the planning and management in later stage.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：It is an object of the invention to solve the deficiencies in the prior art there is provided one kind based on 3S technologies
Rural Landscape sensitivity assessment analysis method, place is analyzed and evaluated by a series of index the present invention, obtains each
The sensitivity in individual plot, identification needs the resource laid special stress on protecting and the plot that can be developed, and is provided for planning and management
The foundation of science and guidance.
Technical scheme：A kind of Rural Landscape sensitivity assessment analysis method based on 3S technologies of the present invention, specifically include with
Lower step：
(1) basic data is collected with arranging：
The first step of evaluation analysis is exactly that research object is carried out deeply, comprehensively to understand, it is desirable to as much as possible to collect
The information and data of survey region, including position background, socio-economic conditions, history culture information and factor of natural environment, money
Material is more comprehensive better, and then the data to collection is arranged, and useful written historical materials and data from investigation are converted into ArcGIS
Graphic file, forms the general cognition to survey region；
On the basis of well understanding, accurate research range delimited according to administrative division and red line scope, landscape is scape
The evaluation unit of susceptibility is seen, further the landscape types in research range are divided after data collection, it is different
Landscape types have larger difference in structure function and landscape process, do according to specific land-use style, vegetation pattern and artificially
Disturb the landscape types in the factor Research on partition such as degree region；The evaluation of landscape sensitivity is carried out using ArcGIS softwares, to calculate
Function carries out operation processing to data message, and the relevant attribute data of survey region is connected with spatial information, is converted to
Formatted file applicable ArcGIS, and unified projected coordinate system is used, the geography information of landscape sensitivity evaluation is built with this
Database；
(3) index system establishment
Suitable landscape sensitivity evaluation index factor is selected, the index system evaluated is built, which type of is selected evaluate
Indicator combination, directly affects the reasonability and validity of evaluation result, and the selection of evaluation index is according to the basis of research object
Information material is determined, should be embodied its uniqueness, be determined after evaluation index, also the evaluation criterion of each evaluation index is entered
Row is formulated, and with this division result grade, its weight is determined to the importance of landscape system finally according to each index factor；
(5) single index factor evaluation
According to the evaluation criterion of each index factor, suitable method is respectively adopted sensitivity assessment is carried out to single index
With analysis, the fragile sensitivity indexes of such as landscape mainly use buffer finish blasting and surface analysis method, and landscape interference susceptibility is needed
Use density analysis and the space interpolation analysis method based on Geostatistical；
(6) overall merit
Overlay analysis is weighted to single pollution assessment result according to corresponding weight, landscape sensitivity synthesis is finally given
Evaluation result.Calculation formula uses following formula：
In formula, LSS is landscape complex sensitivitg, and i represents pointer type, wiRepresent the weight of i-th of index, UiRepresent i-th
The score value of individual evaluation index.
Beneficial effect：Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below：
1st, the present invention uses geographical information technology, and to landscape sensitivity, each index is analyzed, and makes evaluation result more
Accurately；
2nd, the present invention provides data analysis and rationality technical Analysis side for the preliminary analysis of urban and rural planning and landscape design
Method；
3rd, the present invention can be provided by the analysis result to landscape sensitivity as the valid data of information management system
Material, foundation and the guidance of science are provided for management, construction department.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall flow figure of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the landscape classification figure in embodiment；
Fig. 3 is landscape sensitivity evaluation index system schematic diagram in embodiment；
Fig. 4 is that the judgment matrix in embodiment builds figure；
Fig. 5 is the fragile susceptibility of landscape resource and Annoyance Index evaluation result of embodiment；
Fig. 6 is the comprehensive landscape sensitivity evaluation result of embodiment；
Wherein, Fig. 5 (a) is the terrain factor sensitivity analysis result schematic diagram in embodiment；Fig. 5 (b) is in embodiment
Hydrology factor sensitivity analysis result schematic diagram；Fig. 5 (c) is the Vegetation factors sensitivity analysis result signal in embodiment
Figure；Fig. 5 (d) is the land-use style factor sensitivity analysis result schematic diagram in embodiment；Fig. 5 (e) is embodiment landscape resource
Sensitivity analysis result schematic diagram；Fig. 5 (f) is the evaluation result schematic diagram of road traffic interference factor in embodiment；Fig. 5 (g)
For the evaluation result schematic diagram of density of population interference factor in embodiment；Fig. 5 (h) is the evaluation of landscape Annoyance Index in embodiment
Result schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the implementation
Example.
Embodiment 1：
As shown in figure 1, a kind of Rural Landscape sensitivity assessment analysis method based on 3S technologies of the present embodiment, specific step
It is rapid as follows：
(1) data related to certain town are compiled, are pre-processed
Using certain town the striograph in 2016 obtained from Google Earth (Google Earth) geographic information application platform
Based on data, resolution ratio is 10m.Image data receive selection of time be located at 5-10 months and cloud amount be less than 10% when
Section, can preferably reflect vegetation growth status.Other auxiliary maps and written historical materials include certain town 1：50000 present status of land utilizations
Figure, certain town CAD topographic maps in 2007, certain town administrative map etc..To the striograph of acquisition in the softwares of Autodesk CAD 2014
Middle carry out geometric correction.Different local landscape types have otherness, and Google's image with reference to all kinds of landscape types in certain town is special
Seek peace its specific land-use style, vegetation pattern, anthropogenic disturbance situations such as, the landscape types in certain town are divided into forest land, tea
Garden and orchard, meadow, traditional arable land, low-lying paddy field, fish pond, traditional river course, sloot, modern architecture space, traditional architecture, tradition
Villages and small towns public space, factories and miness land used, Traditional Rural road, secondary modern roadways land used and major trunk roads and the type of through street 16,
Type coding is 1-16.Striograph interpretation need to combine field investigation data, according to the shape of atural object, color, texture, shade and scape
Type feature is seen, interpretation mark is set up.Autodesk CAD are interpreted to the image file completed on this basis and import FME
In Workbench softwares, 16 kinds of landscape types Photoshops are output as ShapeFile formatted files (Fig. 3-6) respectively.Finally
The file that FME Workbench are changed is imported in the ArcMap of the information systems of ArcGIS 10.3, sets up data set, adjustment is not
With the display color of landscape class, the information such as adding proportion chi, legend is finally given available for follow-up landscape sensitivity analysis 2016
Nian Mou towns landscape classification figure, as shown in Figure 2.
(2) index system evaluated is built
To carry out science, accurately evaluation to complicated things or system, it is necessary to deeply excavate its essence and internal association,
According to certain level and contact selection evaluation index, and construct applicable assessment indicator system.With evaluation content, certain town scape
System features are seen as criterion, suitable evaluate of selection sets up index system, and Taihu Lake town landscape sensitivity is evaluated.
Certain town landscape sensitivity evaluation index system is divided into 4 levels, and first layer is that overall goal is that landscape synthesis is quick
Sensitivity；The second layer is destination layer, including the fragile susceptibility of landscape and landscape interference susceptibility, and landscape fragility susceptibility reacts certain town
The resistivity that landscape self attributes are disturbed to external world, landscape interference susceptibility reacts intensity size and class that certain town is interfered
Type；Third layer is key element layer, is to constitute each key element for evaluating target, and the wherein fragile susceptibility of landscape is by landform, the hydrology, plant
Quilt, land-use style, 5 key elements of landscape resource are constituted, and landscape disturbs susceptibility by anthropic factor, 2 key elements of landscape Annoyance Index
Constitute；4th layer is indicator layer, is the refinement evaluation index of key element layer, as shown in Figure 3.
After being determined evaluation index, using index development of judgment matrix of the AHP (analytic hierarchy process (AHP)) to each level, i.e.,
Whole factors of each level are compared to each other, comparative result is determined by the relative importance of two factors, uses numerical value
1-9 represents, such as Fig. 4, then importance ratio between each two index is drawn by being compared to each other two-by-two, by normalized
The weight of each index is obtained afterwards.
(3) single pollution assessment is analyzed
Each Criterion Attribute of landscape sensitivity evaluation, unit, evaluation criterion are different, are that final overlay analysis needs to turn
Unified dimension is changed, it is necessary to divide sensitivity grade to each evaluation index using unified standard, and assign corresponding numerical value,
So that weighted superposition is calculated.Sensitivity grade is divided into extremely sensitive, extremely sensitive, medium sensitivity, slight sensitive, insensitive 5
Individual grade, and represent its sensitivity level with numerical value 5,4,3,2,1 respectively.
(3.1) terrain factor：Topographic map CAD vector files containing digital elevation information are imported in ArcGIS, utilized
Key element instrument under essential factor management instrument is converted to shapefile formatted files, and TIN figures are created by shapefile formatted files
Layer, then TIN figure layers are converted into raster file, the grid using 10m × 10m is needed according to survey region scope and precision.
Situation is classified according to terrain factor susceptibility, reclassification is carried out, operating procedure is ArcToolBox -3D Analyst-grid
Shown in reclassification-reclassification, such as Fig. 5 (a).
(3.2) hydrology factor：Obtained landscape classification vector file is pre-processed according to Primary Stage Data, by fish pond and race
Road figure layer merges into a figure layer as artificial water, enters row buffering point in ArcGIS to natural water and artificial water respectively
Analysis.Concrete operation step is to use Multiple Ring Buffer (polycyclic buffering area) generations in analysis tool and water body
Definite value distance buffer area, for it is general value (＞ 300m, ＞ 200m, ＞ 150) distance buffer area, use research scope
Ji Mou towns domain border Erase (erasing) definite value buffering area, then by obtained general value buffer area and definite value buffer area Union
(merging) is a figure layer, and carries out reclassification according to sensitivity grade assignment, obtains the susceptibility classification figure of the hydrology factor, such as
Shown in Fig. 5 (b).
(3.3) Vegetation factors：According to the actual conditions in certain town, its surface vegetation is divided into wildwood, fruit-bearing forest, meadow, agriculture
Field, wasteland and other 5 classes.In ArcGIS softwares, the newly-built susceptibility score field in attribute list, to each type of vegetation
Corresponding susceptibility score value is assigned, carries out obtaining vegetation sensitivity assessment result after grid reclassification, shown in such as Fig. 5 (c).
(3.4) the land-use style factor：Obtained landscape classification vector file is pre-processed according to Primary Stage Data, in ArcGIS
Each assigns corresponding score value, grid with susceptibility score field is added in the attribute list of map layer according to corresponding land-use style
Reclassification is carried out after formatting, shown in such as Fig. 5 (d).
(3.5) the landscape resource factor：Using the buffer finish blasting function in ArcGIS analysis tools, respectively to 5, certain town etc.
The landscape resource of level sets up corresponding buffer distance, adds field, assigns corresponding susceptibility score value.By result figure layer grid simultaneously
Reclassification is carried out according to susceptibility score value, the evaluation result of certain town landscape resource susceptibility is obtained, shown in such as Fig. 5 (e).
(3.6) the artificial disturbance factor：The artificial disturbance factor by the road traffic closely related with strength of human activities and
Density of population two indices are weighed.The relation of road traffic and human activity intensity can be by category of roads and apart from road
Distance is evaluated, in ArcGIS, is carried out multi-buffer analysis to major trunk roads, subsidiary road, backroad respectively, is set up not equal
The buffer distance of level.Then three figure layers are merged, three distance (bufferings can be produced in the attribute list after merging
Distance) field, in order to accurately reflect the interference strength of road traffic, it is necessary to add a field, utilize VB scripted codes
Maximum therein is called, the buffer distance that road traffic is final is used as.This figure layer is switched into raster data, and it is quick according to disturbing
Intensity levels assign new value reclassification.Choroplethic method is substituted with population cuclear density method, landscape disturbed to weigh population distribution
The influence of susceptibility, concrete thought and step are, using the geometry barycenter in each villages and small towns as the core point in region, by each villages and small towns
Consensus data connected with core point, using in ArcGIS spatial analysis cuclear density analyze, exist to simulate population
Distribution situation spatially.Reclassification is carried out to population cuclear density value, the landscape interference for finally giving certain town density of population is sensitive
Result is spent, such as Fig. 5 (f) and Fig. 5 (g) are shown.
(3.7) landscape Annoyance Index：Selection is with Scenic Bridges, landscape fractal dimension, Landscape isolation index, landscape shape
Index 4, which can react, is multiplied by respective weight phase after index of the landscape structure by external interference influence degree, normalized
Plus obtain landscape Annoyance Index.In order to reflect the spatial distribution differences of landscape Annoyance Index, it is necessary to by Annoyance Index and geography list
Member is combined.1km × 1km grid is divided into, totally 140 cells, with the Annoyance Index of certain town different landscape type
Based on, the landscape Annoyance Index of each grid is calculated, as the value of grid element center sampled point, using common in ArcGIS
The spherical model of golden Spatial Interpolation Method in gram, the data to 140 sampled points are fitted, and the landscape for simulating certain whole town is done
Index space distribution situation is disturbed, and reclassification is carried out to data using geometry interval method, landscape Annoyance Index susceptibility knot is obtained
Really, shown in such as Fig. 5 (h).
(4) comprehensive analysis
The landscape sensitivity of single-factor, can only reflect the effect degree of the single factor, it is impossible to which concentrated expression goes out ecological quick
The region variation of perception is, it is necessary to which each single-factor sensitivity assessment result disturbed with landscape fragile to landscape is overlapped point
Analysis, draws final sensitivity assessment result.Under ArcGIS platforms, above single-factor is analyzed to each obtained grid map
Layer, superposition is weighted according to corresponding weight.The result that overlay analysis is obtained illustrates each grid landscape complex sensitivitg
Score value size, it is necessary to carry out grid reclassification to it according to sensitivity grade, correspondence 1-5 susceptibility score value finally gives
Comprehensive landscape sensitivity classification fire wall figure, as shown in Figure 6.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Rural Landscape sensitivity assessment analysis method based on 3S technologies, it is characterised in that：Specifically include following steps：
(1) basic data is collected with arranging：
The information and data in collection research region, including position background, socio-economic conditions, history culture information and natural environment
Factor, then the data to collection arrange, useful written historical materials and data from investigation are converted into graphic file with ArcGIS,
Form the general cognition to survey region；
Then accurate research range delimited according to administrative division and red line scope, landscape is the evaluation unit of landscape sensitivity,
Further the landscape types in research range are divided after data collection, different landscape types in structure function and
There is larger difference in landscape process, according to specific land-use style, vegetation pattern and anthropogenic disturbance Research on partition region
Landscape types；The relevant attribute data of survey region is connected with spatial information using ArcGIS, ArcGIS is converted to and fits
Formatted file, and unified projected coordinate system is used, the geographic information database of landscape sensitivity evaluation is built with this；
(2) index system establishment
Landscape sensitivity evaluation index factor is selected, the index system evaluated is built, the selection of evaluation index is according to research object
Back ground Information data determine, determine and the evaluation criterion of each evaluation index formulated after evaluation index, with this stroke
Divide result grade, its weight is determined to the importance of landscape system finally according to each index factor；
(3) single index factor evaluation
According to the evaluation criterion of each index factor, sensitivity assessment and analysis are carried out to single index respectively；
(4) overall merit
Overlay analysis is weighted to single pollution assessment result according to corresponding weight, landscape sensitivity overall merit is finally given
As a result.Calculation formula uses following formula：
<mrow>
<mi>L</mi>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</msubsup>
<msub>
<mi>w</mi>
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</msub>
<mo>*</mo>
<msub>
<mi>U</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
In formula, LSS is landscape complex sensitivitg, and i represents pointer type, wiRepresent the weight of i-th of index, UiRepresent to comment for i-th
The score value of valency index.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN107808585A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-16 | 武汉大学 | A kind of preparation method of garden landscape map |
| CN109242260A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-18 | 黑龙江工程学院 | The construction method and verification method of landscape ecological vulnerability index |
| CN109241221A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-18 | 南京林业大学 | It is a kind of to probe into the method for quantitatively evaluating that city wall influences urban landscape pattern evolution based on 3S technology |
| CN109447436A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-03-08 | 中国路桥工程有限责任公司 | A kind of ring lake Parkway Landscape Vision Impact Assessment method |
| CN110264111A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-09-20 | 四川师范大学 | A kind of mountain area man-land territorial system space quantization model based on geographical space |
| CN111210142A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-29 | 北京大学 | Landscape integrated management unit dividing method |
| WO2021169536A1 (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-02 | 同济大学 | Health risk assessment method and system for territorial spatial planning |
| CN114840617A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-08-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Agricultural biomass resource unified planning method allowing designated transportation distance |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107808585A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-16 | 武汉大学 | A kind of preparation method of garden landscape map |
| CN109242260A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-18 | 黑龙江工程学院 | The construction method and verification method of landscape ecological vulnerability index |
| CN109242260B (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2021-05-25 | 黑龙江工程学院 | Construction method and verification method of landscape ecological vulnerability index |
| CN109241221A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-18 | 南京林业大学 | It is a kind of to probe into the method for quantitatively evaluating that city wall influences urban landscape pattern evolution based on 3S technology |
| CN109447436A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-03-08 | 中国路桥工程有限责任公司 | A kind of ring lake Parkway Landscape Vision Impact Assessment method |
| CN110264111A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-09-20 | 四川师范大学 | A kind of mountain area man-land territorial system space quantization model based on geographical space |
| CN110264111B (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2022-05-03 | 四川师范大学 | Mountain area people-ground relation regional system space quantization model based on geographic space |
| CN111210142A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-29 | 北京大学 | Landscape integrated management unit dividing method |
| CN111210142B (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2023-12-26 | 北京大学 | Landscape integrated management unit division method |
| WO2021169536A1 (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-02 | 同济大学 | Health risk assessment method and system for territorial spatial planning |
| CN114840617A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-08-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Agricultural biomass resource unified planning method allowing designated transportation distance |
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